AIRWORTHINESS APPROVAL OF AVIONICS EQUIPMENT

航空论坛

游客，如果您要查看本帖隐藏内容请回复

航空论坛

AC 21-46(0) MARCH 2009
AIRWORTHINESS APPROVAL OF AVIONICS
EQUIPMENT
CONTENTS
1.
References 1
2.
Purpose 1
3.
Status of this AC 1
4.
Acronyms 2
5.
Background 2
6.
Current recognised standards 3
7.
Existing equipment approvals 4
8.
New equipment approvals 4
9.
Data requirements 4 Appendix 1 - Existing Avionics Standards 6 Appendix 2 - Approved Equipment 16

1. REFERENCES
. Civil Aviation Regulation (CAR) 2 – Interpretation
. CAR 35 - Approval of design of modification or repair.
. CAR 207 - Requirements according to operations on which Australian aircraft used
. Civil Aviation Safety Regulation (CASR) 21.012 - Recognised foreign countries.
. CASR 21.305 - Approval of materials, parts, processes and appliances.
.
CASR 21.N Approval of engines,
propellers, materials, parts and
appliances: imported
.
Advisory Circular (AC) 21.27 Manufacturing Approval - Overview
.
Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP)
.
RTCA/DO-178B - Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification.
.
RTCA/DO-160F - Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment.
2. PURPOSE
This Advisory Circular (AC) provides information and guidance concerning the standards used for required avionics equipment that are to be approved for installation in Australian aircraft.  
3. STATUS OF THIS AC
This is the first AC published on this subject.

necessarily the only means, of complying with the Regulations, or to explain certain regulatory
Where an AC is referred to in a ‘Note’ below the regulation, the AC remains as guidance material. ACs should always be read in conjunction with the referenced regulations.
AC 21-46(0): Airworthiness Approval of Avionics Equipment
4.
ACRONYMS AIP Aeronautical Information Publication ATSO Australian Technical Standard Order CAR Civil Aviation Regulations 1988 CASA Civil Aviation Safety Authority CASR Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 CAO Civil Aviation Order ETSO European Technical Standard Order EUROCAE European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment FAA Federal Aviation Administration (of the United States) NAA National Airworthiness Authority SAE Society of Automotive Engineers, International TSO Technical Standard Order
5.
BACKGROUND

5.1 Civil Aviation Regulation (CAR) 2 states, in part, that aircraft components are “any part or equipment for an aircraft that, when fitted to, or provided in an aircraft may, if it is not sound or functioning correctly, affect the safety of the aircraft, its occupants or its cargo or cause the aircraft to become a danger to person or property.”
5.2 Any equipment fitted to, or on, an aircraft from time to time can be divided into two basic categories:
.
items required for compliance with the regulations governing specific types of operation; and
.
any other equipment that is fitted in addition to that required by regulation.
5.3 Any equipment fitted in compliance with the regulations must be approved by Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) prior to use as CAR 207(2) states, in part, “A person must not use an Australian aircraft in a class of operation if the aircraft is not; (a) fitted with instruments; and (b) fitted with, or carrying, equipment, including emergency equipment; that CASA has approved and directed.” As an example, the Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) states that radio navigation equipment fitted to an aircraft must be of a type approved by CASA.
5.4 To be able to comply with the regulations, and to obtain CASA approval, all required equipment fitted to an aircraft must conform to an approved design standard and the manufacturing process designed to ensure continuing conformance to that standard. All other equipment must be of a design such that it is sound and functions correctly to ensure that it does not constitute a hazard to the aircraft or occupants.
AC 21-46(0): Airworthiness Approval of Avionics Equipment
5.5 An increasing number of manufacturers are offering products that are not designed or meant for aviation use; this includes automotive equipment/components and commercial off the shelf equipment such as multifunction displays and radios. The use of this type of non-aircraft components has raised concerns in that they do not have any form of configuration control - manufacturers are issuing statements in supplied data to the effect that: “Specifications are subject to change without notice”. This may imply that:
.
equipment initially fitted during a modification may differ significantly to an item purchased at a later date as a replacement part;
.
embedded software may not have been verified against a known standard or tested to ensure that all functions operate correctly without producing unexpected outcomes. Manufacturers may also change and improve the software at any time. This software may appear to function correctly but may contain latent errors; and
.
manufacturers may not intend to support the existing equipment configuration in the longer term.
5.6 To facilitate the approval process, as per CAR 207(2), required equipment must:
.
comply with an accepted design standard;
.
be manufactured in a manner to ensure continuing conformance to that standard; and
.
be supplied with approved data, including continuing airworthiness requirements, to enable correct installation and operation.
5.7
This AC provides details of what data is necessary to support a request for approval of avionics equipment required by regulation to permit subsequent fitting, and continued safe operation, to an aircraft.
6.
CURRENT RECOGNISED STANDARDS

6.1 Appendix 1 provides a list of avionic equipment and the standard(s) applicable for that equipment. This is not an exhaustive list as new technology or novel applications of existing technologies may be beyond the scope of the existing standards. In this case it is recommended that the applicant approach CASA at the earliest instance to enable the development of an agreed standard.
6.2 Aircraft manufacturers, when certifying an aircraft model, explicitly state that the aircraft complies with a design standard extant at that time. This includes equipment fitted during production of the aircraft.
6.3 CASR 21.012 provides a list of Recognised Foreign Countries from where material, parts, processes, appliances and technical standards, approved by the National Airworthiness Authority (NAA), are automatically accepted.
6.4 Civil Aviation Safety Regulation (CASR) 21.305 automatically approves material, parts, processes or appliances approved as part of an Australian Technical Standard Order (ATSO) authorisation or as part of a Type Certified Product.
6.5 CASR Subpart 21.N provides the mechanism for the approval of imported items and is only concerned with the approval of imported items that comply with design and manufacture airworthiness standards automatically accepted by CASA or as otherwise negotiated with CASA.
AC 21-46(0): Airworthiness Approval of Avionics Equipment
6.6
For all other equipment, consultation with CASA would enable approval of a suitable standard.
7.
EXISTING EQUIPMENT APPROVALS

7.1 Appendix 2 of this AC provides a listing of equipment that has been previously approved by CASA.
Note: This appendix is derived from Airborne Radio Classification Publication (Publication 50) which is no longer in print.
8. NEW EQUIPMENT APPROVALS
8.1 If approval for fitting required equipment to a certified aircraft by a recognised NAA has not been given then the device will need to be certified by an appropriate delegate. The following categories cover the different requirements and provide guidance as to the requirements of each category.
8.2 Design Approval. Approval of equipment as a stand alone item, conforming to an ATSO, TSO, ETSO or other agreed standard. This authorisation then allows the follow on fitment to aircraft registered in Australia in accordance with approved modification instructions.
8.3 “One Off” Approvals. The individual approval of an item of uncertified, or non-aviation instrument or electronic equipment, to allow the installation of that equipment into certified aircraft in accordance with an engineering order by a CAR 35 delegate.
8.4 Supplementary Type Certificate (STC). The approval of a particular model of uncertified or non-aviation instrument or electronic equipment to allow the installation of that equipment into certified aircraft types using the supplementary type certificate process.
8.5
Production. The approval of a particular model of uncertified or non-aviation instrument or electronic equipment to allow the installation of that equipment into certified aircraft types during production of that aircraft. Refer to CASA AC 21.27 Manufacturing Approval – Overview providing guidance on various types of production approvals.
9.
DATA REQUIREMENTS

9.1 The Applicant, which can be either an individual or a company, for an approval takes design responsibility for that item of equipment. The responsibility rests with the Applicant to ensure that:
.
An appropriate design standard has been identified and agreed to by CASA;
.
A data package for the candidate equipment confirming the; design, materials, processes, performance parameters and test plans to be used for the production model is collated and submitted. This needs to address, as a minimum:
.
Testing and verification of embedded software (if any) in accordance with an acceptable standard (e.g. RTCA/DO-178B Level A, B, C or D) to confirm operability and functionality. Software is to be treated as any other component and will need to have configuration control;
AC 21-46(0): Airworthiness Approval of Avionics Equipment
.
Environmental testing may also be necessary to ensure the equipment will continue to operate in all expected operational environmental conditions. This may include recovery of operational modes from direct and indirect lightning strikes, extreme temperature conditions, altitude tests and other tests defined by RTCA/DO-160F for the selected operating conditions of the equipment. Consultation with CASA may be necessary to identify the individual testing programs appropriate for the intended use of the equipment;
.
Each item of equipment needs to be conformed to the data package to confirm build status in both hardware and software;
.
Each item of equipment delivered from the original manufacturer needs to be tested to confirm the functionality and performance parameters as detailed in the design specifications. The applicant needs to uniquely identify the component by issuing the device with a unique part number; and
. This data package will be frozen and identified as the model intended for fitting to the aircraft and will be subject to configuration control in a manner similar to other aircraft components.
Group General Manager Airworthiness Engineering Group
APPENDIX 1
Existing Avionics Standards
Equipment  FAA TSO  ATSO  ETSO  SAE  RTCA  EUROCAE  OTHER  
Aircraft Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) II (Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) II Change 7)  TSO-C119b  RTCA/DO-185A  
Automatic Direction Finder (ADF)  TSO-C41d   ETSO-2C41d  RTCA/DO-179  
Automatic Dependant Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Extended Squitter 1090 MHz  TSO-C166 TSO-C166a  ATSO-C1004 ATSO-C1005  RTCA/DO-260 RTCA/DO-260A  
Air Data Computer  TSO-C106  AS8002  
Aircraft Portable Megaphones  TSO-C137a  AS4950B  
Airspeed Indicator  TSO-C2d  AS8019A  
Airspeed Tubes  TSO-C16 TSO-C16 Amdt 1 TSO-C16a  AS393 AS8006  
Alternator  TSO-C56a  AS8020  
Altimeter  TSO-C10b  AS392C  
Anti-Collision Light  TSO-C96a  AS8017A  
Arc Fault Circuit Breakers 115V 400Hz  TSO-C178  AS5692  
Equipment  FAA TSO  ATSO  ETSO  SAE  RTCA  EUROCAE  OTHER  
Area Navigation Equipment using Multi-sensor Inputs  TSO-C115a  RTCA/DO-187  
Artificial Horizon  TSO-C4c  AS396B  
Air Traffic Control (ATC) Transponder  TSO-C74c  ATSO-1C74c  RTCA/DO-144  
Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS)/Mode S Transponder  TSO-C112  ATSO-1C112  ETSO-2C112a  RTCA/DO-181C  
Attitude Gyro  TSO-C4c  AS396B  
Attitude Indicator  TSO-C4c  AS396B  
Audio selector/ amplifiers  TSO-C50c  RTCA/DO-170  
Audio Systems and Equipment  TSO-C139  RTCA/DO-214  
Automatic Dead Reckoning Computer Equipment   TSO-C68a  RTCA/DO-158  
Autopilot  TSO-C9c  AS402A  
Avionics Supporting Next Generation Satellite Systems  TSO-C159  RTCA/DO-262  
Bank and Pitch Instruments  TSO-C4c  AS396B  
Batteries (Lithium Sulphur Dioxide)  TSO-C97  
Batteries (Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) and Lead Acid)  TSO-C173  RTCA/DO-293  
Batteries, Lithium - rechargeable  TSO-C179  
Batteries, Lithium - non-rechargeable  TSO-C142a  RTCA/DO-227  
Equipment  FAA TSO  ATSO  ETSO  SAE  RTCA  EUROCAE  OTHER  
Battery Based Emergency Power Supplies  TSO-C174  
Carbon Monoxide Detector Instruments  TSO-C48  AS412A  
Cargo Compartment Fire Detection Instruments  TSO-C1d  AS8036  
Cockpit Image Recorder Systems  TSO-C176  ED-112  
Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR)  TSO-C123b  ED-56A  
Combined Instrument Landing System (ILS)/Microwave Landing System (MLS) Airborne Receiving Equipment  ETSO-2C500a  
Course Deviation Indicator (CDI)  See receiver equipment standard  
Cylinder Head Temperature Indicator  TSO-C43c  AS8005  
Data Link Recorder systems  TSO-C177  ED-112  
Demand Oxygen masks  TSO-C78  
Directional Gyro, Non-Magnetic  TSO-C5f  AS8021  
Directional Gyro, Magnetic  TSO-C6d  AS8013  
Distance Measuring Equipment(International) (DME (I))  TSO-C66c  ETSO-2C66b  RTCA/DO-189  
Doppler Radar  TSO-C65a  RTCA/DO-158  
Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System (EGPWS) see  TSO-C151b  RTCA/DO-161A RTCA/DO-200A  
Equipment  FAA TSO  ATSO  ETSO  SAE  RTCA  EUROCAE  OTHER  
Terrain Awareness Warning System (TAWS)  
Electrical Generator  TSO-C56a  AS8020  
Electrical Starter  TSO-C56a  AS8020  
Electronic Map Display  TSO-C165  RTCA/DO-257A  
Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) 121.5 MHz / 243 MHz  TSO-C91a  ETSO-2C91a  RTCA/DO-183  
ELT 406MHz  TSO-C126  ETSO-2C126  RTCA/DO-204  
Equipment that prevents Blocked Channels used in two-way radio comms due to simultaneous transmissions  TSO-C122a  ETSO-2C122  RTCA/DO-209  
Equipment that prevents Blocked Channels used in two-way radio comms due to unintentional transmissions  TSO-C128a  ETSO-2C128  RTCA/DO-207  
Exhaust Gas Temperature Indicator  TSO-C43c  AS8005  
Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC)  AIR 5924  
Fire Detectors (radiation)  TSO-C79  
Flight Data Recorder (FDR)  TSO-C51a TSO-C124b  ED-55  
Flight Director  TSO-C52b  AS8008  
Flight Information Services - TSO-C157  RTCA/DO-267A  
Equipment  FAA TSO  ATSO  ETSO  SAE  RTCA  EUROCAE  OTHER  
Broadcast  
Flight Management Systems (FMS)  TSO-C153  
Fluorescent Lighting Ballast/Fixture Equipment  TSO-C141  AS4914  
Free Air Temperature Indicator  TSO-C43c  AS8005  
Fuel Flow Meter  TSO-C44c TSO-C44d**  AS407B  
Fuel Pressure Indicator  TSO-C47a  AS408A  
Fuel Quantity Indicator  TSO-C55a  AS405  
Fuel Transmitter  TSO-C55a  AS405  
Geosynchronous Orbit Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Services Aircraft Earth Station  TSO-C132  RTCA/DO-210D  
Global Positioning System (GPS) Active Antenna  TSO-C190  RTCA/DO-301  
GPS Antenna Passive  TSO-C144  RTCA/DO-228  
GPS Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) Navigation Equipment  TSO-C161  RTCA/DO-253A  
GPS GBAS VHF Data Broadcast  TSO-C162  RTCA/DO-253A  
GPS Supplemental Navigation System  TSO-C129a  RTCA/DO-208  
GPS Wide Area Augmentation  TSO-C145b   RTCA/DO-229  
Equipment  FAA TSO  ATSO  ETSO  SAE  RTCA  EUROCAE  OTHER  
System (WAAS) Navigation Sensors  
GPS WAAS Stand Alone Receivers  TSO-C146b  RTCA/DO-229C  
GPS Ground-based Regional Augmentation system (GRAS)   RTCA/DO-310  
Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS)  TSO-C92c  RTCA/DO-161A  
Headsets/Speakers  TSO-C57a  RTCA/DO-170  
Helicopter Radar Approach and Beacon system  TSO-C102  RTCA/DO-172  
High Frequency (HF) Datalink  TSO-C158  RTCA/DO-265  
HF Receiver  TSO-C32d  RTCA/DO-163  
HF Transceiver  TSO-C170  RTCA/DO-163  
HF Transmitter  TSO-C31d  RTCA/DO-163  
Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI)  See receiver equipment standard  
Hydraulic Pressure Instruments  TSO-C47a  AS408A  
Instrument Landing System (ILS) Glide Slope Receiver  TSO-C34e  ETSO-2C34f  RTCA/DO-192  
ILS Localizer Receiver  TSO-C36e  ETSO-2C36f  RTCA/DO-195  
Induction System Temperature Indicator  TSO-C43c  AS8005  
Integrated Modular Avionics Hardware Elements  TSO-C153  
Equipment  FAA TSO  ATSO  ETSO  SAE  RTCA  EUROCAE  OTHER  
Instantaneous Vertical Speed Indicator (IVSI)  TSO-C8e  AS8016  
Landing Light  TSO-C30c  AS8037  
Mach Meter  TSO-C95  AS8018  
Magnetic Direction Indicator (compass)  TSO-C7d  AS398  
Magnetos  
Manifold Pressure Indicator  TSO-C45b  AS411  
Marker Beacon  TSO-C35d  ETSO-2C35d  RTCA/DO-143  
Maximum Allowable Airspeed Indicator  TSO-C46a  
Microphones  TSO-C58a  RTCA/DO-170  
MLS Converter Equipment Interim Standard  TSO-C93  ETSO-2C93b  
MLS Receiving Equipment  TSO-C104  ETSO-2C104a  RTCA/DO-177  
Mode C Code Generating Equipment  TSO-C88b  AS8003  
Mode S Aircraft Data Link Processor  ETSO-2C501  
Multi Function Display (MFD)  TSO-C113  AS8034  
Multi Mode Receiver  See individual parts (VOR, GPS etc) TSO-C153  RTCA/DO-297  
Navigation Data Storage System  TSO-C109  
Navigation/Position Lights  TSO-C30c  AS8037  
Night Vision Goggle (NVG)  TSO-C164##  RTCA/DO-275##  CAO 82.6  
Equipment  FAA TSO  ATSO  ETSO  SAE  RTCA  EUROCAE  OTHER  
Oil Pressure Indicator  TSO-C47a   AS408A  
Oil Quantity Indicator  TSO-C55a  AS405  
Overspeed Warning Instrument  TSO-C101  AS8007  
Oxygen Mask Assembly Continuous Flow  TSO-C64a TSO-C103  AS8025 1224A  
Oxygen Regulator  TSO-C89a  AS8027  
Passive Thunderstorm Detection  TSO-C110a  RTCA/DO-191  
Pitot/Static Tubes, electrically heated  TSO-C16a  AS8006  
Powerplant Fire Detection  TSO-C11e   ETSO-2C11e  AS8028  
Protective Breathing Equipment (PBE)  TSO-C99 TSO-C116  AS8031  
Radar Altimeter  TSO-C87 TSO-C67  ETSO-2C87  RTCA/DO-103 RTCA/DO-60  
Radio Magnetic Indicator (RMI)  See receiver equipment standard  
Rate Gyro  AS1104  
Recorder Independent Power Supply  TSO-C155  
Selective Calling System (SELCAL)  TSO-C59a  RTCA/DO-93  
Stall Warning Instruments  TSO-C54  AS403A  
Starter/Generators  TSO-C56b  AS8020  
Static Converters  TSO-C71  
Equipment  FAA TSO  ATSO  ETSO  SAE  RTCA  EUROCAE  OTHER  
Static Inverters  TSO-C73  
Tachometer Indicator  TSO-C49b  AS411  
Taxi Light  TSO-C30c  AS8037  
Traffic Alert And Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) I   TSO-C118  RTCA/DO-197  
Temperature Instruments  TSO-C43c  AS8005  
Terrain Awareness Warning System (TAWS)  TSO-C151b  RTCA/DO-161A, RTCA/DO-200A  
Traffic Advisory System (TAS)  TSO-C147  RTCA/DO-197A  
Turbine Inlet Temperature Indicator  TSO-C43c  AS8005  
Turn and Slip Indicator  TSO-C3d  AS8004  
Turn Coordinator  TSO-C3d  AS8004  
Underwater Locating Devices  TSO-C121a  AS8045  
Very High Frequency (VHF) Data Link (VDL) Mode 2  TSO-C160  RTCA/DO-281A  
VDL Mode 3  TSO-C163  RTCA/DO-271C  
Vertical Speed Indictor (VSI)  TSO-C8e  AS8016  
VHF Receiver  TSO-C38d  ETSO-2C38e  RTCA/DO-156  
VHF Transceiver  TSO-C169  RTCA/DO-186A  
VHF Transmitter  TSO-C37d  ETSO-2C37e  RTCA/DO-186  
VHF Omnidirectional Radio Range  TSO-C40c   ETSO-2C40c  RTCA/DO-196  ED-22A  
Equipment  FAA TSO  ATSO  ETSO  SAE  RTCA  EUROCAE  OTHER  
(VOR)  
Weather Radar  TSO-C63c  ETSO-2C63c  RTCA/DO-173  
Weather Radar Display  TSO-C105  RTCA/DO-174  
Windshear Warning and Escape Guidance Systems  TSO-C117a  ARP 4102/11  
Note 1: ** TSO is pending.
Note 2: ## Standard used as a basis for the development of an Australian standard.
Note 3: Superseded versions of a TSO may still be current and applicable.
Note 4: Most TSOs refer to RTCA/DO 178B for software considerations, RTCA/DO 160F for environmental considerations and RTCA/DO 275 for hardware
aspect of complex designs. Later revisions or EUROCAE equivalents are also acceptable.
APPENDIX 2
Approved Equipment
Note:  Appendix 2 of this DRAFT AC is derived from Airborne Radio Classification Publication (Publication 50) which is no longer in print. It is not attached to this draft but will be included when AC21-46 is published.