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第一百二十六条 旅客、行李或者货物在航空运输中因延误造成的损失,承运人应当承担责任; Article 126 The carrier shall be liable for damage occasioned by delay in the transport by air of passengers, baggage or cargo;
但是,承运人证明本人或者其受雇人、代理人为了避免损失的发生,已经采取一切必要措施或者不可能采取此种措施的,不承担责任。 provided that the carrier is not liable if he proved that he and his servants or agents have taken all necessary measures to avoid the damage or that is was impossible for him or them to take such measures.
第一百二十七条 在旅客、行李运输中,经承运人证明,损失是由索赔人的过错造成或者促成的,应当根据造成或者促成此种损失的过错的程度,相应免除或者减轻承运人的责任。 Article 127 In the transport of passengers and baggage, if the carrier proves that the damage was caused by or contributed to by the fault of the claimant, the carrier may be wholly or partly exonerated from his liability in accordance with the extent of the fault that caused or contributed to such damage.
旅客以外的其他人就旅客死亡或者受伤提出赔偿请求时,经承运人证明,死亡或者受伤是旅客本人的过错造成或者促成的,同样应当根据造成或者促成此种损失的过错的程度,相应免除或者减轻承运人的责任。 Where a person other than the passenger claims compensation with respect to the death or injury of the passenger, the carrier may similarly be wholly or partly exonerated from his liability in accordance with the extent of the fault that caused or contributed to such damage, if the carrier proves that the death or injury was caused by or contributed to by the fault of the passenger himself.
在货物运输中,经承运人证明,损失是由索赔人或者代行权利人的过错造成或者促成的,应当根据造成或者促成此种损失的过错的程度,相应免除或者减轻承运人的责任。 In the transport of cargo, if the carrier proves that the damage was caused by or contributed to the fault of the person claiming compensation, or the person from whom he derived his right, the carrier shall be wholly or partly exonerated from his liability in accordance with the extent of the fault that caused or contributed to such damage.
第一百二十八条 国内航空运输承运人的赔偿责任限额由国务院民用航空主管部门制定,报国务院批准后公布执行。 Article 128 The limits of carrier's liability in domestic air transport shall be formulated by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council and put in force after being approved by the State Council.
旅客或者托运人在交运托运行李或者货物时,特别声明在目的地点交付时的利益,并在必要时支付附加费的,除承运人证明旅客或者托运人声明的金额高于托运行李或者货物在目的地点交付时的实际利益外,承运人应当在声明金额范围内承担责任; If the passenger or the shipper has made, at the time when the checked baggage or cargo was handed over to the carrier, a special declaration of interest in delivery at destination and has paid a supplementary sum if the case so requires, the carrier shall be liable to pay a sum not exceeding the declared sum, unless he proves that the sum declared by the passenger or shipper is greater than the actual interest of the checked baggage or cargo in delivery at destination;
本法第一百二十九条的其他规定,除赔偿责任限额外,适用于国内航空运输。 the other provisions of Article 129 of this Law shall be applicable to domestic air transport except the limits of liability.
第一百二十九条 国际航空运输承运人的赔偿责任限额按照下列规定执行: Article 129 In international air transport, the liability of the carrier shall be as the following:
(一)对每名旅客的赔偿责任限额为16600计算单位;但是,旅客可以同承运人书面约定高于本项规定的赔偿责任限额。 (1) The liability of the carrier for each passenger is limited to the sum of 16600 units of account. Nevertheless, the passenger may agree with the carrier in writing to a limit of liability higher than that prescribed by this sub-paragraph;
(二)对托运行李或者货物的赔偿责任限额,每公斤为17计算单位。旅客或者托运人在交运托运行李或者货物时,特别声明在目的地点交付时的利益,并在必要时支付附加费的,除承运人证明旅客或者托运人声明的金额高于托运行李或者货物在目的地点交付时的实际利益外,承运人应当在声明金额范围内承担责任。 (2) The liability of the carrier for each kilogram of checked baggage or cargo is limited to a sum of 17 units of account. If the passenger or shipper has made, at the time when the package was handed over to the carrier, a special declaration of interest in delivery at destination and has paid a supplementary sum if the case so requires, the carrier shall be liable to pay a sum not exceeding the declared sum, unless he proves that the sum declared by the passenger or shipper is greater than the actual interest of the checked baggage or cargo in delivery at destination.
托运行李或者货物的一部分或者托运行李、货物中的任何物件毁灭、遗失、损坏或者延误的,用以确定承运人赔偿责任限额的重量,仅为该一包件或者数包件的总重量; In the case of destruction, loss, damage or delay of a part of checked baggage or cargo, or of any object contained therein, the weight to be taken into consideration in determining the amount to which the carrier's liability is limited shall only be the total weight of the package or packages concerned.
但是,因托运行李或者货物的一部分或者托运行李、货物中的任何物件的毁灭、遗失、损坏或者延误,影响同一份行李票或者同一份航空货运单所列其他包件的价值的,确定承运人的赔偿责任限额时,此种包件的总重量也应当考虑在内。 Nevertheless, when the destruction, loss, damage or delay of a part of the checked baggage or cargo, or of an object contained therein, affects the value of other packages covered by the same baggage check or the same air waybill, the total weight of such package or packages shall also be taken into consideration in determining the limit of liability of the carrier.
(三)对每名旅客随身携带的物品的赔偿责任限额为332计算单位。 (3) The liability of the carrier for carry-on baggage of a passenger is limited to 332 units of account per passenger.
第一百三十条 任何旨在免除本法规定的承运人责任或者降低本法规定的赔偿责任限额的条款,均属无效;但是,此种条款的无效,不影响整个航空运输合同的效力。 Article 130 Any provision tending to relieve the carrier of the liability prescribed by this Law or to fix a lower limit than that which is laid down in this Law shall be null and void, but the nullity of any such provision shall not involve the nullity of the whole contract of transport by air.
第一百三十一条 有关航空运输中发生的损失的诉讼,不论其根据如何,只能依照本法规定的条件和赔偿责任限额提出,但是不妨碍谁有权提起诉讼以及他们各自的权利。 Article 131 Any action for damage occurred in air transport, however founded, can only be brought subject to the conditions and limits of liability set out in this Law, without prejudice to the question as to who are the persons who have the right to bring suit and what are their respective rights.
第一百三十二条 经证明,航空运输中的损失是由于承运人或者其受雇人、代理人的故意或者明知可能造成损失而轻率地作为或者不作为造成的,承运人无权援用本法第一百二十八条、第一百二十九条有关赔偿责任限制的规定; Article 132 The carrier shall not be entitled to avail himself of the provisions of Articles 128 and 129 of this Law concerning the limit of liability if it is proved that the damage in the air transport resulted from an act or omission of the carrier, his servants or agents, done with intent to cause damage or recklessly and with knowledge that damage would probably result;
证明承运人的受雇人、代理人有此种作为或者不作为的,还应当证明该受雇人、代理人是在受雇、代理范围内行事。 provided that, in the case of such act or omission of a servant or agent of the carrier, it is also proved that he was acting within the scope of his employment.
第一百三十三条 就航空运输中的损失向承运人的受雇人、代理人提起诉讼时,该受雇人、代理人证明他是在受雇、代理范围内行事的,有权援用本法第一百二十八条、第一百二十九条有关赔偿责任限制的规定。 Article 133 If an action is brought against a servant or agent of the carrier arising out of damage during air transport, such servant or agent, if it proves that he acted within the scope of his employment, shall be entitled to avail himself of the limits of liability as provided in Articles 128 and 129 of this Law.
在前款规定情形下,承运人及其受雇人、代理人的赔偿总额不得超过法定的赔偿责任限额。 The aggregate of the amounts recoverable from the carrier, his servants and agents, in the case provided in the preceding paragraph, shall not exceed the legal limits of liability.
经证明,航空运输中的损失是由于承运人的受雇人、代理人的故意或者明知可能造成损失而轻率地作为或者不作为造成的,不适用本条第一款和第二款的规定。 The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall not apply if it is proved that the damage in air transport resulted from an act or omission of the servant or agent of the carrier done with intent to cause damage or recklessly and with knowledge that damage would probably result.
第一百三十四条 旅客或者收货人收受托运行李或者货物而未提出异议,为托运行李或者货物已经完好交付并与运输凭证相符的初步证据。 Article 134 Receipt by the passenger of checked baggage or receipt of cargo by the consignee without complaint shall be prima facie evidence that the same have been delivered in good condition and in accordance with the document of transport.
托运行李或者货物发生损失的,旅客或者收货人应当在发现损失后向承运人提出异议。托运行李发生损失的,至迟应当自收到托运行李之日起七日内提出;货物发生损失的,至迟应当自收到货物之日起十四日内提出。 In the case of damage to checked baggage or cargo, the passenger or consignee must complain to the carrier forthwith after the discovery of the damage, and at the latest, within seven days from the date of receipt in the case of checked baggage and fourteen days from the date of receipt in the case of cargo.
托运行李或者货物发生延误的,至迟应当自托运行李或者货物交付旅客或者收货人处置之日起二十一日内提出。 In the case of delay the complaint must be made at the latest within twenty-one days from the date on which the checked baggage or cargo have been placed at the disposition of the passenger or consignee.
任何异议均应当在前款规定的期间内写在运输凭证上或者另以书面提出。 Every complaint must be made in writing upon the document of transport or by separate notice dispatched within the periods prescribed in the preceding paragraph.
除承运人有欺诈行为外,旅客或者收货人未在本条第二款规定的期间内提出异议的,不能向承运人提出索赔诉讼。 Failing complaint within the periods provided in paragraph 2 of this Article, the passenger or consignee shall be deprived of the right to claim compensation from the carrier, save in the case of fraud on the part of the carrier.
第一百三十五条 航空运输的诉讼时效期间为二年,自民用航空器到达目的地点、应当到达目的地点或者运输终止之日起计算。 Article 135 The time for bringing up an action concerning air transport is limited to two years, reckoned from the date of arrival of civil aircraft at the destination, or from the date on which the civil aircraft ought to have arrived, or from the date on which the transport stopped.
第一百三十六条 由几个航空承运人办理的连续运输,接受旅客、行李或者货物的每一个承运人应当受本法规定的约束,并就其根据合同办理的运输区段作为运输合同的订约一方。 Article 136 In the case of transport to be performed by various successive carriers, each carrier who accepts passengers, baggage or cargo shall be subject to the provisions of this Law, and shall be deemed to be one of the contracting parties to the contract of transport in so far as that part of the transport is concerned which is performed by it in accordance with the contract.
对前款规定的连续运输,除合同明文约定第一承运人应当对全程运输承担责任外,旅客或者其继承人只能对发生事故或者延误的运输区段的承运人提起诉讼。 In the case of transport of this nature, the passenger or his successor can take action only against the carrier who performed the part of transport during which the accident or the delay occurred, save in the case where, by express agreement, the first carrier shall assume liability for the whole journey.
托运行李或者货物的毁灭、遗失、损坏或者延误,旅客或者托运人有权对第一承运人提起诉讼,旅客或者收货人有权对最后承运人提起诉讼,旅客、托运人和收货人均可以对发生毁灭、遗失、损坏或者延误的运输区段的承运人提起诉讼。 As regards checked baggage or cargo, the passenger or shipper shall have the right of action against the first carrier, and the passenger or consignee shall have the right of action against the last carrier, and further, each may take action against the carrier who performed the part of transport during which the destruction, loss, damage, or delay took place.
上述承运人应当对旅客、托运人或者收货人承担连带责任。 These carriers shall be jointly and severally liable to the passenger or to the shipper or consignee.
第四节 实际承运人履行航空运输的特别规定 Section 4 Special Provisions Governing Air Transport Performed by Ac Carrier
第一百三十七条 本节所称缔约承运人,是指以本人名义与旅客或者托运人,或者与旅客或者托运人的代理人,订立本章调整的航空运输合同的人。 Article 137 Contracting carrier referred to in this Section means any person who has concluded a contract of transport by air subject to the regulations of this Chapter in his own name with a passenger or a shipper, or with the agent of a passenger or of a shipper.
本节所称实际承运人,是指根据缔约承运人的授权,履行前款全部或者部分运输的人,不是指本章规定的连续承运人; Actual carrier referred to in this Section means any person to whom the performance of the whole or part of the transport referred to in the preceding paragraph has been authorized by the contracting carrier, and who is not the successive carrier as provided in this Chapter;
在没有相反证明时,此种授权被认为是存在的。 in the absence of a proof to the contrary, such authorization is deemed to be in existence.
第一百三十八条 除本节另有规定外,缔约承运人和实际承运人都应当受本章规定的约束。缔约承运人应当对合同约定的全部运输负责。 Article 138 Both the contracting carrier and the actual carrier shall, except as otherwise provided in this Section, be subject to the provisions of this Chapter. The contracting carrier shall be responsible for the whole of the transport contemplated in the contract.
实际承运人应当对其履行的运输负责。 The actual carrier shall be responsible for the transport which he performs.
第一百三十九条 实际承运人的作为和不作为,实际承运人的受雇人、代理人在受雇、代理范围内的作为和不作为,关系到实际承运人履行的运输的,应当视为缔约承运人的作为和不作为。 Article 139 The acts and omissions of an actual carrier and of his servants and agents acting within the scope of their employment shall, in relation to the transport performed by the actual carrier, be deemed to be also those of the contracting carrier.
缔约承运人的作为和不作为,缔约承运人的受雇人、代理人在受雇、代理范围内的作为和不作为,关系到实际承运人履行的运输的,应当视为实际承运人的作为和不作为; The acts and omissions of the contracting carrier and of his servants and agents acting within the scope of their employment shall, in relation to the transport performed by the actual carrier, be deemed to be also those of the actual carrier.
但是,实际承运人承担的责任不因此种作为或者不作为而超过法定的赔偿责任限额。 Nevertheless, no such act or omission shall subject the actual carrier to liability exceeding the legal limits.
任何有关缔约承运人承担本章未规定的义务或者放弃本章赋予的权利的特别协议,或者任何有关依照本法第一百二十八条、第一百二十九条规定所作的在目的地点交付时利益的特别声明,除经实际承运人同意外,均不得影响实际承运人。 Any special agreement under which the contracting carrier concerned assumes obligations not imposed by this Chapter or waives the rights conferred by this Chapter or any special declaration of interest in delivery at destination contemplated in Articles 128 and 129 of this Law, shall not affect the actual carrier unless agreed by him.
第一百四十条 依照本章规定提出的索赔或者发出的指示,无论是向缔约承运人还是向实际承运人提出或者发出的,具有同等效力; Article 140 Any claim to be made or order to be given under the provisions of this Chapter shall have equal effect whether addressed to the contracting carrier or to the actual carrier.
但是,本法第一百一十九条规定的指示,只在向缔约承运人发出时,方有效。 Nevertheless, orders referred to in Article 119 of this Law shall only be effective if addressed to the contracting carrier.
第一百四十一条 实际承运人的受雇人、代理人或者缔约承运人的受雇人、代理人,证明他是在受雇、代理范围内行事的,就实际承运人履行的运输而言,有权援用本法第一百二十八条、第一百二十九条有关赔偿责任限制的规定,但是依照本法规定不得援用赔偿责任限制规定的除外。 Article 141 In relation to the transport performed by the actual carrier, any servant or agent of that carrier or of the contracting carrier shall, if he proves that he acted within the scope of his employment, be entitled to avail himself of the provisions of Articles 128 and 129 of this Law concerning the limits of liability, unless he acted in a manner which, under the provisions of this Law, prevents the limits of liability from being invoked.
第一百四十二条 对于实际承运人履行的运输,实际承运人、缔约承运人以及他们的在受雇、代理范围内行事的受雇人、代理人的赔偿总额不得超过依照本法得以从缔约承运人或者实际承运人获得赔偿的最高数额;但是,其中任何人都不承担超过对他适用的赔偿责任限额。 Article 142 In relation to the transport performed by the actual carrier, the aggregate of the amounts recoverable from that carrier and the contracting carrier, and from their servants and agents acting within the scope of their employment, shall not exceed the highest amount which could be awarded against either the contracting carrier or the actual carrier under this Law, but none of the persons mentioned shall be liable for a sum in excess of the limit of liability applicable to him.
第一百四十三条 对实际承运人履行的运输提起的诉讼,可以分别对实际承运人或者缔约承运人提起,也可以同时对实际承运人和缔约承运人提起; Article 143 In relation to the transport performed by the actual carrier, an action may be brought against that carrier or the contracting carrier separately, or against both together;
被提起诉讼的承运人有权要求另一承运人参加应诉。 the carrier against whom an action has been brought shall have the right to require the other carrier to join in the proceedings.
第一百四十四条 除本法第一百四十三条规定外,本节规定不影响实际承运人和缔约承运人之间的权利、义务。 Article 144 Except as provided in Article 143 of this Law, nothing in this Section shall affect the rights and obligations between the actual carrier and the contracting carrier.
第十章 通用航空 Chapter X General Aviation
第一百四十五条 通用航空,是指使用民用航空器从事公共航空运输以外的民用航空活动,包括从事工业、农业、林业、渔业和建筑业的作业飞行以及医疗卫生、抢险救灾、气象探测、海洋监测、科学实验、教育训练、文化体育等方面的飞行活动。 Article 145 General aviation means civil aviation operations other than public air transport with civil aircraft, including aerial work in the fields of industry, agriculture, forestry, fishery and building industry, and flight operations in the fields of medical and health work, emergency and disaster relief, meteorological service, ocean monitoring, scientific experiment, education and training, culture and sports.
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