中华人民共和国民用航空法

帅哥

中华人民共和国民用航空法
Civil Aviation Law of the People's Republic of China

第一章 总 则
Chapter IGeneral Provisions

第二章 民用航空器国籍
Chapter II Nationality of Civil Aircraft

第三章 民用航空器权利
chapter III Rights of Civil Aircraft

第一节 一般规定
Section 1 Basic Principles

第二节 民用航空器所有权和抵押权
Section 2 Ownership and Mortgage of Civil Aircraft

第三节 民用航空器优先权
Section 3 Civil Aircraft Liens

第四节 民用航空器租赁
Section 4 Lease of Civil Aircraft

第四章 民用航空器适航管理
Chapter IV Airworthiness Management of Civil Aircraft

第五章 航空人员
Chapter V Airmen

第一节 一般规定
Section 1 Basic Principles

第二节 机组
Section 2 Crew

第六章 民用机场
Chapter VI Civil Airport

第七章 空中航行
Chapter VII Air Navigation

第一节 空域管理
Section 1 Airspace Management

第二节 飞行管理
Section 2 Flight Management

第三节 飞行保障
Section 3 Flight Support

第四节 飞行必备文件
Section 4 Essential Documents for Flight

第八章 公共航空运输企业
Chapter VIII Public Air Transport Enterprise

第九章 公共航空运输
Chapter IX Public Air Transport

第一节 一般规定
Section 1 Basic Principles

第二节 运输凭证
Section 2 Transport Documents

第三节 承运人的责任
Section 3 Liability of the Carrier

第四节 实际承运人履行航空运输的特别规定
Section 4 Special Provisions Governing Air Transport Performed by Actual Carrier

第十章 通用航空
Chapter X General Aviation

第十一章 搜寻援救和事故调查
Chapter XI Search and Rescue and Accident Investigation

第十二章 对地面第三人损害的赔偿责任
Chapter XII Liability for Damage to Third Parties on the Surface

第十三章 对外国民用航空器的特别规定
Chapter XIII Special Provisions Governing Foreign Civil Aircraft

第十四章 涉外关系的法律适用
Chapter XIV Application of Law to Foreign-related Matters

第十五章 法律责任
Chapter XV Legal Liability

第十六章 附则
Chapter XVI Supplementary Provisions

第一章 总则
Chapter I General Provisions

第一条 为了维护国家的领空主权和民用航空权利，保障民用航空活动安全和有秩序地进行，保护民用航空活动当事人各方的合法权益，促进民用航空事业的发展，制定本法。
Article 1 This Law is enacted with a view to safeguarding the national sove- reignty of territorial airspace and the rights of civil aviation, to ensuring the conduct of civil aviation activities in a safe and orderly manner, to protecting the lawful rights and interests of the parties concerned in civil aviation activities, and to promoting the development of civil aviation industry.

第二条 中华人民共和国的领陆和领水之上的空域为中华人民共和国航空。
Article 2 The airspace above the land territory and territorial waters of the People's Republic of China is the territorial airspace of the People's Republic of China.

中华人民共和国对领空享有完全的、排他的主权。
The People's Republic of China has complete and exclusive sovereignty over its territorial airspace.

第三条 国务院民用航空主管部门对全国民用航空活动实施统一监督管理；根据法律和国务院的决定，在本部门的权限内，发布有关民用航空活动的规定、决定。
Article 3 The competent civil aviation authority under the State Council exercises unified supervision and administration over civil aviation activities in the whole country; issues regulations and decisions concerning civil aviation activities within the scope of its authority in accordance with laws and the decisions of the State Council.

国务院民用航空主管部门设立的地区民用航空管理机构依照国务院民用航空主管部门的授权，监督管理各该地区的民用航空活动。
The regional civil aviation administrative organs set up by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council supervise and administer the civil aviation activities in their respective regions in accordance with the authorizations of the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

第四条 国家扶持民用航空事业的发展，鼓励和支持发展民用航空的科学研究和教育事业，提高民用航空科学技术水平。
Article 4 The State supports the development of civil aviation industry, and encourages and supports the progress of scientific research and education in the field of civil aviation and the improvement of civil aviation science and technology.

国家扶持民用航空器制造业的发展，为民用航空活动提供安全、先进、经济、适用的民用航空器。
The State supports the development of civil aircraft manufacturing industry so as to provide safe, advanced, economical and suitable civil aircraft for civil aviation activities.

第二章 民用航空器国籍
Chapter II Nationality of Civil Aircraft

第五条 本法所称民用航空器，是指除用于执行军事、海关、警察飞行任务外的航空器。
Article 5   Civil aircraft   as referred to in this Law means aircraft other than those used in flight missions of military, customs and police services.

第六条 经中华人民共和国国务院民用航空主管部门依法进行国籍登记的民用航空器，具有中华人民共和国国籍，由国务院民用航空主管部门发给国籍登记证书。
Article 6 A civil aircraft that has performed its nationality registration with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council of the People's Republic of China according to law has the nationality of the People's Republic of China, and shall be issued a nationality registration certificate by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

国务院民用航空主管部门设立中华人民共和国民用航空器国籍登记簿，统一记载民用航空器的国籍登记事项。
The competent civil aviation authority under the State Council shall set up a Civil Aircraft Nationality Register of the People's Republic of China to exclusively record matters concerning nationality registration of civil aircraft.

第七条 下列民用航空器应当进行中华人民共和国国籍登记：
Article 7 The following civil aircraft shall perform the nationality registration of the People's Republic of China:

（一）中华人民共和国国家机构的民用航空器；
(1) The civil aircraft of a State organ of the People's Republic of China;

（二）依照中华人民共和国法律设立的企业法人的民用航空器；企业法人的注册资本中有外商出资的，其机构设置、人员组成和中方投资人的出资比例，应当符合行政法规的规定；
(2) The civil aircraft of a corporate enterprise set up in accordance with the law of the People's Republic of China; if such corporate enterprise has foreign investment in its registered capital, its organizational structure and composition of personnel, and the proportion of contribution of Chinese investor shall conform to the provisions of administrative rules and regulations; and

（三）国务院民用航空主管部门准予登记的其他民用航空器。
(3) Other civil aircraft, the registration of which is approved by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

自境外租赁的民用航空器，承租人符合前款规定，该民用航空器的机组人员由承租人配备的，可以申请登记中华人民共和国国籍，但是必须先予注销该民用航空器原国籍登记。
Where a civil aircraft was leased from abroad, the lessee being in conformity with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, and the crew of the civil aircraft is provided by the lessee, the latter may apply for the nationality registration of the People's Republic of China, provided that the original nationality registration of such aircraft has been cancelled.

第八条 依法取得中华人民共和国国籍的民用航空器，应当标明规定的国籍标志和登记标志。
Article 8 A civil aircraft which has acquired the nationality of the People's Republic of China according to law shall display the specified nationality mark and registration mark.

第九条 民用航空器不得具有双重国籍。未注销外国国籍的民用航空器不得在中华人民共和国申请国籍登记。
Article 9 A civil aircraft shall not possess dual nationality. Application for the nationality registration of the People's Republic of China shall not be filed for a civil aircraft which has not cancelled its nationality of a foreign country.

第三章 民用航空器权利 第一节 一般规定
Chapter III Rights of Civil Aircraft Section 1 Basic Principles

第十条 本章规定的对民用航空器的权利，包括对民用航空器构架、发动机、螺旋桨、无线电设备和其他一切为了在民用航空器上使用的，无论安装于其上或者暂时拆离的物品的权利。
Article 10 The rights to a civil aircraft as referred to in this Chapter include the rights to the airframe, engines, propellers, radio apparatus of the civil aircraft and all other articles intended for use in such civil aircraft, no matter whether they are installed thereon or separated temporarily therefrom.

第十一条 民用航空器权利人应当就下列权利分别向国务院民用航空主管部门办理权利登记：
Article 11 The person entitled to the rights of a civil aircraft shall register the following rights respectively with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council:

（一）民用航空器所有权；
(1) The ownership of the civil aircraft;

（二）通过购买行为取得并占有民用航空器的权利；
(2) The right for the acquisition and possession of the civil aircraft through an act of purchase;

（三）根据租赁期限为六个月以上的租赁合同占有民用航空器的权利；
(3) The right to possess the civil aircraft in accordance with a lease contract covering a lease term of six months or over; and

（四）民用航空器抵押权。
(4) Mortgage of the civil aircraft.

第十二条 国务院民用航空主管部门设立民用航空器权利登记簿。同一民用航空器的权利登记事项应当记载于同一权利登记簿中。
Article 12 A register of the rights of civil aircraft shall be maintained by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council. Matters registered concerning the rights of one and the same civil aircraft shall be recorded in the same register of rights.

民用航空器权利登记事项，可以供公众查询、复制或者摘录。
Matters registered concerning the rights of civil aircraft may be made available to the public for inquiry, reproduction or extraction.

第十三条 除民用航空器经依法强制拍卖外，在已经登记的民用航空器权利得到补偿或者民用航空器权利人同意之前，民用航空器的国籍登记或者权利登记不得转移至国外。
Article 13 Unless a civil aircraft was the subject of a forced auction sale in accordance with the law, the nationality registration of such civil aircraft or the registration of rights thereof shall not be transferred abroad before the registered rights of such aircraft are compensated or before the consent of the person entitled to the aforesaid rights is given.

第二节 民用航空器所有权和抵押权
Section 2 Ownership and Mortgage of Civil Aircraft

第十四条 民用航空器所有权的取得、转让和消灭，应当向国务院民用航空主管部门登记；未经登记的，不得对抗第三人。
Article 14 The acquisition, transference and extinction of the ownership of a civil aircraft shall be registered with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council; no acquisition, transference or extinction of the ownership of the civil aircraft shall act against a third party unless registered.

民用航空器所有权的转让，应当签订书面合同。
The transference of the ownership of a civil aircraft shall be made by a contract in writing.

第十五条 国家所有的民用航空器，由国家授予法人经营管理或者使用的，本法有关民用航空器所有人的规定适用于该法人。
Article 15 Where a State-owned civil aircraft is authorized by the State to be operated, administered or utilized by a legal person, the provisions of this Law concerning the owner of civil aircraft shall be applicable to such legal person.

第十六条 设定民用航空器抵押权，由抵押权人和抵押人共同向国务院民用航空主管部门办理抵押权登记；未经登记的，不得对抗第三人。
Article 16 The mortgage of a civil aircraft shall be established by registering the mortgage of the civil aircraft with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council jointly by the mortgagee and the mortgagor; no mortgage may act against a third party unless registered.

第十七条 民用航空器抵押权设定后，未经抵押权人同意，抵押人不得将被抵押民用航空器转让他人。
Article 17 Once a mortgage is established on a civil aircraft, the ownership of the mortgaged civil aircraft shall not be transferred without the consent of the mortgagee.

第三节 民用航空器优先权
Section 3 Civil Aircraft Liens

第十八条 民用航空器优先权，是指债权人依照本法第十九条规定，向民用航空器所有人、承租人提出赔偿请求，对产生该赔偿请求的民用航空器具有优先受偿的权利。
Article 18 A civil aircraft lien is the right of the claimant, subject to the provisions of Article 19 of this Law, to take priority in compensation against the owner and lessee of the civil aircraft with respect to the civil aircraft which gave rise to the said claim.

第十九条 下列各项债权具有民用航空器优先权：
Article 19 The following obligatory rights shall be entitled to civil aircraft liens:

（一）援救该民用航空器的报酬；
(1) Remuneration for rescuing the civil aircraft; and

（二）保管维护该民用航空器的必需费用。
(2) Necessary expenses incurred for the custody of the civil aircraft.

前款规定的各项债权，后发生的先受偿。
With respect to the obligatory rights specified in the preceding paragraph, that arising later shall be satisfied first.

第二十条 本法第十九条规定的民用航空器优先权，其债权人应当自援救或者保管维护工作终了之日起三个月内，就其债权向国务院民用航空主管部门登记。
Article 20 The creditor of the civil aircraft liens specified in Article 19 of this Law shall register his obligatory rights with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council within three months commencing from the date of the end of rescue or custody.

第二十一条 为了债权人的共同利益，在执行人民法院判决以及拍卖过程中产生的费用，应当从民用航空器拍卖所得价款中先行拨付。
Article 21 For the common interests of creditors, the expenses incurred in enforcing the decision of the People's Court and in the course of auction sale shall be deducted and paid first from the proceeds of the auction sale of the civil aircraft.

第二十二条 民用航空器优先权先于民用航空器抵押权受偿。
Article 22 A civil aircraft lien shall have priority over the mortgage of a civil aircraft.

帅哥

第二十三条 本法第十九条规定的债权转移的，其民用航空器优先权随之转移。
Article 23 Where the obligatory rights provided in Article 19 of this Law are transferred, the civil aircraft liens attached thereto shall be transferred accordingly.

第二十四条 民用航空器优先权应当通过人民法院扣押产生优先权的民用航空器行使。
Article 24 A civil aircraft lien shall be enforced by the People's Court by arresting the civil aircraft that gave rise to the said civil aircraft lien.

第二十五条 民用航空器优先权自援救或者保管维护工作终了之日起满三个月时终止；但是，债权人就其债权已经依照本法第二十条规定登记，并具有下列情形之一的除外：
Article 25 A civil aircraft lien shall be terminated at the expiry of three months commencing from the date of the end of rescue or custody; except that the creditor has registered his obligatory rights according to the provisions of Article 20 of this Law and that the case is under one of the following circumstances:

（一）债权人、债务人已经就此项债权的金额达成协议；
(1) The creditor and debtor have reached agreement on the amount of the said obligatory rights; or

（二）有关此项债权的诉讼已经开始。
(2) The legal action concerning the obligatory rights has started.

民用航空器优先权不因民用航空器所有权的转让而消灭；但是，民用航空器经依法强制拍卖的除外。
A civil aircraft lien shall not be extinguished because of the transference of the ownership of the civil aircraft; except that the civil aircraft was the subject of a forced auction sale in accordance with law.

第四节 民用航空器租赁
Section 4 Lease of Civil Aircraft

第二十六条 民用航空器租赁合同，包括融资租赁合同和其他租赁合同，应当以书面形式订立。
Article 26 A civil aircraft lease contract, including financing lease contract and other lease contracts, shall be made in writing.

第二十七条 民用航空器的融资租赁，是指出租人按照承租人对供货方和民用航空器的选择，购得民用航空器，出租给承租人使用，由承租人定期交纳租金。
Article 27 The   financing lease of civil aircraft   means that the lessor acquires a civil aircraft pursuant to the selection of the lessee with respect to supplier and civil aircraft, and leases it to the lessee, who shall pay rental periodically.

第二十八条 融资租赁期间，出租人依法享有民用航空器所有权，承租人依法享有民用航空器的占有、使用、收益权。
Article 28 During the period of financing lease, the lessor shall be legally entitled to the ownership of the civil aircraft, and the lessee shall be legally entitled to the rights of possession, utilization and earnings of the civil aircraft.

第二十九条 融资租赁期间，出租人不得干扰承租人依法占有、使用民用航空器；承租人应当适当地保管民用航空器，使之处于原交付时的状态，但是合理损耗和经出租人同意的对民用航空器的改变除外。
Article 29 During the period of financing lease, the lessor shall ensure the lessee to possess and use the civil aircraft without interference; the lessee shall take proper care of the civil aircraft and keep it in the condition in which it was delivered, subject to fair wear and tear and to any modification of the civil aircraft agreed by the lessor.

第三十条 融资租赁期满，承租人应当将符合本法第二十九条规定状态的民用航空器退还出租人；但是，承租人依照合同行使购买民用航空器的权利或者为继续租赁而占有民用航空器的除外。
Article 30 When the financing lease contract comes to an end, the lessee, unless exercising a right to purchase the civil aircraft or to hold the civil aircraft on lease for a further period in accordance with the contract, shall return the civil aircraft to the lessor in the condition specified in Article 29 of this Law.

第三十一条 民用航空器融资租赁中的供货方，不就同一损害同时对出租人和承租人承担责任。
Article 31 The supplier in the financing lease of a civil aircraft shall not be liable to both the lessor and the lessee at the same time in respect of the same damage.

第三十二条 融资租赁期间，经出租人同意，在不损害第三人利益的情况下，承租人可以转让其对民用航空器的占有权或者租赁合同约定的其他权利。
Article 32 During the period of financing lease, the lessee may transfer the right of the possession of the civil aircraft as well as other rights under the lease contract only with the consent of the lessor and without jeopardizing the interests of third parties.

第三十三条 民用航空器的融资租赁和租赁期限为六个月以上的其他租赁，承租人应当就其对民用航空器的占有权向国务院民用航空主管部门办理登记；未经登记的，不得对抗第三人。
Article 33 In the case of a financing lease, or other leases covering a period of six months or longer, the lessee shall register his right of possession of the civil aircraft with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council; no such lease may act against a third party unless registered.

第四章 民用航空器适航管理
Chapter IV Airworthiness Management of Civil Aircraft

第三十四条 设计民用航空器及其发动机、螺旋桨和民用航空器上设备，应当向国务院民用航空主管部门申请领取型号合格证书。经审查合格的，发给型号合格证书。
Article 34 Application shall be filed with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for type certificate for the designing of civil aircraft and its engines, propellers and on-board equipment. A type certificate shall be issued accordingly if found qualified through examination.

第三十五条 生产、维修民用航空器及其发动机、螺旋桨和民用航空器上设备，应当向国务院民用航空主管部门申请领取生产许可证书、维修许可证书。经审查合格的，发给相应的证书。
Article 35 Application shall be filed with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for production certificate and maintenance certificate for the production and maintenance of civil aircraft and its engines, propellers and on-board equipment. A corresponding certificate or certificates shall be issued accordingly if found qualified through examination.

第三十六条 外国制造人生产的任何型号的民用航空器及其发动机、螺旋桨和民用航空器上设备，首次进口中国的，该外国制造人应当向国务院民用航空主管部门申请领取型号认可证书。经审查合格的，发给型号认可证书。
Article 36 Where a civil aircraft and its engines, propellers and on-board equipment produced by a foreign manufacturer are imported into China for the first time, such foreign manufacturer shall file an application with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for type validation certificate. A type validation certificate shall be issued if found qualified through examination.

已取得外国颁发的型号合格证书的民用航空器及其发动机、螺旋桨和民用航空器上设备，首次在中国境内生产的，该型号合格证书的持有人应当向国务院民用航空主管部门申请领取型号认可证书。经审查合格的，发给型号认可证书。
Where a civil aircraft and its engines, propellers and on-board equipment, for which a type certificate has been issued in a foreign country, are produced for the first time in China, the holder of the type certificate shall file an application with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for type validation certificate. A type validation certificate shall be issued if found qualified through examination.

第三十七条 具有中华人民共和国国籍的民用航空器，应当持有国务院民用航空主管部门颁发的适航证书，方可飞行。
Article 37 A civil aircraft possessing the nationality of the People's Republic of China may fly only if it holds an airworthiness certificate issued by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

出口民用航空器及其发动机、螺旋桨和民用航空器上设备，制造人应当向国务院民用航空主管部门申请领取出口适航证书。经审查合格的，发给出口适航证书。
Application shall be filed with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council by the manufacturer for export airworthiness certificate with respect to the export of civil aircraft and its engines, propellers and on-board equipment. An export airworthiness certificate shall be issued if found qualified through examination.

租用的外国民用航空器，应当经国务院民用航空主管部门对其原国籍登记国发给的适航证书审查认可或者另发适航证书，方可飞行。
A foreign civil aircraft on lease may fly only after the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council has examined and rendered valid its airworthiness certificate issued by the State in which the nationality of such aircraft was originally registered, or has issued a new airworthiness certificate therefor.

民用航空器适航管理规定，由国务院制定。
The regulations for the airworthiness of civil air-craft shall be formulated by the State Council.

第三十八条 民用航空器的所有人或者承租人应当按照适航证书规定的使用范围使用民用航空器，做好民用航空器的维修保养工作，保证民用航空器处于适航状态。
Article 38 The owner and lessee of a civil aircraft shall use the aircraft in accordance with the scope of use prescribed in airworthiness certificate, conscientiously carry out the maintenance of the aircraft and ensure its airworthiness.

第五章 航空人员　第一节　一般规定
Chapter V Airmen Section 1 Basic Principles

第三十九条 本法所称航空人员，是指下列从事民用航空活动的空勤人员和地面人员：
Article 39 The   airmen   as referred to in this Law means the following flight personnel and ground personnel engaged in civil aviation activities:

（一）空勤人员，包括驾驶员、领航员、飞行机械人员、飞行通信员、乘务员；
(1) Flight personnel, including pilots, navigators, flight engineers, flight radio operators and cabin attendants; and

（二）地面人员，包括民用航空器维修人员、空中交通管制员、飞行签派员、航空电台通信员。
(2) Ground personnel, including civil aircraft maintenance personnel, air traffic controllers, flight dispatchers and aeronautical radio station operators.

第四十条 航空人员应当接受专门训练，经考核合格，取得国务院民用航空主管部门颁发的执照，方可担任其执照载明的工作。
Article 40 An airman may perform the duty specified in his licence only if he has received professional training, and has been qualified through examination and issued a licence by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

空勤人员和空中交通管制员在取得执照前，还应当接受国务院民用航空主管部门认可的体格检查单位的检查，并取得国务院民用航空主管部门颁发的体格检查合格证书。
Flight personnel and air traffic controllers shall, before obtaining licences, also be subject to the check of the physical examination unit approved by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council, and obtain the physical examination certificate issued by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

第四十一条 空勤人员在执行飞行任务时，应当随身携带执照和体格检查合格证书，并接受国务院民用航空主管部门的查验。
Article 41 Flight personnel shall, in performing flight missions, carry on their persons licences and physical examination certificates and be subject to the check of the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

第四十二条 航空人员应当接受国务院民用航空主管部门定期或者不定期的检查和考核；经检查、考核合格的，方可继续担任其执照载明的工作。
Article 42 Airmen shall be subject to the periodical or non-periodical inspection and examination of the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council. Only those qualified in inspection and examination may continue to perform the duties specified in their licences.

空勤人员还应当参加定期的紧急程序训练。
Flight personnel shall also take part in periodical training of emergency procedures.

空勤人员间断飞行的时间超过国务院民用航空主管部门规定时限的，应当经过检查和考核；乘务员以外的空勤人员还应当经过带飞。
Flight personnel who have exceeded the time limit of interruption in flight prescribed by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council shall be subject to inspection and examination; with the exception of cabin attendants, flight personnel shall also go through instruction flight.

经检查、考核、带飞合格的，方可继续担任其执照载明的工作。
Only those qualified through inspection, examination and instruction flight may continue to perform the duties specified in their licences.

第二节 机组
Section 2 Crew

第四十三条 民用航空器机组由机长和其他空勤人员组成。
Article 43 The crew of a civil aircraft is composed of a pilot-in-command and other flight personnel.

机长应当由具有独立驾驶该型号民用航空器的技术和经验的驾驶员担任。
The pilot-in-command shall be a pilot possessing the technique and experience of independently piloting that type of civil aircraft.

机组的组成和人员数额，应当符合国务院民用航空主管部门的规定。
The composition of a crew and the number of its members shall conform to the regulations of the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

第四十四条 民用航空器的操作由机长负责，机长应当严格履行职责，保护民用航空器及其所载人员和财产的安全。
Article 44 The pilot-in-command is responsible for the operation of the civil aircraft, and shall strictly perform his duties to protect the safety of the civil aircraft and persons and property carried therein.

机长在其职权范围内发布的命令，民用航空器所载人员都应当执行。
Orders issued by the pilot-in-command within the scope of his functions and powers shall be implemented by all the persons carried by the civil aircraft.

帅哥

第四十五条 飞行前，机长应当对民用航空器实施必 的检查；未经检查，不得起飞。
Article 45 The pilot-in-command shall carry out necessary inspection of the civil aircraft before flight; no civil aircraft shall takeoff unless inspected.

机长发现民用航空器、机尝气象条件等不符合规定，不能保证飞行安全的，有权拒绝起飞。
Where and when a pilot-in-command discovers that the civil aircraft, airport and weather conditions do not conform to the requirements prescribed and cannot ensure flight safety, he has the right to refuse takeoff.

第四十六条 飞行中，对于任何破坏民用航空器、扰乱民用航空器内秩序、危害民用航空器所载人员或者财产安全以及其他危及飞行安全的行为，在保证安全的前提下，机长有权采取必要的适当措施。
Article 46 The pilot-in-command has the right to take necessary and appropriate measures in flight, under the prerequisite of ensuring flight safety, against any acts which may destroy the civil aircraft, interfere with the order on board and jeopardize the safety of persons or property therein, and any other acts jeopardizing flight safety.

飞行中，遇到特殊情况时，为保证民用航空器及其所载人员的安全，机长有权对民用航空器作出处置。
In case of extraordinary circumstances in flight, the pilot-in-command shall have authority as to disposition of the civil aircraft so as to ensure the safety of the aircraft and the persons therein.

第四十七条 机长发现机组人员不适宜执行飞行任务的，为保证飞行安全，有权提出调整。
Article 47 The pilot-in-command has the right to ask for a change of crew member(s) in order to ensure flight safety if he discovers that the crew member(s) are not suitable for performing the flight mission.

第四十八条 民用航空器遇险时，机长有权采取一切必要措施，并指挥机组人员和航空器上其他人员采取抢救措施。
Article 48 In case a civil aircraft is in distress, the pilot-in-command has the right to take all necessary measures, and direct the crew members and other persons on board the aircraft to take rescue measures.

在必须撤离遇险民用航空器的紧急情况下，机长必须采取措施，首先组织旅客安全离开民用航空器；
In case of emergency which necessitates evacuation from the civil aircraft in distress, the pilot-in-command must take measures first to organize passengers to leave the civil aircraft safely;

未经机长允许，机组人员不得擅自离开民用航空器；机长应当最后离开民用航空器。
no crew member shall leave the civil aircraft unless authorized by the pilot-in-command; the pilot-in-command shall be the last to leave the aircraft.

第四十九条 民用航空器发生事故，机长应当直接或者通过空中交通管制单位，如实将事故情况及时报告国务院民用航空主管部门。
Article 49 In case an accident occurred to a civil aircraft, the pilot-in-command shall report in time the state of the accident accurately to the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council directly or through air traffic control unit.

第五十条 机长收到船舶或者其他航空器的遇险信号，或者发现遇险的船舶、航空器及其人员，应当将遇险情况及时报告就近的空中交通管制单位并给予可能的合理的援助。
Article 50 When a pilot-in-command received SOS signals from a ship or another aircraft, or discovered a ship or an aircraft and the persons therein in distress, he shall report the state of distress in time to the nearest air traffic control unit and give possible, rational assistance.

第五十一条 飞行中，机长因故不能履行职务的，由仅次于机长职务的驾驶员代理机长；
Article 51 In case a pilot-in-command is unable to perform his duties in flight due to one reason or another, the pilot holding a post next only to him shall act on his behalf;

在下一个经停地起飞前，民用航空器所有人或者承租人应当指派新机长接任。
the owner or lessee of the civil aircraft shall assign a new pilot-in-command to take over before the aircraft takes off at the next place of stop.

第五十二条 只有一名驾驶员，不需配备其他空勤人员的民用航空器，本节对机长的规定，适用于该驾驶员。
Article 52 In the case of a civil aircraft with only one pilot and without the need to have other flight personnel, the provisions of this Section concerning the pilot-in-command shall be applicable to such pilot.

第六章 民用机场
Chapter VI Civil Airport

第五十三条 本法所称民用机场，是指专供民用航空器起飞、降落、滑行、停放以及进行其他活动使用的划定区域，包括附属的建筑物、装置和设施。
Article 53 The   civil airport   as referred to in this Law means a defined area, including any subsidiary buildings, installations and equipment, intended to be used for the takeoff, landing, taxiing, parking and other activities of civil aircraft.

本法所称民用机场不包括临时机场。
The civil airport referred to in this Law does not include temporary airfield.

军民合用机场由国务院、中央军事委员会另行制定管理办法。
The measures for the management of airports used by both military and civil air operations shall be separately formulated by the State Council and the Central Military Commission jointly.

第五十四条 民用机场的建设和使用应当统筹安排、合理布局，提高机场的使用效率。
Article 54 The construction and utilization of civil airports shall be subject to overall arrangement and rational distribution, and the efficiency of airport utilization shall be raised.

全国民用机场的布局和建设规划，由国务院民用航空主管部门会同国务院其他有关部门制定，并按照国家规定的程序，经批准后组织实施。
The plan of distribution and construction of civil airports in the whole country shall be formulated jointly by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council and other departments concerned under the State Council, and shall be implemented after being approved in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the State.

盛自治区、直辖市人民政府应当根据全国民用机场的布局和建设规划，制定本行政区域内的民用机场建设规划，并按照国家规定的程序报经批准后，将其纳入本级国民经济和社会发展规划。
The People's Governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall formulate the civil airport construction plans of their own administrative areas on the basis of the national plan of civil airport distribution and construction, and incorporate such plans into the national economic and social development programs at their respective levels after being approved in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the State.

第五十五条 民用机场建设规划应当与城市建设规划相协调。
Article 55 The civil airport construction plan shall be coordinated with city construction planning.

第五十六条 新建、改建和扩建民用机场，应当符合依法制定的民用机场布局和建设规划，符合民用机场标准，并按照国家规定报经有关主管机关批准并实施。
Article 56 The construction, modification and extension of a civil airport shall conform to the plan of civil airport distribution and construction formulated according to law and to the standards of civil airport, and shall be subject to the approval of the competent authority concerned and implemented in accordance with State regulations.

不符合依法制定的民用机场布局和建设规划的民用机场建设项目，不得批准。
A construction project of civil airport not conforming to the plan of civil airport distribution and construction formulated according to law shall not be approved.

第五十七条 新建、扩建民用机场，应当由民用机场所在地县级以上地方人民政府发布公告。
Article 57 With respect to the construction and extension of a civil airport, an announcement shall be issued by the local People's Government at or above the county level in the place where the civil airport is located.

前款规定的公告应当在当地主要报纸上刊登，并在拟新建、扩建机场周围地区张贴。
The announcement prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be published in main local newspapers, and posted in areas around the airport to be constructed or extended.

第五十八条 禁止在依法划定的民用机场范围内和按照国家规定划定的机场净空保护区域内从事下列活动：
Article 58 The following activities are prohibited within the limits of civil airport defined according to law and within the airport obstacle clearance protection zone defined according to State regulations:

（一）修建可能在空中排放大量烟雾、粉尘、火焰、废气而影响飞行安全的建筑物或者设施；
(1) The construction of buildings or facilities that will possibly affect flight safety by emitting large amount of smoke, dust, flames and waste gas in the air;

（二）修建靶尝强烈爆炸物仓库等影响飞行安全的建筑物或者设施；
(2) The construction of buildings or facilities that will affect flight safety such as shooting range and storage of strong explosives;

（三）修建不符合机场净空要求的建筑物或者设施；
(3) The construction of buildings or facilities that do not meet the requirements of obstacle clearance of the airport;

（四）设置影响机场目视助航设施使用的灯光、标志或者物体；
(4) The installation of lights, signs or objects that will affect the use of airport visual navaid;

（五）种植影响飞行安全或者影响机场助航设施使用的植物；
(5) The growing of plants that will affect flight safety or affect the use of airport navaid;

（六）饲养、放飞影响飞行安全的鸟类动物和其他物体；
(6) The keeping and setting free of birds and other objects that will affect flight safety; and

（七）修建影响机场电磁环境的建筑物或者设施。
(7) The construction of buildings or facilities that will affect the electromagnetic environment of the airport.

禁止在依法划定的民用机场范围内放养牲畜。
Herding of livestock within the limits of civil airport defined according to law is prohibited.

第五十九条 民用机场新建、扩建的公告发布前，在依法划定的民用机场范围内和按照国家规定划定的机场净空保护区域内存在的可能影响飞行安全的建筑物、构筑物、树木、灯光和其他障碍物体，应当在规定的期限内清除；对由此造成的损失，应当给予补偿或者依法采取其他补救措施。
Article 59 Before the issue of announcement concerning the construction and extension of a civil airport, the buildings, structures, trees, lights and other obstacles existing within the limits of the civil airport defined according to law and within the airport obstacle clearance protection zone defined in accordance with State regulations that might affect flight safety shall be removed within prescribed time limit; the damage caused thereby shall be compensated or other remedial measures shall be taken according to law.

第六十条 民用机场新建、扩建的公告发布后，任何单位和个人违反本法和有关行政法规的规定，在依法划定的民用机场范围内和按照国家规定划定的机场净空保护区域内修建、种植或者设置影响飞行安全的建筑物、构筑物、树木、灯光和其他障碍物体的，由机场所在地县级以上地方人民政府责令清除；
Article 60 After the issue of announcement concerning the construction and extension of a civil airport, the buildings, structures, trees, lights and other obstacles, that affect flight safety, built, planted or put up in violation of this Law and the provisions of relevant administrative rules and regulations by any unit or individual within the limits of the civil airport defined according to law and within the airport obstacle clearance protection zone defined in accordance with State regulations shall be removed by the order of the local People's Government at or above the county level in the place where the airport is located;

由此造成的损失，由修建、种植或者设置该障碍物体的人承担。
the damage caused thereby shall be borne by the person who built, planted or put up such obstacles.

第六十一条 在民用机场及其按照国家规定划定的净空保护区域以外，对可能影响飞行安全的高大建筑物或者设施，应当按照国家有关规定设置飞行障碍灯和标志，并使其保持正常状态。
Article 61 In accordance with the relevant regulations of the State, movement obstacle lights and marks shall be installed on high buildings or facilities, outside the civil airport and its obstacle clearance protection zone defined according to State regulations, that will possibly affect flight safety, and shall be kept in normal condition.

第六十二条 民用机场应当持有机场使用许可证，方可开放使用。
Article 62 A civil airport may be opened to traffic only if it holds an airport operating licence.

民用机场具备下列条件，并按照国家规定经验收合格后，方可申请机场使用许可证：
A civil airport may apply for an airport operating licence if it meets the following conditions and has been checked and accepted as qualified according to State regulations:

（一）具备与其运营业务相适应的飞行区、航站区、工作区以及服务设施和人员；
(1) It has available a movement area, a terminal area, a working area and service facilities and personnel corresponding to its operation;

（二）具备能够保障飞行安全的空中交通管制、通信导航、气象等设施和人员；
(2) It has available air traffic control, communication, navigation and meteorological facilities and personnel that can ensure flight safety;

（三）具备符合国家规定的安全保卫条件；
(3) It has available security protection conditions conforming to State regulations;

（四）具备处理特殊情况的应急计划以及相应的设施和人员；
(4) It has an emergency plan to deal with extraordinary circumstances and corresponding facilities and personnel; and

（五）具备国务院民用航空主管部门规定的其他条件。
(5) It has available other conditions prescribed by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

国际机场还应当具备国际通航条件，设立海关和其他口岸检查机关。
An international airport shall also have the conditions for operating international air transport and be provided with customs and other port inspection organs.

第六十三条 民用机场使用许可证由机场管理机构向国务院民用航空主管部门申请，经国务院民用航空主管部门审查批准后颁发。
Article 63 A civil airport operating licence shall be applied for by airport administrative organ to the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council, and shall be issued after the application being examined and approved by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

第六十四条 设立国际机场，由国务院民用航空主管部门报请国务院审查批准。
Article 64 The establishment of an international airport shall be reported by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for the examination and approval of the State Council.

国际机场的开放使用，由国务院民用航空主管部门对外公告；国际机场资料由国务院民用航空主管部门统一对外提供。
The opening to traffic of an international airport shall be announced to the public by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council; the data of an international airport shall be exclusively provided by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

第六十五条 民用机场应当按照国务院民用航空主管部门的规定，采取措施，保证机场内人员和财产的安全。
Article 65 A civil airport shall take measures to ensure the safety of personnel and property in the airport in accordance with the provisions of the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

第六十六条 供运输旅客或者货物的民用航空器使用的民用机场，应当按照国务院民用航空主管部门规定的标准，设置必要设施，为旅客和货物托运人、收货人提供良好服务。
Article 66 A civil airport used by civil aircraft for the purpose of transporting passengers and cargo shall be equipped with necessary facilities to provide good service to passengers, shippers and consignees in accordance with the standards provided by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

第六十七条 民用机场管理机构应当依照环境保护法律、行政法规的规定，做好机场环境保护工作。
Article 67 A civil airport administrative organ shall protect well the environment of the civil airport in accordance with the provisions of the laws and administrative rules and regulations concerning environmental protection.

第六十八条 民用航空器使用民用机场及其助航设施的，应当缴纳使用费、服务费；使用费、服务费的收费标准，由国务院民用航空主管部门会同国务院财政部门、物价主管部门制定。
Article 68 A user's charge and a service charge shall be paid for the use of civil airport and its navaid by a civil aircraft; the rates of user's charge and service charge shall be formulated jointly by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council and the finance department and the competent authority of prices under the State Council.

第六十九条 民用机场废弃或者改作他用，民用机场管理机构应当依照国家规定办理报批手续。
Article 69 Where a civil airport is abandoned or used for other purposes, the civil airport administrative organ shall go through the formalities of reporting and approval in accordance with State regulations.

第七章 空中航行 第一节 空域管理
Chapter VII Air Navigation Section 1 Airspace Management

第七十条 国家对空域实行统一管理。
Article 70 The State exercises unified management over the airspace.

第七十一条 划分空域，应当兼顾民用航空和国防安全的需要以及公众的利益，使空域得到合理、充分、有效的利用。
Article 71 In delineating the airspace, consideration shall be given to the requirements of both civil aviation and the security of national defence and to public interest for the rational, full and effective utilization of the airspace.

第七十二条 空域管理的具体办法，由国务院、中央军事委员会制定。
Article 72 The specific measures for airspace management shall be formulated jointly by the State Council and the Central Military Commission.

第二节 飞行管理
Section 2 Flight Management

第七十三条 在一个划定的管制空域内，由一个空中交通管制单位负责该空域内的航空器的空中交通管制。
Article 73 Responsibility for the control of aircraft operating within a defined, controlled airspace shall be vested in a single air traffic control unit.

第七十四条 民用航空器在管制空域内进行飞行活动，应当取得空中交通管制单位的许可。
Article 74 The approval of an air traffic control unit shall be obtained for a civil aircraft to conduct flight activities in a controlled airspace.

第七十五条 民用航空器应当按照空中交通管制单位指定的航路和飞行高度飞行；
Article 75 A civil aircraft in flight shall follow the air route and fly at the altitude specified by the air traffic control unit;

因故确需偏离指定的航路或者改变飞行高度飞行的，应当取得空中交通管制单位的许可。
permission shall be obtained from the air traffic control unit if a deviation from the air route or a change in flight altitude specified is necessary for one reason or another.

第七十六条 在中华人民共和国境内飞行的航空器，必须遵守统一的飞行规则。
Article 76 Aircraft flying in the territory of the People's Republic of China must observe unified rules of the air.

进行目视飞行的民用航空器，应当遵守目视飞行规则，并与其他航空器、地面障碍物体保持安全距离。
A civil aircraft performing visual flight shall observe visual flight rules and keep a safe separation from other aircraft and ground obstacles.

进行仪表飞行的民用航空器，应当遵守仪表飞行规则。
A civil aircraft performing instrument flight shall observe instrument flight rules.

飞行规则由国务院、中央军事委员会制定。
The rules of the air shall be formulated jointly by the State Council and the Central Military Commission.

第七十七条 民用航空器机组人员的飞行时间、执勤时间不得超过国务院民用航空主管部门规定的时限。
Article 77 No crew member of a civil aircraft shall perform a flight mission if his flight time or time on duty exceeds the time limits prescribed by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

民用航空器机组人员受到酒类饮料、麻醉剂或者其他药物的影响，损及工作能力的，不得执行飞行任务。
No crew member of a civil aircraft shall perform a flight mission if his work capacity is impaired by the effect of alcoholic beverage, narcotic or other drugs.

第七十八条 民用航空器除按照国家规定经特别批准外，不得飞入禁区；
Article 78 No civil aircraft shall fly into a prohibited area unless it is specially approved in accordance with State regulations;

除遵守规定的限制条件外，不得飞入限制区。
no civil aircraft shall fly into a restricted area unless it observes the prescribed conditions of restriction.

前款规定的禁区和限制区，依照国家规定划定。
The prohibited area and restricted area specified in the preceding paragraph are defined in accordance with State regulations.

第七十九条 民用航空器不得飞越城市上空；但是，有下列情形之一的除外：
Article 79 No civil aircraft shall fly across the airspace over a city except in one of the following circumstances:

（一）起飞、降落或者指定的航路所必需的；
(1) It is necessary for takeoff, landing or specified air route;

（二）飞行高度足以使该航空器在发生紧急情况时离开城市上空，而不致危及地面上的人员、财产安全的；
(2) The flight altitude is high enough to permit the civil aircraft to leave the airspace over the city in the event of emergency without undue hazard to persons or property on the surface;

帅哥

（三）按照国家规定的程序获得批准的。
(3) The flight has been approved in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the State.

第八十条 飞行中，民用航空器不得投掷物品；但是，有下列情形之一的除外：
Article 80 Nothing shall be dropped or sprayed from a civil aircraft in flight except in one of the following circumstances:

（一）飞行安全所必需的；
(1) It is indispensable for flight safety; or

（二）执行救助任务或者符合社会公共利益的其他飞行任务所必需的。
(2) It is indispensable for performing a rescue mission or other flight missions conforming to the public interest of the society.

第八十一条 民用航空器未经批准不得飞出中华人民共和国领空。
Article 81 No civil aircraft shall fly out of the territorial airspace of the People's Republic of China unless approved.

对未经批准正在飞离中华人民共和国领空的民用航空器，有关部门有权根据具体情况采取必要措施，予以制止。
Where a civil aircraft is leaving the airspace of the People's Republic of China without authorization, the department concerned has the right to take necessary measures to stop it in accordance with concrete conditions.

第三节 飞行保障
Section 3 Flight Support

第八十二条 空中交通管制单位应当为飞行中的民用航空器提供空中交通服务，包括空中交通管制服务、飞行情报服务和告警服务。
Article 82 An air traffic control unit shall provide air traffic services to civil aircraft in flight, including air traffic control service, flight information service and alerting service.

提供空中交通管制服务，旨在防止民用航空器同航空器、民用航空器同障碍物体相撞，维持并加速空中交通的有秩序的活动。
The purpose of providing air traffic control service is to prevent collisions between civil aircraft and aircraft, and between civil aircraft and obstacles, and maintain and expedite an orderly flow of air traffic.

提供飞行情报服务，旨在提供有助于安全和有效地实施飞行的情报和建议。
The purpose of providing flight information service is to provide advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights.

提供告警服务，旨在当民用航空器需要搜寻援救时，通知有关部门，并根据要求协助该有关部门进行搜寻援救。
The purpose of providing alerting service is to notify appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and assist such organizations as required.

第八十三条 空中交通管制单位发现民用航空器偏离指定航路、迷失航向时，应当迅速采取一切必要措施，使其回归航路。
Article 83 In the event that an air traffic control unit discovers a civil aircraft deviated from its specified air route or lost its course, it shall rapidly take all necessary measures to enable the aircraft to regain course.

第八十四条 航路上应当设置必要的导航、通信、气象和地面监视设备。
Article 84 Necessary navigation, communication, meteorological and ground monitoring equipments shall be installed on the air route.

第八十五条 航路上影响飞行安全的自然障碍物体，应当在航图上标明；
Article 85 The natural obstacles that affect flight safety on air route shall be marked on aeronautical charts;

航路上影响飞行安全的人工障碍物体，应当设置飞行障碍灯和标志，并使其保持正常状态。
flight obstacle lights and marks shall be installed on man-made obstacles that affect flight safety on air route and shall be kept in normal condition.

第八十六条 在距离航路边界三十公里以内的地带，禁止修建靶场和其他可能影响飞行安全的设施；但是，平射轻武器靶场除外。
Article 86 The construction of a shooting range or other facilities that will possibly affect flight safety is prohibited within the area extending 30 kilometers from the edges of an air route, unless it is a shooting range for flat trajectory light weapon.

在前款规定地带以外修建固定的或者临时性对空发射场，应当按照国家规定获得批准；对空发射场的发射方向，不得与航路交叉。
The construction of a fixed or temporary air shooting ground beyond the area prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be subject to approval according to relevant State regulations; the shooting direction of an air shooting range shall not intersect an air route.

第八十七条 任何可能影响飞行安全的活动，应当依法获得批准，并采取确保飞行安全的必要措施，方可进行。
Article 87 Any activity that will possibly affect flight safety may be carried out only after being approved according to law with necessary measures being taken to ensure flight safety.

第八十八条 国务院民用航空主管部门应当依法对民用航空无线电台和分配给民用航空系统使用的专用频率实施管理。
Article 88 The competent civil aviation authority under the State Council shall exercise control over civil aviation radio stations and the special frequencies assigned to be used by civil aviation system according to law.

任何单位或者个人使用的无线电台和其他仪器、装置，不得妨碍民用航空无线电专用频率的正常使用。
No radio station or other instrument and device used by a unit or an individual shall hinder the normal use of civil aviation special radio frequencies.

对民用航空无线电专用频率造成有害干扰的，有关单位或者个人应当迅速排除干扰；
Where harmful interference has been caused to civil aviation special radio frequencies, the unit or individual concerned shall rapidly remove such interference;

未排除干扰前，应当停止使用该无线电台或者其他仪器、装置。
the use of such radio station or other instrument and device shall be stopped before the removal of the interference.

第八十九条 邮电通信企业应当对民用航空电信传递优先提供服务。
Article 89 The post and telecommunication enterprise shall give priority in service to civil aviation telecommunication transmission.

国家气象机构应当对民用航空气象机构提供必要的气象资料。
The State meteorological organ shall provide necessary meteorological data to civil aviation meteorological organ.

第四节 飞行必备文件
Section 4 Essential Documents for Flight

第九十条 从事飞行的民用航空器，应当携带下列文件：
Article 90 A civil aircraft engaged in flight operation shall carry the following documents:

（一）民用航空器国籍登记证书；
(1) Civil aircraft certificate of nationality registration;

（二）民用航空器适航证书；
(2) Civil aircraft certificate of airworthiness;

（三）机组人员相应的执照；
(3) Appropriate licences for crew members;

（四）民用航空器航行记录簿；
(4) Civil aircraft journey log book;

（五）装有无线电设备的民用航空器，其无线电台执照；
(5) If the civil aircraft is equipped with radio apparatus, its radio station licence;

（六）载有旅客的民用航空器，其所载旅客姓名及其出发地点和目的地点的清单；
(6) If the civil aircraft carries passengers, a list of their names and places of embarkation and destination;

（七）载有货物的民用航空器，其所载货物的舱单和明细的申报单；
(7) If the civil aircraft carries cargo, a manifest and detailed declarations of the cargo; and

（八）根据飞行任务应当携带的其他文件。
(8) Other documents that should be carried according to the flight mission.

民用航空器未按规定携带前款所列文件的，国务院民用航空主管部门或者其授权的地区民用航空管理机构可以禁止该民用航空器起飞。
Where a civil aircraft fails to carry the documents as listed in the preceding paragraph according to regulations, the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council or the regional civil aviation administrative organ authorized by it may prohibit such civil aircraft to take off.

帅哥

第八章 公共航空运输企业
Chapter VIII Public Air Transport Enterprise

第九十一条 公共航空运输企业，是指以营利为目的，使用民用航空器运送旅客、行李、邮件或者货物的企业法人。
Article 91   Public air transport enterprise   means a corporate enterprise engaged in the transport of passengers, baggage, mail or cargo with civil aircraft for the purpose of making profit.

第九十二条 设立公共航空运输企业，应当向国务院民用航空主管部门申请领取经营许可证，并依法办理工商登记；
Article 92 In establishing a public air transport enterprise, application shall be filed with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for operating licence, and registration with the administrative department for industry and commerce shall be performed according to law;

未取得经营许可证的，工商行政管理部门不得办理工商登记。
where a public air transport enterprise fails to obtain operating licence, no registration shall be performed for such enterprise by the administrative department for industry and commerce.

第九十三条 设立公共航空运输企业，应当具备下列条件：
Article 93 The establishment of a public air transport enterprise shall satisfy the following conditions:

（一）有符合国家规定的适应保证飞行安全要求的民用航空器；
(1) It has the civil aircraft conforming to the requirements of ensuring flight safety as stipulated by the State;

（二）有必需的依法取得执照的航空人员；
(2) It has the necessary airmen who have been issued licences according to law;

（三）有不少于国务院规定的最低限额的注册资本；
(3) It has the registered capital not less than the minimum limit prescribed by the State Council; and

（四）法律、行政法规规定的其他条件。
(4) Other conditions prescribed by laws and administrative rules and regulations.

第九十四条 公共航空运输企业的组织形式、组织机构适用公司法的规定。
Article 94 The provisions of the Company Law shall be applicable to the form of organization and institutional framework of public air transport enterprises.

本法施行前设立的公共航空运输企业，其组织形式、组织机构不完全符合公司法规定的，可以继续沿用原有的规定，适用前款规定的日期由国务院规定。
Where the form of organization and institutional framework of the public air transport enterprises established before the implementation of this Law do not completely conform to the provisions of the Company Law, original provisions can continue to be followed, and the date of the application of the provisions in the preceding paragraph shall be specified by the State Council.

第九十五条 公共航空运输企业应当以保证飞行安全和航班正常，提供良好服务为准则，采取有效措施，提高运输服务质量。
Article 95 A public air transport enterprise shall take the assurance of flight safety, the regularity of flight and the provision of good service as guiding principles, and take effective measures to improve transport service quality.

公共航空运输企业应当教育和要求本企业职工严格履行职责，以文明礼貌、热情周到的服务态度，认真做好旅客和货物运输的各项服务工作。
A public air transport enterprise shall educate and require its staff and workers to strictly perform their duties, and conscientiously accomplish the services of transporting passengers and cargo with refined manners and thoughtfulness.

旅客运输航班延误的，应当在机场内及时通告有关情况。
In the event of delay in passenger transport flight, relevant information shall be announced in time in the airport.

第九十六条 公共航空运输企业申请经营定期航班运输（以下简称航班运输）的航线，暂停、终止经营航线，应当报经国务院民用航空主管部门批准。
Article 96 A public air transport enterprise shall apply to the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for approval with respect to the air route to be operated for scheduled air services, and the suspension or termination of the operation of air route.

公共航空运输企业经营航班运输，应当公布班期时刻。
A public air transport enterprise operating scheduled air services shall have its timetable published.

第九十七条 公共航空运输企业的营业收费项目，由国务院民用航空主管部门确定。
Article 97 The chargeable business items of a public air transport enterprise shall be determined by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

国内航空运输的运价管理办法，由国务院民用航空主管部门会同国务院物价主管部门制定，报国务院批准后执行。
The measures for the control of tariff of domestic air transport shall be formulated jointly by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council and the competent authority of prices under the State Council, and shall be implemented after being approved by the State Council.

国际航空运输运价的制定按照中华人民共和国政府与外国政府签订的协定、协议的规定执行；
The tariff of international air transport shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the agreements signed between the Government of the People's Republic of China and foreign governments;

没有协定、协议的，参照国际航空运输市场价格制定运价，报国务院民用航空主管部门批准后执行。
in the absence of any agreement, the tariff shall be formulated with reference to the market prices of international air transport, and shall be implemented after being approved by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

第九十八条 公共航空运输企业从事不定期运输，应当经国务院民用航空主管部门批准，并不得影响航班运输的正常经营。
Article 98 The operation of non-scheduled air transport by a public air transport enterprise shall be subject to the approval of the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council, provided that it shall not affect the normal operation of scheduled air transport.

第九十九条 公共航空运输企业应当依照国务院制定的公共航空运输安全保卫规定，制定安全保卫方案，并报国务院民用航空主管部门备案。
Article 99 A public air transport enterprise shall formulate a security plan in accordance with the public air transport security regulations formulated by the State Council, and report to the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for the record.

第一百条 公共航空运输企业不得运输法律、行政法规规定的禁运物品。
Article 100 No public air transport enterprise shall carry articles the transport of which is prohibited by the provisions of laws and administrative rules and regulations.

公共航空运输企业未经国务院民用航空主管部门批准，不得运输作战军火、作战物资。
No public air transport enterprise shall carry munitions of war and implements of war unless approved by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

禁止旅客随身携带法律、行政法规规定的禁运物品乘坐民用航空器。
Passengers bringing on their persons articles the transport of which is prohibited by the provisions of laws and administrative rules and regulations are prohibited from flying in a civil aircraft.

第一百零一条 公共航空运输企业运输危险品，应当遵守国家有关规定。
Article 101 A public air transport enterprise shall observe the relevant regulations of the State in the transport of dangerous articles.

禁止以非危险品品名托运危险品。
The consigning of dangerous articles for shipment under the name of non-dangerous articles is prohibited.

禁止旅客随身携带危险品乘坐民用航空器。除因执行公务并按照国家规定经过批准外，禁止旅客携带枪支、管制刀具乘坐民用航空器。
Passengers bringing dangerous articles on their persons are prohibited from flying in a civil aircraft. Passengers bringing firearms or controlled knives are prohibited from flying in a civil aircraft unless they are performing official duties and approved in accordance with State regulations.

禁止违反国务院民用航空主管部门的规定将危险品作为行李托运。
The consigning of dangerous articles as baggage for shipment against the provisions stipulated by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council is prohibited.

危险品品名由国务院民用航空主管部门规定并公布。
The names of dangerous articles shall be prescribed and published by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

第一百零二条 公共航空运输企业不得运输拒绝接受安全检查的旅客，不得违反国家规定运输未经安全检查的行李。
Article 102 No public air transport enterprise shall carry passengers who refused to accept security inspection, nor shall it carry baggage which have not gone through security inspection against State regulation.

公共航空运输企业必须按照国务院民用航空主管部门的规定，对承运的货物进行安全检查或者采取其他保证安全的措施。
A public air transport enterprise must carry out security inspection or take other measures to ensure the security of the cargo it undertakes to transport in accordance with the provisions stipulated by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

第一百零三条 公共航空运输企业从事国际航空运输的民用航空器及其所载人员、行李、货物应当接受边防、海关、检疫等主管部门的检查；但是，检查时应当避免不必要的延误。
Article 103 The civil aircraft of a public air transport enterprise engaged in international air transport and the persons, baggage and cargo carried therein shall accept the inspection of such competent authorities as frontier inspection, customs and quarantine; provided that unnecessary delay shall be prevented at the time of inspection.

第一百零四条 公共航空运输企业应当依照有关法律、行政法规的规定优先运输邮件。
Article 104 A public air transport enterprise shall give priority to the transport of mail in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative rules and regulations.

第一百零五条 公共航空运输企业应当投保地面第三人责任险。
Article 105 A public air transport enterprise shall be covered by insurance against liability for third parties on the surface.

第九章 公共航空运输第一节 一般规定
Chapter IX Public Air Transport Section 1 Basic Principles

第一百零六条 本章适用于公共航空运输企业使用民用航空器经营的旅客、行李或者货物的运输，包括公共航空运输企业使用民用航空器办理的免费运输。
Article 106 This Chapter shall apply to the transport of persons, baggage, or cargo performed by the civil aircraft of public air transport enterprise, including the gratuitous transport performed by the civil aircraft of public air transport enterprise.

本章不适用于使用民用航空器办理的邮件运输。
This Chapter shall not apply to the transport of mail performed by civil aircraft.

对多式联运方式的运输，本章规定适用于其中的航空运输部分。
The provisions of this Chapter shall apply to the part of transport by air in the case of multi-modal transport.

第一百零七条 本法所称国内航空运输，是指根据当事人订立的航空运输合同，运输的出发地点、约定的经停地点和目的地点均在中华人民共和国境内的运输。
Article 107   Domestic air transport   referred to in this Chapter means any transport in which, according to the contract of transport by air between the parties, the place of departure, the place of destination and the agreed stopping place are all situated within the territory of the People's Republic of China.

本法所称国际航空运输，是指根据当事人订立的航空运输合同，无论运输有无间断或者有无转运，运输的出发地点、目的地点或者约定的经停地点之一不在中华人民共和国境内的运输。 International air transport   referred to in this Chapter means any transport in which, according to the contract of transport by air between the parties, the place of departure, the place of destination or the agreed stopping place, whether or not there be a break in the transport or a transhipment, is not situated within the territory of the People's Republic of China.

第一百零八条 航空运输合同各方认为几个连续的航空运输承运人办理的运输是一项单一业务活动的，无论其形式是以一个合同订立或者数个合同订立，应当视为一项不可分割的运输。
Article 108 Transport to be performed by several successive air carriers is deemed to be one undivided transport, if it has been regarded by the parties to the contract of transport by air as a single operation, whether it had been agreed upon under the form of a single contract or of a series of contracts.

第二节 运输凭证
Section 2 Transport Documents

第一百零九条 承运人运送旅客，应当出具客票。旅客乘坐民用航空器，应当交验有效客票。
Article 109 For the transport of passengers the carrier shall deliver a passenger ticket. A passenger to travel in civil aircraft shall produce a valid passenger ticket for check.

第一百一十条 客票应当包括的内容由国务院民用航空主管部门规定，至少应当包括以下内容：
Article 110 The contents of a passenger ticket shall be prescribed by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council. A passenger ticket shall at least contain the following particulars:

（一）出发地点和目的地点；
(1) The place of departure and of destination;

（二）出发地点和目的地点均在中华人民共和国境内，而在境外有一个或者数个约定的经停地点的，至少注明一个经停地点；
(2) If the places of departure and destination are within the territory of the People's Republic of China, one or more agreed stopping places being outside the said territory, an indication of at least one such stopping place; and

（三）旅客航程的最终目的地点、出发地点或者约定的经停地点之一不在中华人民共和国境内，依照所适用的国际航空运输公约的规定，应当在客票上声明此项运输适用该公约的，客票上应当载有该项声明。
(3) If the ultimate destination, the place of departure or the agreed stopping place of the passenger's journey is not situated within the territory of the People's Republic of China, a notice indicating the international air transport convention applicable to such transport, in case such convention requires the inclusion of the notice in the passenger ticket.

第一百一十一条 客票是航空旅客运输合同订立和运输合同条件的初步证据。
Article 111 The passenger ticket shall constitute prima facie evidence of the conclusion and conditions of the contract of transport of passenger by air.

旅客未能出示客票、客票不符合规定或者客票遗失，不影响运输合同的存在或者有效。
The failure of the passenger to produce the passenger ticket, or the irregularity or loss of the passenger ticket does not affect the existence or validity of the contract of transport.

在国内航空运输中，承运人同意旅客不经其出票而乘坐民用航空器的，承运人无权援用本法第一百二十八条有关赔偿责任限制的规定。
In domestic air transport, if, with the consent of the carrier, the passenger embarks on a civil aircraft without a passenger ticket having been delivered, the carrier shall not be entitled to avail himself of the provisions of Article 128 of this Law concerning the limit of liability.

帅哥

在国际航空运输中，承运人同意旅客不经其出票而乘坐民用航空器的，或者客票上未依照本法第一百一十条第（三）项的规定声明的，承运人无权援用本法第一百二十九条有关赔偿责任限制的规定。
In international air transport, if, with the consent of the carrier, the passenger embarks on a civil aircraft without a passenger ticket having been delivered, or if the ticket does not include the notice required by sub-paragraph(3) of Article 110 of this Law, the carrier shall not be entitled to avail himself of the provisions of Article 129 of this Law concerning the limit of liability.

第一百一十二条 承运人载运托运行李时，行李票可以包含在客票之内或者与客票相结合。除本法第一百一十条的规定外，行李票还应当包括下列内容：
Article 112 In respect of the transport of checked baggage by a carrier, a baggage check may be combined with or incorporated in a passenger ticket. In addition to the provisions of Article 110 of this Law, a baggage check shall also include the following particulars:

（一）托运行李的件数和重量；
(1) The number of packages and weight of the baggage; and

（二）需要声明托运行李在目的地点交付时的利益的，注明声明金额。
(2) If a declaration of interest in delivery at destination of the checked baggage is required, indicate the sum of declared interest.

行李票是行李托运和运输合同条件的初步证据。
The baggage check shall constitute prima facie evidence of the checking of the baggage and of the conditions of the contract of transport.

旅客未能出示行李票、行李票不符合规定或者行李票遗失，不影响运输合同的存在或者有效。
The failure of the passenger to produce the baggage check, or the irregularity or loss of the baggage check does not affect the existence or validity of the contract of transport.

在国内航空运输中，承运人载运托运行李而不出具行李票的，承运人无权援用本法第一百二十八条有关赔偿责任限制的规定。
In domestic air transport, if the carrier carries the checked baggage without a baggage check having been delivered, he shall not be entitled to avail himself of the provisions of Article 128 of this Law concerning the limit of liability.

在国际航空运输中，承运人载运托运行李而不出具行李票的，或者行李票上未依照本法第一百一十条第（三）项的规定声明的，承运人无权援用本法第一百二十九条有关赔偿责任限制的规定。
In international air transport, if the carrier carries the checked baggage without a baggage check having been delivered, or if the baggage check does not include the notice required by sub-paragraph(3) of Article 110 of this Law, the carrier shall not be entitled to avail himself of the provisions of Article 129 of this Law concerning the limit of liability.

第一百一十三条 承运人有权要求托运人填写航空货运单，托运人有权要求承运人接受该航空货运单。
Article 113 The carrier has the right to require the shipper to make out an air waybill; a shipper has the right to require the carrier to accept the air waybill.

托运人未能出示航空货运单、航空货运单不符合规定或者航空货运单遗失，不影响运输合同的存在或者有效。
The failure of the shipper to produce the air waybill, or the irregularity or loss of the air waybill shall not affect the existence or validity of the contract of transport.

第一百一十四条 托运人应当填写航空货运单正本一式三份，连同货物交给承运人。
Article 114 The air waybill shall be made out by the shipper in three original parts and be handed over to the carrier with the cargo.

航空货运单第一份注明 交承运人 ，由托运人签字、盖章；第二份注明 交收货人 ，由托运人和承运人签字、盖章；第三份由承运人在接受货物后签字、盖章，交给托运人。
The first part of the air waybill shall be marked   for the carrier   and shall be signed and sealed by the shipper; the second part shall be marked   for the consignee   and shall be signed and sealed by both the shipper and the carrier; the third part shall be signed and sealed by the carrier and handed by him to the shipper after the cargo has been accepted.

承运人根据托运人的请求填写航空货运单的，在没有相反证据的情况下，应当视为代托运人填写。
If, at the request of the shipper, the carrier makes out the air waybill, he shall be deemed, subject to proof to the contrary, to have done so on behalf of the shipper.

第一百一十五条 航空货运单应当包括的内容由国务院民用航空主管部门规定，至少应当包括以下内容：
Article 115 The contents of an air waybill shall be prescribed by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council. An air waybill shall at least contain the following particulars:

（一）出发地点和目的地点；
(1) The place of departure and of destination;

（二）出发地点和目的地点均在中华人民共和国境内，而在境外有一个或者数个约定的经停地点的，至少注明一个经停地点；
(2) If the places of departure and destination are within the territory of the People's Republic of China, one or more agreed stopping places being outside such territory, an indication of at least one such stopping place; and

（三）货物运输的最终目的地点、出发地点或者约定的经停地点之一不在中华人民共和国境内，依照所适用的国际航空运输公约的规定，应当在货运单上声明此项运输适用该公约的，货运单上应当载有该项声明。
(3) If the ultimate destination, the place of departure or the agreed stopping place of the cargo transport is not situated within the territory of the People's Republic of China, a notice indicating the international air transport convention applicable to such transport, in case such convention requires the inclusion of the notice in the air waybill.

第一百一十六条 在国内航空运输中，承运人同意未经填具航空货运单而载运货物的，承运人无权援用本法第一百二十八条有关赔偿责任限制的规定。
Article 116 In domestic air transport, if, with the consent of the carrier, cargo is carried without an air waybill having been made out, the carrier shall not be entitled to avail himself of the provisions of Article 128 of this Law concerning the limit of liability.

在国际航空运输中，承运人同意未经填具航空货运单而载运货物的，或者航空货运单上未依照本法第一百一十五条第（三）项的规定声明的，承运人无权援用本法第一百二十九条有关赔偿责任限制的规定。
In international air transport, if, with the consent of the carrier, cargo is carried without an air waybill having been made out, or if the air waybill does not include the notice required by sub-paragraph(3) of Article 115 of this Law, the carrier shall not be entitled to avail himself of the provisions of Article 129 of this Law concerning the limit of liability.

第一百一十七条 托运人应当对航空货运单上所填关于货物的说明和声明的正确性负责。
Article 117 The shipper shall be responsible for the correctness of the particulars and statements relating to the cargo which he inserts in the air waybill.

因航空货运单上所填的说明和声明不符合规定、不正确或者不完全，给承运人或者承运人对之负责的其他人造成损失的，托运人应当承担赔偿责任。
The shipper shall indemnify the carrier against all damage suffered by him, or by any other person to whom the carrier is liable, by reason of the irregularity, incorrectness or incompleteness of the particulars and statements inserted in the air waybill.

第一百一十八条 航空货运单是航空货物运输合同订立和运输条件以及承运人接受货物的初步证据。
Article 118 The air waybill shall be prima facie evidence of the conclusion of the contract of transport of cargo by air, of the conditions of transport and of the receipt of the cargo by the carrier.

航空货运单上关于货物的重量、尺寸、包装和包装件数的说明具有初步证据的效力。
The statements in the air waybill relating to the weight, dimensions, and packing of the cargo, as well as those relating to the number of packages, shall be prima facie evidence of the facts stated.

除经过承运人和托运人当面查对并在航空货运单上注明经过查对或者书写关于货物的外表情况的说明外，航空货运单上关于货物的数量、体积和情况的说明不能构成不利于承运人的证据。
Those relating to the quantity, volume, and conditions of the cargo shall not constitute evidence against the carrier except so far as they both have been and are stated in the air waybill to have been checked by him in the presence of the shipper, or relate to the apparent condition of the cargo.

第一百一十九条 托运人在履行航空货物运输合同规定的义务的条件下，有权在出发地机场或者目的地机场将货物提回，或者在途中经停时中止运输，或者在目的地点或者途中要求将货物交给非航空货运单上指定的收货人，或者要求将货物运回出发地机场；
Article 119 Subject to his liability to carry out all his obligations under the contract of transport of cargo by air, the shipper shall have the right to dispose of the cargo by withdrawing them at the airport of departure or destination, or by stopping them in the course of the journey on any landing, or by calling for them to be delivered at the place of destination, or in the course of the journey to a person other than the consignee named in the air waybill, or by requiring them to be returned to the airport of departure;

但是，托运人不得因行使此种权利而使承运人或者其他托运人遭受损失，并应当偿付由此产生的费用。
provided that the shipper must not exercise this right of disposition in such a way as to prejudice the carrier or other shippers and he must repay any expenses occasioned by the exercise of this right.

帅哥

托运人的指示不能执行的，承运人应当立即通知托运人。
If it is impossible to carry out the orders of the shipper, the carrier must so inform him forthwith.

承运人按照托运人的指示处理货物，没有要求托运人出示其所收执的航空货运单，给该航空货运单的合法持有人造成损失的，承运人应当承担责任，但是不妨碍承运人向托运人追偿。
If the carrier obeys the orders of the shipper for the disposition of the cargo without requiring the production of the part of the air waybill delivered to the latter, he will be liable, without prejudice to his right of recovery from the shipper, for any damage which may be caused thereby to any person who is lawfully in possession of that part of the air waybill.

收货人的权利依照本法第一百二十条规定开始时，托运人的权利即告终止；
The right conferred on the shipper shall cease at the moment when that of the consignee begins in accordance with the provisions of Article 120 of this Law;

但是，收货人拒绝接受航空货运单或者货物，或者承运人无法同收货人联系的，托运人恢复其对货物的处置权。
provided that if the consignee declines to accept the air waybill or the cargo, or if he cannot be communicated with, the shipper shall resume his right of disposition.

第一百二十条 除本法第一百一十九条所列情形外，收货人于货物到达目的地点，并在缴付应付款项和履行航空货运单上所列运输条件后，有权要求承运人移交航空货运单并交付货物。
Article 120 Except in the circumstances set out in Article 119, the consignee shall be entitled, on arrival of the cargo at the place of destination, to require the carrier to hand over to him the air waybill and to deliver the cargo to him, on payment of the charges due and on complying with the conditions of transport set out in the air waybill.

除另有约定外，承运人应当在货物到达后立即通知收货人。
Unless it is otherwise agreed, it shall be the duty of the carrier to give notice to the consignee as soon as the cargo arrives.

承运人承认货物已经遗失，或者货物在应当到达之日起七日后仍未到达的，收货人有权向承运人行使航空货物运输合同所赋予的权利。
If the carrier admits the loss of the cargo, or if the cargo has not arrived at the expiration of seven days after the date on which it ought to have arrived, the consignee shall be entitled to put into force against the carrier the rights which flow from the contract of transport of cargo by air.

第一百二十一条 托运人和收货人在履行航空货物运输合同规定的义务的条件下，无论为本人或者他人的利益，可以以本人的名义分别行使本法第一百一十九条和第一百二十条所赋予的权利。
Article 121 The shipper and the consignee can respectively enforce all the rights given them by Articles 119 and 120 of this Law, each in his own name, whether he is acting in his own interest or in the interest of another, provided that he carries out the obligations imposed by the contract of transport of cargo by air.

第一百二十二条 本法第一百一十九条、第一百二十条和第一百二十一条的规定，不影响托运人同收货人之间的相互关系，也不影响从托运人或者收货人获得权利的第三人之间的关系。
Article 122 The provisions of Articles 119, 120 and 121 of this Law shall not affect the relations of the shipper and the consignee with each other or the mutual relations of third parties whose right are derived either from the shipper or from the consignee.

任何与本法第一百一十九条、第一百二十条和第一百二十一条规定不同的合同条款，应当在航空货运单上载明。
Any terms of the contract which are different from the provisions of Articles 119, 120 and 121 of this Law shall be expressly stated in the air waybill.

第一百二十三条 托运人应当提供必需的资料和文件，以便在货物交付收货人前完成法律、行政法规规定的有关手续；
Article 123 The shipper shall furnish such information and documents as are necessary to meet the formalities provided by laws and administrative rules and regulations before the cargo can be delivered to the consignee.

因没有此种资料、文件，或者此种资料、文件不充足或者不符合规定造成的损失，除由于承运人或者其受雇人、代理人的过错造成的外，托运人应当对承运人承担责任。
The shipper shall be liable to the carrier for any damage occasioned by the absence, insufficiency or irregularity of any such information or documents, unless the damage is due to the fault of the carrier, his servants or agents.

除法律、行政法规另有规定外，承运人没有对前款规定的资料或者文件进行检查的义务。
The carrier is under no obligation to check such information or documents unless otherwise provided by laws and administrative rules and regulations.

第三节 承运人的责任
Section 3 Liability of the Carrier

第一百二十四条 因发生在民用航空器上或者在旅客上、下民用航空器过程中的事件，造成旅客人身伤亡的，承运人应当承担责任；
Article 124 The carrier shall be liable for the death or personal injury of a passenger, if the accident took place on board the civil aircraft or in the course of any of the operations of embarking on or disembarking from the civil aircraft;

但是，旅客的人身伤亡完全是由于旅客本人的健康状况造成的，承运人不承担责任。
provided that the carrier is not liable if the death or injury resulted solely from the state of health of the passenger.

第一百二十五条 因发生在民用航空器上或者在旅客上、下民用航空器过程中的事件，造成旅客随身携带物品毁灭、遗失或者损坏的，承运人应当承担责任。
Article 125 The carrier shall be liable for the destruction or loss of, or damage to, any carry-on articles of the passenger, if the occurrence took place on board the civil aircraft or in the course of any of the operations of embarking on or disembarking from the civil aircraft of the passenger.

因发生在航空运输期间的事件，造成旅客的托运行李毁灭、遗失或者损坏的，承运人应当承担责任。
The carrier shall be liable for the destruction or loss of, or damage to any checked baggage of the passenger, if the occurrence took place during the transport by air.

旅客随身携带物品或者托运行李的毁灭、遗失或者损坏完全是由于行李本身的自然属性、质量或者缺陷造成的，承运人不承担责任。
The carrier shall not be liable for the destruction or loss of, or damage to, any carry-on articles or checked baggage of the passenger if such destruction or loss or damage resulted solely from the inherent defect, quality or vice of the baggage.

本章所称行李，包括托运行李和旅客随身携带的物品。 Baggage   referred to in this Chapter includes both checked baggage and the carry-on articles of the passenger.

因发生在航空运输期间的事件，造成货物毁灭、遗失或者损坏的，承运人应当承担责任；
The carrier shall be liable for the destruction or loss of, or damage to, any cargo if the occurrence took place during the transport by air;

但是，承运人证明货物的毁灭、遗失或者损坏完全是由于下列原因之一造成的，不承担责任：
provided that the carrier is not liable if he proves that the destruction or loss of, or damage to, the cargo resulted solely from one or more of the following:

（一）货物本身的自然属性、质量或者缺陷；
(1) Inherent defect, quality or vice of that cargo;

（二）承运人或者其受雇人、代理人以外的人包装货物的，货物包装不良；
(2) Defective packing of that cargo performed by a person other than the carrier or his servants or agents;

（三）战争或者武装冲突；
(3) An act of war or an armed conflict; or

（四）政府有关部门实施的与货物入境、出境或者过境有关的行为。
(4) An act of public authority carried out in connection with the entry, exit or transit of the cargo.

本条所称航空运输期间，是指在机场内、民用航空器上或者机场外降落的任何地点，托运行李、货物处于承运人掌管之下的全部期间。
The   period of the transport by air   referred to in this Article means the whole period during which the checked baggage or cargo is in the charge of the carrier, whether in an airport or on board a civil aircraft, or, in the case of a landing outside the airport, in any place whatsoever.

航空运输期间，不包括机场外的任何陆路运输、海上运输、内河运输过程；
The period of the transport by air does not extend to any transport by land, by sea or by river performed outside an airport;

但是，此种陆路运输、海上运输、内河运输是为了履行航空运输合同而装载、交付或者转运，在没有相反证据的情况下，所发生的损失视为在航空运输期间发生的损失。
provided that if such transport is used for loading, delivery or transhipment for the performance of a contract of transport by air, any damage took place during such transport is presumed, subject to proof to the contrary, to have been the damage taken place during the period of transport by air.

帅哥

第一百二十六条 旅客、行李或者货物在航空运输中因延误造成的损失，承运人应当承担责任；
Article 126 The carrier shall be liable for damage occasioned by delay in the transport by air of passengers, baggage or cargo;

但是，承运人证明本人或者其受雇人、代理人为了避免损失的发生，已经采取一切必要措施或者不可能采取此种措施的，不承担责任。
provided that the carrier is not liable if he proved that he and his servants or agents have taken all necessary measures to avoid the damage or that is was impossible for him or them to take such measures.

第一百二十七条 在旅客、行李运输中，经承运人证明，损失是由索赔人的过错造成或者促成的，应当根据造成或者促成此种损失的过错的程度，相应免除或者减轻承运人的责任。
Article 127 In the transport of passengers and baggage, if the carrier proves that the damage was caused by or contributed to by the fault of the claimant, the carrier may be wholly or partly exonerated from his liability in accordance with the extent of the fault that caused or contributed to such damage.

旅客以外的其他人就旅客死亡或者受伤提出赔偿请求时，经承运人证明，死亡或者受伤是旅客本人的过错造成或者促成的，同样应当根据造成或者促成此种损失的过错的程度，相应免除或者减轻承运人的责任。
Where a person other than the passenger claims compensation with respect to the death or injury of the passenger, the carrier may similarly be wholly or partly exonerated from his liability in accordance with the extent of the fault that caused or contributed to such damage, if the carrier proves that the death or injury was caused by or contributed to by the fault of the passenger himself.

在货物运输中，经承运人证明，损失是由索赔人或者代行权利人的过错造成或者促成的，应当根据造成或者促成此种损失的过错的程度，相应免除或者减轻承运人的责任。
In the transport of cargo, if the carrier proves that the damage was caused by or contributed to the fault of the person claiming compensation, or the person from whom he derived his right, the carrier shall be wholly or partly exonerated from his liability in accordance with the extent of the fault that caused or contributed to such damage.

第一百二十八条 国内航空运输承运人的赔偿责任限额由国务院民用航空主管部门制定，报国务院批准后公布执行。
Article 128 The limits of carrier's liability in domestic air transport shall be formulated by the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council and put in force after being approved by the State Council.

旅客或者托运人在交运托运行李或者货物时，特别声明在目的地点交付时的利益，并在必要时支付附加费的，除承运人证明旅客或者托运人声明的金额高于托运行李或者货物在目的地点交付时的实际利益外，承运人应当在声明金额范围内承担责任；
If the passenger or the shipper has made, at the time when the checked baggage or cargo was handed over to the carrier, a special declaration of interest in delivery at destination and has paid a supplementary sum if the case so requires, the carrier shall be liable to pay a sum not exceeding the declared sum, unless he proves that the sum declared by the passenger or shipper is greater than the actual interest of the checked baggage or cargo in delivery at destination;

本法第一百二十九条的其他规定，除赔偿责任限额外，适用于国内航空运输。
the other provisions of Article 129 of this Law shall be applicable to domestic air transport except the limits of liability.

第一百二十九条 国际航空运输承运人的赔偿责任限额按照下列规定执行：
Article 129 In international air transport, the liability of the carrier shall be as the following:

（一）对每名旅客的赔偿责任限额为１６６００计算单位；但是，旅客可以同承运人书面约定高于本项规定的赔偿责任限额。
(1) The liability of the carrier for each passenger is limited to the sum of 16600 units of account. Nevertheless, the passenger may agree with the carrier in writing to a limit of liability higher than that prescribed by this sub-paragraph;

（二）对托运行李或者货物的赔偿责任限额，每公斤为１７计算单位。旅客或者托运人在交运托运行李或者货物时，特别声明在目的地点交付时的利益，并在必要时支付附加费的，除承运人证明旅客或者托运人声明的金额高于托运行李或者货物在目的地点交付时的实际利益外，承运人应当在声明金额范围内承担责任。
(2) The liability of the carrier for each kilogram of checked baggage or cargo is limited to a sum of 17 units of account. If the passenger or shipper has made, at the time when the package was handed over to the carrier, a special declaration of interest in delivery at destination and has paid a supplementary sum if the case so requires, the carrier shall be liable to pay a sum not exceeding the declared sum, unless he proves that the sum declared by the passenger or shipper is greater than the actual interest of the checked baggage or cargo in delivery at destination.

托运行李或者货物的一部分或者托运行李、货物中的任何物件毁灭、遗失、损坏或者延误的，用以确定承运人赔偿责任限额的重量，仅为该一包件或者数包件的总重量；
In the case of destruction, loss, damage or delay of a part of checked baggage or cargo, or of any object contained therein, the weight to be taken into consideration in determining the amount to which the carrier's liability is limited shall only be the total weight of the package or packages concerned.

但是，因托运行李或者货物的一部分或者托运行李、货物中的任何物件的毁灭、遗失、损坏或者延误，影响同一份行李票或者同一份航空货运单所列其他包件的价值的，确定承运人的赔偿责任限额时，此种包件的总重量也应当考虑在内。
Nevertheless, when the destruction, loss, damage or delay of a part of the checked baggage or cargo, or of an object contained therein, affects the value of other packages covered by the same baggage check or the same air waybill, the total weight of such package or packages shall also be taken into consideration in determining the limit of liability of the carrier.

（三）对每名旅客随身携带的物品的赔偿责任限额为３３２计算单位。
(3) The liability of the carrier for carry-on baggage of a passenger is limited to 332 units of account per passenger.

第一百三十条 任何旨在免除本法规定的承运人责任或者降低本法规定的赔偿责任限额的条款，均属无效；但是，此种条款的无效，不影响整个航空运输合同的效力。
Article 130 Any provision tending to relieve the carrier of the liability prescribed by this Law or to fix a lower limit than that which is laid down in this Law shall be null and void, but the nullity of any such provision shall not involve the nullity of the whole contract of transport by air.

第一百三十一条 有关航空运输中发生的损失的诉讼，不论其根据如何，只能依照本法规定的条件和赔偿责任限额提出，但是不妨碍谁有权提起诉讼以及他们各自的权利。
Article 131 Any action for damage occurred in air transport, however founded, can only be brought subject to the conditions and limits of liability set out in this Law, without prejudice to the question as to who are the persons who have the right to bring suit and what are their respective rights.

第一百三十二条 经证明，航空运输中的损失是由于承运人或者其受雇人、代理人的故意或者明知可能造成损失而轻率地作为或者不作为造成的，承运人无权援用本法第一百二十八条、第一百二十九条有关赔偿责任限制的规定；
Article 132 The carrier shall not be entitled to avail himself of the provisions of Articles 128 and 129 of this Law concerning the limit of liability if it is proved that the damage in the air transport resulted from an act or omission of the carrier, his servants or agents, done with intent to cause damage or recklessly and with knowledge that damage would probably result;

证明承运人的受雇人、代理人有此种作为或者不作为的，还应当证明该受雇人、代理人是在受雇、代理范围内行事。
provided that, in the case of such act or omission of a servant or agent of the carrier, it is also proved that he was acting within the scope of his employment.

第一百三十三条 就航空运输中的损失向承运人的受雇人、代理人提起诉讼时，该受雇人、代理人证明他是在受雇、代理范围内行事的，有权援用本法第一百二十八条、第一百二十九条有关赔偿责任限制的规定。
Article 133 If an action is brought against a servant or agent of the carrier arising out of damage during air transport, such servant or agent, if it proves that he acted within the scope of his employment, shall be entitled to avail himself of the limits of liability as provided in Articles 128 and 129 of this Law.

在前款规定情形下，承运人及其受雇人、代理人的赔偿总额不得超过法定的赔偿责任限额。
The aggregate of the amounts recoverable from the carrier, his servants and agents, in the case provided in the preceding paragraph, shall not exceed the legal limits of liability.

经证明，航空运输中的损失是由于承运人的受雇人、代理人的故意或者明知可能造成损失而轻率地作为或者不作为造成的，不适用本条第一款和第二款的规定。
The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article shall not apply if it is proved that the damage in air transport resulted from an act or omission of the servant or agent of the carrier done with intent to cause damage or recklessly and with knowledge that damage would probably result.

第一百三十四条 旅客或者收货人收受托运行李或者货物而未提出异议，为托运行李或者货物已经完好交付并与运输凭证相符的初步证据。
Article 134 Receipt by the passenger of checked baggage or receipt of cargo by the consignee without complaint shall be prima facie evidence that the same have been delivered in good condition and in accordance with the document of transport.

托运行李或者货物发生损失的，旅客或者收货人应当在发现损失后向承运人提出异议。托运行李发生损失的，至迟应当自收到托运行李之日起七日内提出；货物发生损失的，至迟应当自收到货物之日起十四日内提出。
In the case of damage to checked baggage or cargo, the passenger or consignee must complain to the carrier forthwith after the discovery of the damage, and at the latest, within seven days from the date of receipt in the case of checked baggage and fourteen days from the date of receipt in the case of cargo.

托运行李或者货物发生延误的，至迟应当自托运行李或者货物交付旅客或者收货人处置之日起二十一日内提出。
In the case of delay the complaint must be made at the latest within twenty-one days from the date on which the checked baggage or cargo have been placed at the disposition of the passenger or consignee.

任何异议均应当在前款规定的期间内写在运输凭证上或者另以书面提出。
Every complaint must be made in writing upon the document of transport or by separate notice dispatched within the periods prescribed in the preceding paragraph.

除承运人有欺诈行为外，旅客或者收货人未在本条第二款规定的期间内提出异议的，不能向承运人提出索赔诉讼。
Failing complaint within the periods provided in paragraph 2 of this Article, the passenger or consignee shall be deprived of the right to claim compensation from the carrier, save in the case of fraud on the part of the carrier.

第一百三十五条 航空运输的诉讼时效期间为二年，自民用航空器到达目的地点、应当到达目的地点或者运输终止之日起计算。
Article 135 The time for bringing up an action concerning air transport is limited to two years, reckoned from the date of arrival of civil aircraft at the destination, or from the date on which the civil aircraft ought to have arrived, or from the date on which the transport stopped.

第一百三十六条 由几个航空承运人办理的连续运输，接受旅客、行李或者货物的每一个承运人应当受本法规定的约束，并就其根据合同办理的运输区段作为运输合同的订约一方。
Article 136 In the case of transport to be performed by various successive carriers, each carrier who accepts passengers, baggage or cargo shall be subject to the provisions of this Law, and shall be deemed to be one of the contracting parties to the contract of transport in so far as that part of the transport is concerned which is performed by it in accordance with the contract.

对前款规定的连续运输，除合同明文约定第一承运人应当对全程运输承担责任外，旅客或者其继承人只能对发生事故或者延误的运输区段的承运人提起诉讼。
In the case of transport of this nature, the passenger or his successor can take action only against the carrier who performed the part of transport during which the accident or the delay occurred, save in the case where, by express agreement, the first carrier shall assume liability for the whole journey.

托运行李或者货物的毁灭、遗失、损坏或者延误，旅客或者托运人有权对第一承运人提起诉讼，旅客或者收货人有权对最后承运人提起诉讼，旅客、托运人和收货人均可以对发生毁灭、遗失、损坏或者延误的运输区段的承运人提起诉讼。
As regards checked baggage or cargo, the passenger or shipper shall have the right of action against the first carrier, and the passenger or consignee shall have the right of action against the last carrier, and further, each may take action against the carrier who performed the part of transport during which the destruction, loss, damage, or delay took place.

上述承运人应当对旅客、托运人或者收货人承担连带责任。
These carriers shall be jointly and severally liable to the passenger or to the shipper or consignee.

第四节 实际承运人履行航空运输的特别规定
Section 4 Special Provisions Governing Air Transport Performed by Ac Carrier

第一百三十七条 本节所称缔约承运人，是指以本人名义与旅客或者托运人，或者与旅客或者托运人的代理人，订立本章调整的航空运输合同的人。
Article 137   Contracting carrier   referred to in this Section means any person who has concluded a contract of transport by air subject to the regulations of this Chapter in his own name with a passenger or a shipper, or with the agent of a passenger or of a shipper.

本节所称实际承运人，是指根据缔约承运人的授权，履行前款全部或者部分运输的人，不是指本章规定的连续承运人；
Actual carrier   referred to in this Section means any person to whom the performance of the whole or part of the transport referred to in the preceding paragraph has been authorized by the contracting carrier, and who is not the successive carrier as provided in this Chapter;

在没有相反证明时，此种授权被认为是存在的。
in the absence of a proof to the contrary, such authorization is deemed to be in existence.

第一百三十八条 除本节另有规定外，缔约承运人和实际承运人都应当受本章规定的约束。缔约承运人应当对合同约定的全部运输负责。
Article 138 Both the contracting carrier and the actual carrier shall, except as otherwise provided in this Section, be subject to the provisions of this Chapter. The contracting carrier shall be responsible for the whole of the transport contemplated in the contract.

实际承运人应当对其履行的运输负责。
The actual carrier shall be responsible for the transport which he performs.

第一百三十九条 实际承运人的作为和不作为，实际承运人的受雇人、代理人在受雇、代理范围内的作为和不作为，关系到实际承运人履行的运输的，应当视为缔约承运人的作为和不作为。
Article 139 The acts and omissions of an actual carrier and of his servants and agents acting within the scope of their employment shall, in relation to the transport performed by the actual carrier, be deemed to be also those of the contracting carrier.

缔约承运人的作为和不作为，缔约承运人的受雇人、代理人在受雇、代理范围内的作为和不作为，关系到实际承运人履行的运输的，应当视为实际承运人的作为和不作为；
The acts and omissions of the contracting carrier and of his servants and agents acting within the scope of their employment shall, in relation to the transport performed by the actual carrier, be deemed to be also those of the actual carrier.

但是，实际承运人承担的责任不因此种作为或者不作为而超过法定的赔偿责任限额。
Nevertheless, no such act or omission shall subject the actual carrier to liability exceeding the legal limits.

任何有关缔约承运人承担本章未规定的义务或者放弃本章赋予的权利的特别协议，或者任何有关依照本法第一百二十八条、第一百二十九条规定所作的在目的地点交付时利益的特别声明，除经实际承运人同意外，均不得影响实际承运人。
Any special agreement under which the contracting carrier concerned assumes obligations not imposed by this Chapter or waives the rights conferred by this Chapter or any special declaration of interest in delivery at destination contemplated in Articles 128 and 129 of this Law, shall not affect the actual carrier unless agreed by him.

第一百四十条 依照本章规定提出的索赔或者发出的指示，无论是向缔约承运人还是向实际承运人提出或者发出的，具有同等效力；
Article 140 Any claim to be made or order to be given under the provisions of this Chapter shall have equal effect whether addressed to the contracting carrier or to the actual carrier.

但是，本法第一百一十九条规定的指示，只在向缔约承运人发出时，方有效。
Nevertheless, orders referred to in Article 119 of this Law shall only be effective if addressed to the contracting carrier.

第一百四十一条 实际承运人的受雇人、代理人或者缔约承运人的受雇人、代理人，证明他是在受雇、代理范围内行事的，就实际承运人履行的运输而言，有权援用本法第一百二十八条、第一百二十九条有关赔偿责任限制的规定，但是依照本法规定不得援用赔偿责任限制规定的除外。
Article 141 In relation to the transport performed by the actual carrier, any servant or agent of that carrier or of the contracting carrier shall, if he proves that he acted within the scope of his employment, be entitled to avail himself of the provisions of Articles 128 and 129 of this Law concerning the limits of liability, unless he acted in a manner which, under the provisions of this Law, prevents the limits of liability from being invoked.

第一百四十二条 对于实际承运人履行的运输，实际承运人、缔约承运人以及他们的在受雇、代理范围内行事的受雇人、代理人的赔偿总额不得超过依照本法得以从缔约承运人或者实际承运人获得赔偿的最高数额；但是，其中任何人都不承担超过对他适用的赔偿责任限额。
Article 142 In relation to the transport performed by the actual carrier, the aggregate of the amounts recoverable from that carrier and the contracting carrier, and from their servants and agents acting within the scope of their employment, shall not exceed the highest amount which could be awarded against either the contracting carrier or the actual carrier under this Law, but none of the persons mentioned shall be liable for a sum in excess of the limit of liability applicable to him.

第一百四十三条 对实际承运人履行的运输提起的诉讼，可以分别对实际承运人或者缔约承运人提起，也可以同时对实际承运人和缔约承运人提起；
Article 143 In relation to the transport performed by the actual carrier, an action may be brought against that carrier or the contracting carrier separately, or against both together;

被提起诉讼的承运人有权要求另一承运人参加应诉。
the carrier against whom an action has been brought shall have the right to require the other carrier to join in the proceedings.

第一百四十四条 除本法第一百四十三条规定外，本节规定不影响实际承运人和缔约承运人之间的权利、义务。
Article 144 Except as provided in Article 143 of this Law, nothing in this Section shall affect the rights and obligations between the actual carrier and the contracting carrier.

第十章 通用航空
Chapter X General Aviation

第一百四十五条 通用航空，是指使用民用航空器从事公共航空运输以外的民用航空活动，包括从事工业、农业、林业、渔业和建筑业的作业飞行以及医疗卫生、抢险救灾、气象探测、海洋监测、科学实验、教育训练、文化体育等方面的飞行活动。
Article 145   General aviation   means civil aviation operations other than public air transport with civil aircraft, including aerial work in the fields of industry, agriculture, forestry, fishery and building industry, and flight operations in the fields of medical and health work, emergency and disaster relief, meteorological service, ocean monitoring, scientific experiment, education and training, culture and sports.

帅哥

第一百四十六条 从事通用航空活动，应当具备下列条件：
Article 146 The operation of general aviation shall satisfy the following conditions:

（一）有与所从事的通用航空活动相适应，符合保证飞行安全要求的民用航空器；
(1) The availability of civil aircraft suitable to the general aviation activities to be operated and conforming to the requirements of ensuring flight safety;

（二）有必需的依法取得执照的航空人员；
(2) The availability of necessary airmen who have been issued licences according to law; and

（三）符合法律、行政法规规定的其他条件。
(3) Other conditions conforming to the provisions of laws and administrative rules and regulations.

从事经营性通用航空，限于企业法人。
The operation of general aviation for commercial purposes is limited to corporate enterprises.

第一百四十七条 从事非经营性通用航空的，应当向国务院民用航空主管部门办理登记。
Article 147 Those engaged in general aviation operations not for commercial purposes shall register with the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council.

从事经营性通用航空的，应当向国务院民用航空主管部门申请领取通用航空经营许可证，并依法办理工商登记；未取得经营许可证的，工商行政管理部门不得办理工商登记。
Those engaged in general aviation operations for commercial purposes shall apply to the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council for general aviation operating licences, and register with the administrative department for industry and commerce according to law; no registration shall be performed by the administrative department for industry and commerce for those that failed to obtain operating licences.

第一百四十八条 通用航空企业从事经营性通用航空活动，应当与用户订立书面合同，但是紧急情况下的救护或者救灾飞行除外。
Article 148 A general aviation enterprise engaged in general aviation operations for commercial purposes shall enter into agreement in writing with users with the exception of rescue or disaster relief operations under emergent circumstances.

第一百四十九条 组织实施作业飞行时，应当采取有效措施，保证飞行安全，保护环境和生态平衡，防止对环境、居民、作物或者牲畜等造成损害。
Article 149 In organizing and carrying out aerial work, effective measures shall be taken to ensure flight safety, protect environment and ecological balance and prevent damage to be caused to environment, residents, crops or livestock.

第一百五十条 从事通用航空活动的，应当投保地面第三人责任险。
Article 150 Those engaged in general aviation operations shall be covered by insurance against liability for third parties on the surface.

第十一章 搜寻援救和事故调查
Chapter XI Search and Rescue and Accident Investigation

第一百五十一条 民用航空器遇到紧急情况时，应当发送信号，并向空中交通管制单位报告，提出援救请求；空中交通管制单位应当立即通知搜寻援救协调中心。
Article 151 A civil aircraft in emergency shall flash signals and report to air traffic control unit to request rescue; the air traffic control unit shall notify immediately the search and rescue coordination centre.

民用航空器在海上遇到紧急情况时，还应当向船舶和国家海上搜寻援救组织发送信号。
A civil aircraft in emergency on the sea shall also flash signals to vessels and national maritime search and rescue service.

第一百五十二条 发现民用航空器遇到紧急情况或者收听到民用航空器遇到紧急情况的信号的单位或者个人，应当立即通知有关的搜寻援救协调中心、海上搜寻援救组织或者当地人民政府。
Article 152 Any unit or person observing or listening in to the emergency of a civil aircraft shall immediately notify the search and rescue coordination centre concerned, the maritime search and rescue service concerned or the local People's Government.

第一百五十三条 收到通知的搜寻援救协调中心、地方人民政府和海上搜寻援救组织，应当立即组织搜寻援救。
Article 153 Upon receiving the notification, the search and rescue coordination centre, the local People's Government and the maritime search and rescue service shall immediately organize the search and rescue operation.

收到通知的搜寻援救协调中心，应当设法将已经采取的搜寻援救措施通知遇到紧急情况的民用航空器。
The search and rescue coordination centre which has received the notice shall manage to notify the civil aircraft in emergency of the search and rescue measures already taken.

搜寻援救民用航空器的具体办法，由国务院规定。
The specific measures for searching and rescuing civil aircraft shall be formulated by the State Council.

第一百五十四条 执行搜寻援救任务的单位或者个人，应当尽力抢救民用航空器所载人员，按照规定对民用航空器采取抢救措施并保护现场，保存证据。
Article 154 The unit or person performing search and rescue mission shall do their best to rescue the persons carried in the civil aircraft, and take measures to rescue the civil aircraft, protect the scene of accident and preserve evidences according to regulations.

第一百五十五条 民用航空器事故的当事人以及有关人员在接受调查时，应当如实提供现场情况和与事故有关的情节。
Article 155 The parties to an accident of civil aircraft and persons concerned shall, at the time of investigation, truthfully reflect the situation at the scene of accident and other information concerning the accident.

第一百五十六条 民用航空器事故调查的组织和程序，由国务院规定。
Article 156 The organization and procedures of the investigation of civil aircraft accident shall be prescribed by the State Council.

帅哥

第十二章 对地面第三人损害的赔偿责任
Chapter XII Liability for Damage to Third Parties on the Surface

第一百五十七条 因飞行中的民用航空器或者从飞行中的民用航空器上落下的人或者物，造成地面（包括水面，下同）上的人身伤亡或者财产损害的，受害人有权获得赔偿；
Article 157 Any person on the surface(including water surface, the same below) who suffers death or personal injury or damage to property caused by a civil aircraft in flight or by any person or thing falling therefrom shall be entitled to compensation.

但是，所受损害并非造成损害的事故的直接后果，或者所受损害仅是民用航空器依照国家有关的空中交通规则在空中通过造成的，受害人无权要求赔偿。
Nevertheless, the person suffers damage shall have no right to compensation if the damage is not a direct consequence of the incident giving rise thereto, or if the damage results from the mere fact of passage of the civil aircraft through the airspace in conformity with air traffic regulations concerned of the State.

前款所称飞行中，是指自民用航空器为实际起飞而使用动力时起至着陆冲程终了时止；
The term   in flight   mentioned in the preceding paragraph means the period beginning from the moment when power is applied by a civil aircraft for the purpose of actual takeoff until the moment when the landing run ends.

就轻于空气的民用航空器而言，飞行中是指自其离开地面时起至其重新着地时止。
In the case of a civil aircraft lighter than air, the expression   in flight   relates to the period from the moment when it becomes detached from the surface until it becomes again attached thereto.

第一百五十八条 本法第一百五十七条规定的赔偿责任，由民用航空器的经营人承担。
Article 158 The liability for compensation contemplated by Article 157 of this Law shall attach to the operator of the civil aircraft.

前款所称经营人，是指损害发生时使用民用航空器的人。民用航空器的使用权已经直接或者间接地授予他人，本人保留对该民用航空器的航行控制权的，本人仍被视为经营人。
The term   operator   mentioned in the preceding paragraph means the person who was making use of the civil aircraft at the time the damage was caused. However, if the control of the navigation of the civil aircraft was retained by the person from whom the right to make use of the civil aircraft was derived, whether directly or indirectly, that person shall still be considered the operator.

经营人的受雇人、代理人在受雇、代理过程中使用民用航空器，无论是否在其受雇、代理范围内行事，均视为经营人使用民用航空器。
The operator shall be considered to be making use of a civil aircraft when his servants or agents are using the civil aircraft in the course of their employment, whether or not within the scope of their authority.

民用航空器登记的所有人应当被视为经营人，并承担经营人的责任；除非在判定其责任的诉讼中，所有人证明经营人是他人，并在法律程序许可的范围内采取适当措施使该人成为诉讼当事人之一。
The registered owner of the civil aircraft shall be presumed to be the operator and shall be liable as such unless, in the proceedings for the determination of his liability, he proves that some other person was the operator and, in so far as legal procedures permit, takes appropriate measures to make that other person a party in the proceedings.

第一百五十九条 未经对民用航空器有航行控制权的人同意而使用民用航空器，对地面第三人造成损害的，有航行控制权的人除证明本人已经适当注意防止此种使用外，应当与该非法使用人承担连带责任。
Article 159 If a person makes use of a civil aircraft without the consent of the person entitled to its navigational control and caused a damage to third parties on the surface, the person entitled to the navigation control, unless he proves that he has exercised due care to prevent such use, shall be jointly and severally liable with the unlawful user.

第一百六十条 损害是武装冲突或者骚乱的直接后果，依照本章规定应当承担责任的人不承担责任。
Article 160 Any person who would otherwise be liable under the provisions of this Chapter shall not be liable if the damage is the direct consequence of armed conflict or civil disturbance.

依照本章规定应当承担责任的人对民用航空器的使用权业经国家机关依法剥夺的，不承担责任。
Any person who would otherwise be liable under the provision of this Chapter shall not be liable if such person has been deprived of the right to use the civil aircraft by the public authority according to law.

第一百六十一条 依照本章规定应当承担责任的人证明损害是完全由于受害人或者其受雇人、代理人的过错造成的，免除其赔偿责任；
Article 161 Any person who would otherwise be liable under the provisions of this Chapter shall be exonerated from the liability for damage if he proves that the damage was caused solely by the fault of the person who suffers the damage or of the latter's servants or agents.

应当承担责任的人证明损害是部分由于受害人或者其受雇人、代理人的过错造成的，相应减轻其赔偿责任。
If the person liable proves that the damage was contributed to by the fault of the person who suffers the damage, or of his servants or agents, the compensation shall be reduced to the extent to which such fault contributed to the damage.

但是，损害是由于受害人的受雇人、代理人的过错造成时，受害人证明其受雇人、代理人的行为超出其所授权的范围的，不免除或者不减轻应当承担责任的人的赔偿责任。
Nevertheless, there shall be no such exoneration or reduction if, in the case of the fault of a servant or agent, the person who suffers the damage proves that his servant or agent was acting outside the scope of his authority.

一人对另一人的死亡或者伤害提起诉讼，请求赔偿时，损害是该另一人或者其受雇人、代理人的过错造成的，适用前款规定。
Where an action is brought by one person to recover the damage arising from the death or injury of another person, and the damage was caused by the fault of such other person, or of his servants or agents, the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply.

第一百六十二条 两个以上的民用航空器在飞行中相撞或者相扰，造成本法第一百五十七条规定的应当赔偿的损害，或者两个以上的民用航空器共同造成此种损害的，各有关民用航空器均应当被认为已经造成此种损害，各有关民用航空器的经营人均应当承担责任。
Article 162 When two or more civil aircraft have collided or interfered with each other in flight and damage for which a right to compensation as contemplated in Article 157 of this Law results, or when two or more civil aircraft have jointly caused such damage, each of the civil aircraft concerned shall be considered to have caused the damage and the operator of each civil aircraft shall be liable.

第一百六十三条 本法第一百五十八条第四款和第一百五十九条规定的人，享有依照本章规定经营人所能援用的抗辩权。
Article 163 The persons referred to in paragraph 4 of Article 158 and Article 159 of this Law shall be entitled to all defences which are available to an operator under the provisions of this Chapter.

第一百六十四条 除本章有明确规定外，经营人、所有人和本法第一百五十九条规定的应当承担责任的人，以及他们的受雇人、代理人，对于飞行中的民用航空器或者从飞行中的民用航空器上落下的人或者物造成的地面上的损害不承担责任，但是故意造成此种损害的人除外。
Article 164 Neither the operator, the owner, any person liable under Article 159 of this Law, nor their respective servants or agents, shall be liable for damage on the surface caused by a civil aircraft in flight or any person or thing falling therefrom otherwise than as expressly provided in this Chapter, except any such person who has caused the damage deliberately.

第一百六十五条 本章不妨碍依照本章规定应当对损害承担责任的人向他人追偿的权利。
Article 165 Nothing in this Chapter shall prejudice the question whether a person liable for damage in accordance with its provisions has a right of recourse against any other person.

第一百六十六条 民用航空器的经营人应当投保地面第三人责任险或者取得相应的责任担保。
Article 166 The operator of a civil aircraft shall be covered by insurance against liability for third parties on the surface or obtain corresponding guarantee.

第一百六十七条 保险人和担保人除享有与经营人相同的抗辩权，以及对伪造证件进行抗辩的权利外，对依照本章规定提出的赔偿请求只能进行下列抗辩：
Article 167 The insurer or the guarantor may, in addition to the defences available to the operator, and the defence of forgery, set up only the following defences against claims brought up in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter:

（一）损害发生在保险或者担保终止有效后；然而保险或者担保在飞行中期满的，该项保险或者担保在飞行计划中所载下一次降落前继续有效，但是不得超过二十四小时；
(1) That the damage occurred after the insurance or guarantee ceased to be effective. However, if the insurance or guarantee expires during a flight, it should be continued in force until the next landing specified in the flight plan, but no longer than twenty-four hours; and

（二）损害发生在保险或者担保所指定的地区范围外，除非飞行超出该范围是由于不可抗力、援助他人所必需，或者驾驶、航行或者领航上的差错造成的。
(2) That the damage occurred outside the territorial limits provided by the insurance or guarantee, unless flight outside of such limits was caused by force majeure, assistance justified by the circumstances or an error in piloting, operation or navigation.

前款关于保险或者担保继续有效的规定，只在对受害人有利时适用。
The continuation in force of the insurance and guarantee under the provisions of the preceding paragraph shall apply only for the benefit of the person suffering damage.

第一百六十八条 仅在下列情形下，受害人可以直接对保险人或者担保人提起诉讼，但是不妨碍受害人根据有关保险合同或者担保合同的法律规定提起直接诉讼的权利：
Article 168 Without prejudice to any right of direct action which the person suffering damage may have under the law governing the contract of insurance or guarantee, such person may bring a direct action against the insurer or guarantor only in the following cases:

（一）根据本法第一百六十七条第（一）项、第（二）项规定，保险或者担保继续有效的；（二）经营人破产的。
(1) Where the insurance or guarantee is continued in force under the provisions of sub-paragraphs(1) and(2) of Article 167 of this Law; and(2) The bankruptcy of the operator.

除本法第一百六十七条第一款规定的抗辩权，保险人或者担保人对受害人依照本章规定提起的直接诉讼不得以保险或者担保的无效或者追溯力终止为由进行抗辩。
Excepting the defences specified in paragraph 1 of Article 167 of this Law, the insurer or guarantor may not, with respect to direct actions brought by the person suffering damage in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter, avail himself of any ground of nullity of the insurance or guarantee or any right of retroactive cancellation in setting up defences.

第一百六十九条 依照本法第一百六十六条规定提供的保险或者担保，应当被专门指定优先支付本章规定的赔偿。
Article 169 If insurance or guarantee is furnished in accordance with Article 166 of this Law, it shall be specifically and preferentially assigned to payment of claims under this Chapter.

第一百七十条 保险人应当支付给经营人的款项，在本章规定的第三人的赔偿请求未满足前，不受经营人的债权人的扣留和处理。
Article 170 Any sum due to an operator from an insurer shall be exempt from seizure and execution by creditors of the operator until claims of third parties under this Chapter have been satisfied.

第一百七十一条 地面第三人损害赔偿的诉讼时效期间为二年，自损害发生之日起计算；但是，在任何情况下，时效期间不得超过自损害发生之日起三年。
Article 171 Actions concerning indemnity for damage to third parties on the surface shall be subject to a period of limitation of two years from the date of the incident which caused the damage; but in any case such period shall not go beyond a period of three years from the date of the incident which caused the damage.

第一百七十二条 本章规定不适用于下列损害：
Article 172 The provisions of this Chapter shall not apply to the following damage:

（一）对飞行中的民用航空器或者对该航空器上的人或者物造成的损害；
(1) The damage caused to a civil aircraft in flight, or to persons or cargo on board such aircraft;

（二）为受害人同经营人或者同发生损害时对民用航空器有使用权的人订立的合同所约束，或者为适用两方之间的劳动合同的法律有关职工赔偿的规定所约束的损害；
(2) The damage which is regulated either by a contract between the person who suffers such damage and the operator or the person entitled to use the civil aircraft at the time the damage occurred, or by the law relating to workman's compensation applicable to a contract of employment between such persons; and

（三）核损害。
(3) Nuclear damage.

第十三章 对外国民用航空器的特别规定
Chapter XIII Special Provisions Governing Foreign Civil Aircraft

第一百七十三条 外国人经营的外国民用航空器，在中华人民共和国境内从事民用航空活动，适用本章规定；本章没有规定的，适用本法其他有关规定。
Article 173 The provisions of this Chapter shall be applicable to foreign civil aircraft operated by foreigners and engaged in civil aviation activities in the territory of the People's Republic of China; where no provisions are available in this Chapter, other provisions concerned in this Law shall apply.

第一百七十四条 外国民用航空器根据其国籍登记国政府与中华人民共和国政府签订的协定、协议的规定，或者经中华人民共和国国务院民用航空主管部门批准或者接受，方可飞入、飞出中华人民共和国领空和在中华人民共和国境内飞行、降落。
Article 174 A foreign civil aircraft may enter or leave the airspace of the People's Republic of China, and operate or land in the territory of the People's Republic of China only in accordance with the air transport agreement concluded between the Government of the People's Republic of China and the government of the State in which the aircraft is registered, or in accordance with the approval or clearance of the competent civil aviation authority under the State Council of the People's Republic of China.