ATC

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2. “MANPADS alert. Exercise extreme caution. MANPADS attack observed by tower one-half mile northwest of airfield at one-two-five-zero Zulu.” “Advise on initial contact if you want to divert.” REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 10-2-13, MANPADS Alert. FAAO JO 7210.3, Para 2-1-9, Handling MANPADS Incidents. c. Terminal facilities shall include reported unauthorized laser illumination events on the ATIS broadcast for one hour following the last report. Include the time, location, altitude, color, and direction of the laser as reported by the pilot. PHRASEOLOGY- UNAUTHORIZED LASER ILLUMINATION EVENT, (UTC time), (location), (altitude), (color), (direction). EXAMPLE- UNAUTHORIZED LASER ILLUMINATION EVENT, AT 0100z, 8 MILE FINAL RUNWAY 18R AT 3,000 FEET, GREEN LASER FROM THE SOUTHWEST. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para_10-2-14, Unauthorized Laser Illumination of Aircraft. FAAO JO 7210.3, Para 2-1-27, Reporting Unauthorized Laser Illumination of Aircraft. d. The ceiling/sky condition, visibility, and obstructions to vision may be omitted if the ceiling is above 5,000 feet and the visibility is more than 5_miles. EXAMPLE- A remark may be made, “The weather is better than five_thousand and five.” e. Instrument/visual approach/s in use. Specify landing runway/s unless the runway is that to which the instrument approach is made. f. Departure runway/s (to be given only if different from landing runway/s or in the instance of a “departure only” ATIS).

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2-9-3. CONTENT Include the following in ATIS broadcast as appropriate: a. Airport/facility name, phonetic letter code, time of weather sequence (UTC). Weather information consisting of wind direction and velocity, visibility, obstructions to vision, present weather, sky condition, temperature, dew point, altimeter, a density altitude advisory when appropriate and other pertinent remarks included in the official weather observation. Wind direction, velocity, and altimeter shall be reported from certified direct reading instruments. Temperature and dew point should be reported from certified direct reading sensors when available. Always include weather observation remarks of lightning, cumulonimbus, and towering cumulus clouds. NOTE- ASOS/AWOS is to be considered the primary source of wind direction, velocity, and altimeter data for weather observation purposes at those locations that are so equipped. The ASOS Operator Interface Device (OID) displays the magnetic wind as “MAG WND” in the auxiliary data location in the lower left-hand portion of the screen. Other OID displayed winds are true and are not to be used for operational purposes. b. Man-Portable Air Defense Systems (MANPADS) alert and advisory. Specify the nature and location of threat or incident, whether reported or observed and by whom, time (if known), and notification to pilots to advise ATC if they need to divert. EXAMPLE1. “MANPADS alert. Exercise extreme caution. MANPADS threat reported by TSA, Chicago area.” “Advise on initial contact if you want to divert.”

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b. When a pilot acknowledges that he/she has received the ATIS broadcast, controllers may omit those items contained in the broadcasts if they are current. Rapidly changing conditions will be issued by ATC, and the ATIS will contain the following: EXAMPLE“Latest ceiling/visibility/altimeter/wind/(other conditions) will be issued by approach control/tower.” c. Broadcast on all appropriate frequencies to advise aircraft of a change in the ATIS code/message. d. Controllers shall ensure that pilots receive the most current pertinent information. Ask the pilot to confirm receipt of the current ATIS information if the pilot does not initially state the appropriate ATIS code. Controllers shall ensure that changes to pertinent operational information is provided after the initial confirmation of ATIS information is established. Issue the current weather, runway in use, approach information, and pertinent NOTAMs to pilots who are unable to receive the ATIS. EXAMPLE“Verify you have information ALPHA.” “Information BRAVO now current, visibility three miles.” “Information CHARLIE now current, Ceiling 1500 Broken.” “Information CHARLIE now current, advise when you have CHARLIE.” JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-9-2 Automatic Terminal Information Service Procedures

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2-9-2. OPERATING PROCEDURES Maintain an ATIS message that reflects the most current arrival and departure information. a. Make a new recording when any of the following occur: 1. Upon receipt of any new official weather regardless of whether there is or is not a change in values. 2. When runway braking action reports are received that indicate runway braking is worse than that which is included in the current ATIS broadcast. 3. When there is a change in any other pertinent data, such as runway change, instrument approach in use, new or canceled NOTAMs/PIREPs/HIWAS update, etc.

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2-4-22. AIRSPACE CLASSES A, B, C, D, E, and G airspace are pronounced in the ICAO phonetics for clarification. The term “Class” may be dropped when referring to airspace in pilot/controller communications. EXAMPLE“Cessna 123 Mike Romeo cleared to enter Bravo airspace.” “Sikorsky 123 Tango Sierra cleared to enter New York Bravo airspace.” JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-4-12 JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-5-1 Route and NAVAID Description Section 5. Route and NAVAID Description 2-5-1. AIR TRAFFIC SERVICE (ATS) ROUTES Describe ATS routes as follows: a. VOR/VORTAC/TACAN airways or jet routes. State the word “Victor” or the letter “J” followed by the number of the airway or route in group form. EXAMPLE“Victor Twelve.” “J Five Thirty-Three.” b. VOR/VORTAC/TACAN alternate airways. State the word “Victor” followed by the number of the airway in group form and the alternate direction. EXAMPLE“Victor Twelve South.” c. Colored/L/MF airways. State the color of the airway followed by the number in group form. EXAMPLE“Blue Eighty-One.” d. Named Routes. State the words “North American Route” or “Bahama Route” followed by the number of the route in group form. EXAMPLE“North American Route Sixty-Seven Bravo.” “Bahama Route Fifty-Five Victor.” e. Air Traffic Service (ATS) routes. State the letter(s) of the route phonetically, followed by the number of the route in group form. EXAMPLE“Romeo Twenty.” “Alfa Fifty.” “Golf Sixty-one.” “Alfa Seven Hundred.” f. Military Training Routes (MTRs). State the letters “I-R” or “V-R” followed by the number of the route in group form. EXAMPLE“I-R Five Thirty-one.” “V-R Fifty-two.” g. Published RNAV routes. 1. High Altitude - State the letter “Q” followed by the route number in group form. EXAMPLE“Q One Forty-five.” 2. Low Altitude - State the letter of the route phonetically, followed by the number of the route in group form. EXAMPLE“Tango Two Ten.” 2-5-2. NAVAID TERMS Describe radials, arcs, courses, bearings, and quadrants of NAVAIDs as follows: a. VOR/VORTAC/TACAN/MLS/GPS Waypoint. State the name of the NAVAID or GPS Waypoint followed by the separate digits of the radial/azimuth/bearing (omitting the word “degrees”) and the word “radial/azimuth/bearing.” EXAMPLE“Appleton Zero Five Zero Radial.” “Lindburg Runway Two Seven M-L-S, Two Six Zero Azimuth.” b. Arcs about VOR-DME/VORTAC/TACAN/ MLS NAVAIDs. State the distance in miles from the NAVAID followed by the words “mile arc,” the direction from the NAVAID in terms of the eight principal points of the compass, the word “of,” and the name of the NAVAID. EXAMPLE“Two Zero mile arc southwest of O'Hare Runway Two Seven Left M-L-S.” c. Quadrant within a radius of NAVAID. State direction from NAVAID in terms of the quadrant; e.g., NE, SE, SW, NW, followed by the distance in miles from the NAVAID. EXAMPLE“Cleared to fly northeast quadrant of Phillipsburg VORTAC within Four Zero mile radius.” REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 4-4-1, Route Use. P/CG Term- Quadrant. d. Nondirectional beacons. State the course to or the bearing from the radio beacon, omitting the word “degree,” followed by the words “course to” or “bearing from,” the name of the radio beacon, and the words “radio beacon.” EXAMPLE“Three Four Zero bearing from Randolph Radio Beacon.” JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-5-2 Route and NAVAID Description e. MLS. State the azimuth to or azimuth from the MLS, omitting the word “degree” followed by the words “azimuth to” or “azimuth from,” the name of the MLS, and the term MLS. EXAMPLE“Two Six Zero azimuth to Linburgh Runway Two Seven MLS.” f. Navigation Reference System (NRS) Waypoint. State the single letter corresponding to the ICAO Flight Information Region (FIR) identifier, followed by the letter corresponding to the FIR subset (ARTCC area for the conterminous U.S.), the latitude increment in single digit or group form, and the longitude increment. EXAMPLE“Kilo Delta Three Four Uniform.” “Kilo Delta Thirty Four Uniform.” 2-5-3. NAVAID FIXES Describe fixes determined by reference to a radial/localizer/azimuth and distance from a VOR-DME/VORTAC/TACAN/ILS-DME or MLS as follows: a. When a fix is not named, state the name of the NAVAID followed by a specified radial/localizer/ azimuth, and state the distance in miles followed by the phrase “mile fix.” EXAMPLE“Appleton Zero Five Zero radial Three Seven mile fix.” “Reno localizer back course Four mile fix.” “Hobby Runway One Two M-L-S Zero Niner Zero azimuth One Two mile fix.” b. When a fix is charted on a SID, STAR, en route chart, or approach plate, state the name of the fix. c. Use specific terms to describe a fix. Do not use expressions such as “passing Victor Twelve” or “passing J Eleven.” JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-6-1 Weather Information Section 6. Weather Information 2-6-1. FAMILIARIZATION Become familiar with pertinent weather information when coming on duty, and stay aware of current weather information needed to perform ATC duties. 2-6-2. HAZARDOUS INFLIGHT WEATHER ADVISORY SERVICE (HIWAS) Controllers shall advise pilots of hazardous weather that may impact operations within 150 NM of their sector or area of jurisdiction. Hazardous weather information contained in HIWAS broadcasts includes Airmen's Meteorological Information (AIRMET), Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET), Convective SIGMET (WST), Urgent Pilot Weather Reports (UUA), and Center Weather Advisories (CWA). Facilities shall review alert messages to determine the geographical area and operational impact for hazardous weather information broadcasts. The broadcast is not required if aircraft on your frequency(s) will not be affected. a. Controllers within commissioned HIWAS areas shall broadcast a HIWAS alert on all frequencies, except emergency frequency, upon receipt of hazardous weather information. Controllers are required to disseminate data based on the operational impact on the sector or area of control jurisdiction. NOTE- The inclusion of the type and number of weather advisory responsible for the HIWAS advisory is optional. PHRASEOLOGY- ATTENTION ALL AIRCRAFT. HAZARDOUS WEATHER INFORMATION (SIGMET, Convective SIGMET, AIRMET, Urgent Pilot Weather Report (UUA), or Center Weather Advisory (CWA), Number or Numbers) FOR (geographical area) AVAILABLE ON HIWAS, FLIGHT WATCH, OR FLIGHT SERVICE FREQUENCIES. b. Controllers outside of commissioned HIWAS areas shall: 1. Advise pilots of the availability of hazardous weather advisories. Pilots requesting additional information should be directed to contact the nearest Flight Watch or Flight Service. 2. Apply the same procedure when HIWAS outlets, or outlets with radio coverage extending into your sector or airspace under your jurisdiction, are out of service. PHRASEOLOGY- ATTENTION ALL AIRCRAFT. HAZARDOUS WEATHER INFORMATION FOR (geographical area) AVAILABLE FROM FLIGHT WATCH OR FLIGHT SERVICE. c. Terminal facilities have the option to limit hazardous weather information broadcasts as follows: Tower cab and approach control facilities may opt to broadcast hazardous weather information alerts only when any part of the area described is within 50_NM of the airspace under their jurisdiction. REFERENCE- AIM, Chapter 7, Section 1, Meteorology, Para 7-1-5 through Para_7-1-9. 2-6-3. PIREP INFORMATION Significant PIREP information includes reports of strong frontal activity, squall lines, thunderstorms, light to severe icing, wind shear and turbulence (including clear air turbulence) of moderate or greater intensity, volcanic eruptions and volcanic ash clouds, and other conditions pertinent to flight safety. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 3-1-8, Low Level Wind Shear/Microburst Advisories. FAAO JO 7210.3, Para_6-3-1, Handling of SIGMETs, CWAs, and PIREPs. AIM, Para 7-5-9, Flight Operations in Volcanic Ash. FAAO JO 7210.3, Para 10-3-1, SIGMET and PIREP Handling. a. Solicit PIREPs when requested or when one of the following conditions exists or is forecast for your area of jurisdiction: 1. Ceilings at or below 5,000 feet. These PIREPs shall include cloud base/top reports when feasible. TERMINAL. Ensure that at least one descent/climb- out PIREP, including cloud base/s, top/s, and other related phenomena, is obtained each hour. EN ROUTE. When providing approach control services, the requirements stated in TERMINAL above apply. 2. Visibility (surface or aloft) at or less than 5_miles. 3. Thunderstorms and related phenomena. 4. Turbulence of moderate degree or greater. JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-6-2 Weather Information 5. Icing of light degree or greater. 6. Wind shear. 7. Volcanic ash clouds. NOTE- Pilots may forward PIREPs regarding volcanic activity using the format described in the Volcanic Activity Reporting Form (VAR) as depicted in the AIM, Appendix_2. 8. TERMINAL. Braking Action Advisories are in effect. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 3-3-5, Braking Action Advisories. P/CG Term- Braking Action Advisories. b. Record with the PIREPs: 1. Time. 2. Aircraft position. 3. Type aircraft. 4. Altitude. 5. When the PIREP involves icing include: (a) Icing type and intensity. (b) Air temperature in which icing is occurring. c. Obtain PIREPs directly from the pilot, or if the PIREP has been requested by another facility, you may instruct the pilot to deliver it directly to that facility. PHRASEOLOGY- REQUEST/SAY FLIGHT CONDITIONS. Or if appropriate, REQUEST/SAY (specific conditions; i.e., ride, cloud, visibility, etc.) CONDITIONS. If necessary, OVER (fix), or ALONG PRESENT ROUTE, or BETWEEN (fix) AND (fix). d. Handle PIREPs as follows: 1. Relay pertinent PIREP information to concerned aircraft in a timely manner. 2. EN ROUTE. Relay all operationally significant PIREPs to the facility weather coordinator. 3. TERMINAL. Relay all operationally significant PIREPs to: (a) The appropriate intrafacility positions. (b) The AFSS/FSS serving the area in which the report was obtained. NOTE- The AFSS/FSS is responsible for long line dissemination. (c) Other concerned terminal or en route ATC facilities, including non-FAA facilities. (d) Use the word gain and/or loss when describing to pilots the effects of wind shear on airspeed. EXAMPLE“Delta Seven Twenty-one, a Boeing Seven Twenty-seven, previously reported wind shear, loss of Two Five knots at Four Hundred feet.” “U.S. Air Seventy-six, a D-C Niner, previously reported wind shear, gain of Twenty-Five knots between Niner_Hundred and Six Hundred feet, followed by a loss of Five Zero knots between Five Hundred feet and the surface.” REFERENCE- AIM, Para 7-1-24, Wind Shear PIREPs. 2-6-4. WEATHER AND CHAFF SERVICES a. Issue pertinent information on observed/ reported weather and chaff areas. When requested by the pilot, provide radar navigational guidance and/or approve deviations around weather or chaff areas. 1. Issue weather and chaff information by defining the area of coverage in terms of azimuth (by referring to the 12-hour clock) and distance from the aircraft or by indicating the general width of the area and the area of coverage in terms of fixes or distance and direction from fixes. PHRASEOLOGY- WEATHER/CHAFF AREA BETWEEN (number)O'CLOCK AND (number) O'CLOCK (number)_MILES, or (number) MILE BAND OF WEATHER/CHAFF FROM (fix or number of miles and direction from fix) TO (fix or number of miles and direction from fix). JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-6-3 Weather Information 2. When a deviation cannot be approved as requested and the situation permits, suggest an alternative course of action. PHRASEOLOGY- UNABLE DEVIATION (state possible alternate course of action). FLY HEADING (heading), or PROCEED DIRECT (name of NAVAID). b. In areas of significant weather, plan ahead and be prepared to suggest, upon pilot request, the use of alternative routes/altitudes. PHRASEOLOGY- DEVIATION APPROVED, (restrictions if necessary), ADVISE WHEN ABLE TO: RETURN TO COURSE, or RESUME OWN NAVIGATION, or FLY HEADING (heading), or PROCEED DIRECT (name of NAVAID). NOTE- Weather significant to the safety of aircraft includes such conditions as funnel cloud activity, lines of thunderstorms, embedded thunderstorms, large hail, wind shear, microbursts, moderate to extreme turbulence (including CAT), and light to severe icing. REFERENCE- AIM, Para 7-1-14, ATC Inflight Weather Avoidance Assistance. c. Inform any tower for which you provide approach control services of observed precipitation on radar which is likely to affect their operations. d. Use the term “precipitation” when describing radar-derived weather. Issue the precipitation intensity from the lowest descriptor (LIGHT) to the highest descriptor (EXTREME) when that information is available. Do not use the word “turbulence” in describing radar-derived weather. 1. LIGHT. 2. MODERATE. 3. HEAVY. 4. EXTREME. NOTE- Weather and Radar Processor (WARP) does not display light intensity. PHRASEOLOGY(Intensity) PRECIPITATION BETWEEN (number) O'CLOCK AND (number) O'CLOCK, (number) MILES. MOVING (direction) AT (number) KNOTS, TOPS (altitude). PRECIPITATION AREA IS (number) MILES IN DIAMETER. EXAMPLE1. “Extreme precipitation between eleven o'clock and one_o'clock, one zero miles moving east at two zero knots, tops flight level three niner zero.” 2. “Heavy precipitation between ten o'clock and two_o'clock, one five miles. Precipitation area is two five miles in diameter.” 3. “Heavy to Extreme precipitation between ten o'clock and two o'clock, one five miles. Precipitation area is two_five miles in diameter.” REFERENCE- P/CG Term- Precipitation Radar Weather Descriptions. e. When precipitation intensity information is not available. PHRASEOLOGY- PRECIPITATION BETWEEN (number) O'CLOCK AND (number) O'CLOCK, (number) MILES. MOVING (direction) AT (number) KNOTS, TOPS (altitude), PRECIPITATION AREA IS (number) MILES IN DIAMETER, INTENSITY UNKNOWN. EXAMPLE“Precipitation area between one o'clock and three_o'clock three five miles. Precipitation area is three zero miles in diameter, intensity unknown.” NOTE- Phraseology using precipitation intensity descriptions is only applicable when the radar precipitation intensity information is determined by NWS radar equipment or NAS ground based digitized radar equipment with weather capabilities. This precipitation may not reach the surface. f. EN ROUTE. When issuing Air Route Surveillance Radar (ARSR) precipitation intensity use the following: 1. Describe the lowest displayable precipitation intensity as MODERATE. 2. Describe the highest displayable precipitation intensity as HEAVY to EXTREME. PHRASEOLOGY(Intensity) PRECIPITATION BETWEEN (number) O'CLOCK AND (number) O'CLOCK, (number) MILES MOVING (direction) AT (number) KNOTS, TOPS (altitude) PRECIPITATION AREA IS (number) MILES IN DIAMETER. JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-6-4 Weather Information EXAMPLE“Moderate precipitation between ten o'clock and one_o'clock, three zero miles. Precipitation area is five_zero miles in diameter.” “Moderate to extreme precipitation twelve o'clock and three o'clock, seven zero miles. Precipitation area is one_zero zero miles in diameter.” g. When operational/equipment limitations exist, controllers shall ensure that the highest available level of precipitation intensity within their area of jurisdiction is displayed. h. The supervisory traffic management coordinator-in-charge/operations supervisor/ controller-in-charge shall verify the digitized radar weather information by the best means available (e.g., pilot reports, local tower personnel, etc.) if the weather data displayed by digitized radar is reported as questionable or erroneous. Errors in weather radar presentation shall be reported to the technical operations technician and the air traffic supervisor shall determine if the digitized radar derived weather data is to be displayed and a NOTAM distributed. NOTE- Anomalous propagation (AP) is a natural occurrence affecting radar and does not in itself constitute a weather circuit failure. 2-6-5. CALM WIND CONDITIONS TERMINAL. Describe the wind as calm when the wind velocity is less than three knots. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 3-5-3, Tailwind Components. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 3-10-4, Intersecting Runway Separation. 2-6-6. REPORTING WEATHER CONDITIONS a. When the prevailing visibility at the usual point of observation, or at the tower level, is less than 4_miles, tower personnel shall take prevailing visibility observations and apply the observations as follows: 1. Use the lower of the two observations (tower or surface) for aircraft operations. 2. Forward tower visibility observations to the weather observer. 3. Notify the weather observer when the tower observes the prevailing visibility decrease to less than 4 miles or increase to 4 miles or more. b. Forward current weather changes to the appropriate control facility as follows: 1. When the official weather changes to a condition which is below 1,000-foot ceiling or below the highest circling minimum, whichever is greater, or less than 3 miles visibility, and when it improves to a condition which is better than those above. 2. Changes which are classified as special weather observations during the time that weather conditions are below 1,000-foot ceiling or the highest circling minimum, whichever is greater, or less than 3 miles visibility. c. Towers at airports where military turbo-jet en_route descents are routinely conducted shall also report the conditions to the ARTCC even if it is not the controlling facility. d. If the receiving facility informs you that weather reports are not required for a specific time period, discontinue the reports. The time period specified should not exceed the duration of the receiving controller's tour of duty. e. EN ROUTE. When you determine that weather reports for an airport will not be required for a specific time period, inform the AFSS/FSS or tower of this determination. The time period specified should not exceed the duration of receiving controller's tour of duty. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 3-10-2, Forwarding Approach Information by Nonapproach Control Facilities. 2-6-7. DISSEMINATING WEATHER INFORMATION TERMINAL. Observed elements of weather information shall be disseminated as follows: a. General weather information, such as “large breaks in the overcast,” “visibility lowering to the south,” or similar statements which do not include specific values, and any elements derived directly from instruments, pilots, or radar may be transmitted to pilots or other ATC facilities without consulting the weather reporting station. JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-6-5 Weather Information b. Specific values, such as ceiling and visibility, may be transmitted if obtained by one of the following means: 1. You are properly certificated and acting as official weather observer for the elements being reported. NOTE- USAF controllers do not serve as official weather observers. 2. You have obtained the information from the official observer for the elements being reported. 3. The weather report was composed or verified by the weather station. 4. The information is obtained from an official Automated Weather Observation System (AWOS) or an Automated Surface Observation System (ASOS). c. Differences between weather elements observed from the tower and those reported by the weather station shall be reported to the official observer for the element concerned. JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-6-6 JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-7-1 Altimeter Settings Section 7. Altimeter Settings 2-7-1. CURRENT SETTINGS a. Current altimeter settings shall be obtained from direct-reading instruments or directly from weather reporting stations. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7210.3, Chapter 2, Section 10, Wind/Altimeter Information. b. If a pilot requests the altimeter setting in millibars, ask the nearest weather reporting station for the equivalent millibar setting. c. USAF/USA. Use the term “Estimated Altimeter” for altimeter settings reported or received as estimated. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 3-9-1, Departure Information. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 3-10-1, Landing Information. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 4-7-10, Approach Information. 2-7-2. ALTIMETER SETTING ISSUANCE BELOW LOWEST USABLE FL a. TERMINAL. Identify the source of an altimeter setting when issued for a location other than the aircraft's departure or destination airport. b. EN ROUTE. Identify the source of all altimeter settings when issued. PHRASEOLOGY- THE (facility name) (time of report if more than one hour old) ALTIMETER (setting). c. Issue the altimeter setting: 1. To en route aircraft at least one time while operating in your area of jurisdiction. Issue the setting for the nearest reporting station along the aircraft's route of flight: NOTE14 CFR Section 91.121(1) requires that the pilot set his/her altimeter to the setting of a station along his/her route of flight within 100 miles of the aircraft if one is available. However, issuance of the setting of an adjacent station during periods that a steep gradient exists will serve to inform the pilot of the difference between the setting he/she is using and the pressure in the local area and better enable him/her to choose a more advantageous setting within the limitations of 14 CFR Section 91.121. 2. TERMINAL. To all departures. Unless specifically requested by the pilot, the altimeter setting need not be issued to local aircraft operators who have requested this omission in writing or to scheduled air carriers. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 3-9-1, Departure Information. 3. TERMINAL. To arriving aircraft on initial contact or as soon as possible thereafter. The tower may omit the altimeter if the aircraft is sequenced or vectored to the airport by the approach control having jurisdiction at that facility. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 4-7-10, Approach Information. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 5-10-2, Approach Information. 4. EN ROUTE. For the destination airport to arriving aircraft, approximately 50 miles from the destination, if an approach control facility does not serve the airport. 5. In addition to the altimeter setting provided on initial contact, issue changes in altimeter setting to aircraft executing a nonprecision instrument approach as frequently as practical when the official weather report includes the remarks “pressure falling rapidly.” d. If the altimeter setting must be obtained by the pilot of an arriving aircraft from another source, instruct the pilot to obtain the altimeter setting from that source. NOTE1. The destination altimeter setting, whether from a local or remote source, is the setting upon which the instrument approach is predicated. 2. Approach charts for many locations specify the source of altimeter settings as non-FAA facilities, such as UNICOMs. e. When issuing clearance to descend below the lowest usable flight level, advise the pilot of the altimeter setting of the weather reporting station nearest the point the aircraft will descend below that flight level. f. Department of Defense (DOD) aircraft which operate on “single altimeter settings” (CFR Exemption 2861A) shall be issued altimeter settings in accordance with standard procedures while the aircraft are en route to and from their restricted areas, MOAs, and ATC assigned airspace areas. JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-7-2 Altimeter Settings g. When the barometric pressure is greater than 31.00 inches Hg., issue the altimeter setting and: 1. En Route/Arrivals. Advise pilots to remain set on altimeter 31.00 until reaching final approach segment. 2. Departures. Advise pilots to set altimeter 31.00 prior to reaching any mandatory/crossing altitude or 1,500 feet AGL, whichever is lower. PHRASEOLOGY- ALTIMETER, THREE ONE TWO FIVE, SET THREE ONE ZERO ZERO UNTIL REACHING THE FINAL APPROACH FIX. or ALTIMETER, THREE ONE ONE ZERO, SET THREE_ONE ZERO ZERO PRIOR TO REACHING ONE_THOUSAND THREE HUNDRED. NOTE1. Aircraft with Mode C altitude reporting will be displayed on the controller's radar scope with a uniform altitude offset above the assigned altitude. With an actual altimeter of 31.28 inches Hg, the Mode C equipped aircraft will show 3,300 feet when assigned 3,000 feet. This will occur unless local directives authorize entering the altimeter setting 31.00 into the computer system regardless of the actual barometric pressure. 2. Flight Standards will implement high barometric pressure procedures by NOTAM defining the geographic area affected. 3. Airports unable to accurately measure barometric pressures above 31.00 inches Hg. will report the barometric pressure as “missing” or “in excess of 31.00_inches of Hg.” Flight operations to or from those airports are restricted to VFR weather conditions. REFERENCE- AIM, Para 7-2-2, Procedures. FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 3-10-1, Landing Information. JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-8-1 Runway Visibility Reporting- Terminal Section 8. Runway Visibility Reporting- Terminal 2-8-1. FURNISH RVR/RVV VALUES Where RVR or RVV equipment is operational, irrespective of subsequent operation or nonoperation of navigational or visual aids for the application of RVR/RVV as a takeoff or landing minima, furnish the values for the runway in use in accordance with para_2-8-3, Terminology. NOTE- Readout capability of different type/model RVR equipment varies. For example, older equipment minimum readout value is 600 feet. Newer equipment may have minimum readout capability as low as 100 feet. Readout value increments also may differ. Older equipment have minimum readout increments of 200 feet. New equipment increments below 800 feet are 100 feet. REFERENCE- FAAO 6560.10, Runway Visual Range (RVR). FAAO 6750.24, Instrument Landing System (ILS) and Ancillary Electronic Component Configuration & Perf. Req. 2-8-2. ARRIVAL/DEPARTURE RUNWAY VISIBILITY a. Issue current touchdown RVR/RVV for the runway(s) in use: 1. When prevailing visibility is 1 mile or less regardless of the value indicated. 2. When RVR/RVV indicates a reportable value regardless of the prevailing visibility. NOTE- Reportable values are: RVR 6,000 feet or less; RVV_11 /2_miles or less. 3. When it is determined from a reliable source that the indicated RVR value differs by more than 400_feet from the actual conditions within the area of the transmissometer, the RVR data is not acceptable and shall not be reported. NOTE- A reliable source is considered to be a certified weather observer, automated weather observing system, air traffic controller, flight service specialist, or pilot. 4. When the observer has reliable reports, or has otherwise determined that the instrument values are not representative of the associated runway, the data shall not be used. b. Issue both mid-point and roll-out RVR when the value of either is less than 2,000 feet and the touchdown RVR is greater than the mid-point or roll-out RVR. c. Local control shall issue the current RVR/RVV to each aircraft prior to landing or departure in accordance with subparas a and b. 2-8-3. TERMINOLOGY a. Provide RVR/RVV information by stating the runway, the abbreviation RVR/RVV, and the indicated value. When issued along with other weather elements, transmit these values in the normal sequence used for weather reporting. EXAMPLE“Runway One Four RVR Two Thousand Four Hundred.” “Runway Three Two RVV Three Quarters.” b. When two or more RVR systems serve the runway in use, report the indicated values for the different systems in terms of touchdown, mid, and rollout as appropriate. EXAMPLE“Runway Two Two Left RVR Two Thousand, rollout One_Thousand Eight Hundred.” “Runway Two Seven Right RVR One Thousand, mid_Eight_Hundred, rollout Six Hundred.” c. When there is a requirement to issue an RVR or RVV value and a visibility condition greater or less than the reportable values of the equipment is indicated, state the condition as “MORE THAN” or “LESS THAN” the appropriate minimum or maximum readable value. EXAMPLE“Runway Three Six RVR more than Six Thousand.” “Runway Niner RVR One Thousand, rollout less than Six_Hundred.” JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-8-2 Runway Visibility Reporting- Terminal d. When a readout indicates a rapidly varying visibility condition (1,000 feet or more for RVR; one or more reportable values for RVV), report the current value followed by the range of visibility variance. EXAMPLE“Runway Two Four RVR Two Thousand, variable One_Thousand Six Hundred to Three Thousand.” “Runway Three One RVV Three-quarters, variable One-quarter to One.” REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-8-1, Furnish RVR/RVV Values. JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-9-1 Automatic Terminal Information Service Procedures Section 9. Automatic Terminal Information Service Procedures 2-9-1. APPLICATION Use the ATIS, where available, to provide advance noncontrol airport/terminal area and meteorological information to aircraft. a. Identify each ATIS message by a phonetic letter code word at both the beginning and the end of the message. Automated systems will have the phonetic letter code automatically appended. Exceptions may be made where omissions are required because of special programs or equipment. 1. Each alphabet letter phonetic word shall be used sequentially, except as authorized in subpara a2, beginning with “Alpha,” ending with “Zulu,” and repeated without regard to the beginning of a new day. Identify the first resumed broadcast message with “Alpha” or the first assigned alphabet letter word in the event of a broadcast interruption of more than 12 hours. 2. Specific sequential portions of the alphabet may be assigned between facilities or an arrival and departure ATIS when designated by a letter of agreement or facility directive. REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7210.3, Para 10-4-1, Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS). b. The ATIS recording shall be reviewed for completeness, accuracy, speech rate, and proper enunciation before being transmitted. c. Arrival and departure messages, when broadcast separately, need only contain information appropriate for that operation.

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2-4-21. DESCRIPTION OF AIRCRAFT TYPES Except for heavy aircraft, describe aircraft as follows when issuing traffic information. a. Military: 1. Military designator, with numbers spoken in group form, or 2. Service and type, or 3. Type only if no confusion or misidentification is likely. b. Air Carrier: 1. Manufacturer's model or designator. 2. Add the manufacturer's name, company name or other identifying features when confusion or misidentification is likely. EXAMPLE“L-Ten-Eleven.” “American MD-Eighty. Seven Thirty-Seven.” “Boeing Seven Fifty-Seven.” NOTE- Pilots of “interchange” aircraft are expected to inform the tower on the first radio contact the name of the operating company and trip number followed by the company name, as displayed on the aircraft, and the aircraft type. c. General Aviation and Air Taxi: 1. Manufacturer's model, or designator. 2. Manufacturer's name, or add color when considered advantageous. EXAMPLE“Tri-Pacer.” “P A Twenty-Two.” “Cessna Four-Oh-One.” “Blue and white King Air.” “Airliner.” “Sikorsky S-Seventy-Six.” d. When issuing traffic information to aircraft following a heavy jet, specify the word “heavy” before the manufacturer's name and model. EXAMPLE“Heavy L-Ten-Eleven.” “Heavy C-Five.” “Heavy Boeing Seven Forty-Seven.” REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-1-21, Traffic Advisories.

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2. Air carrier. The abbreviated name of the operating company followed by the letters or digits of the registration or call sign. EXAMPLE“Air France F-L-R-L-G.” JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-4-11 Radio and Interphone Communications 3. The flight number in group form, or you may use separate digits if that is the format used by the pilot. EXAMPLE“Scandinavian Sixty-eight.” “Scandinavian Six Eight.” 4. Foreign Military. Except Canada, the name of the country and the military service followed by the separate digits or letters of the registration or call sign. Canadian Forces aircraft shall be identified by the word “CANFORCE” followed by the separate digits of the serial number. The Canadian Coast Guard shall be identified as “Canadian Coast Guard” followed by the separate digits of the serial number. EXAMPLE“Canforce Five Six Two Seven.” “Brazilian Air Force Five Three Two Seven Six.”

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10. Other Special Flights. (a) Department of Energy flights. State the letters “R-A-C” (use phonetic alphabet equivalents) followed by the last 4 separate digits of the aircraft registration number. EXAMPLE“Romeo Alfa Charlie One Six Five Three.” (b) Flight Inspection of navigational aids. State the call sign “FLIGHT CHECK” followed by the digits of the registration number. EXAMPLE“Flight Check Three Niner Six Five Four.” (c) USAF aircraft engaged in aerial sampling missions. State the call sign “SAMP” followed by the last three digits of the serial number. EXAMPLE“SAMP Three One Six.” REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 9-2-16, SAMP. 11. Use a pilot's name in identification of an aircraft only in special or emergency situations. b. Foreign registry. State one of the following: 1. Civil. State the aircraft type or the manufacturer's name followed by the letters/numbers of the aircraft registration, or state the letters or digits of the aircraft registration or call sign. EXAMPLE“Stationair F-L-R-B.” “C-F-L-R-B.” NOTE- Letters may be spoken individually or phonetically.

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9. DOT and FAA flights. The following alphanumeric identifiers and radio/interphone call signs are established for use in air/ground communications when the Secretary of Transportation, Deputy Secretary of Transportation, FAA Administrator or FAA Deputy Administrator have a requirement to identify themselves. (See_TBL 2-4-2.) TBL 2-4-2 DOT and FAA Alphanumeric Identifiers and Call Signs Official Identifier Call Sign Secretary of Transportation DOT-1 Transport-1 Deputy Secretary of Transportation DOT-2 Transport-2 Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration FAA-1 Safeair-1 Deputy Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration FAA-2 Safeair-2

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(i) NORAD interceptors. An assigned double letter 2-digit flight number. EXAMPLE“Alfa Kilo One Five.” JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 2-4-10 Radio and Interphone Communications 7. Presidential aircraft and Presidential family aircraft: (a) When the President is aboard a military aircraft, state the name of the military service, followed by the word “One.” EXAMPLE“Air Force One.” “Army One.” “Marine One.” (b) When the President is aboard a civil aircraft, state the words “Executive One.” (c) When a member of the President's family is aboard any aircraft, if the U.S. Secret Service or the White House Staff determines it is necessary, state the words “Executive One Foxtrot.” REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-1-4, Operational Priority. 8. Vice Presidential aircraft: (a) When the Vice President is aboard a military aircraft, state the name of the military service, followed by the word “Two.” EXAMPLE“Air Force Two.” “Army Two.” “Marine Two.” (b) When the Vice President is aboard a civil aircraft, state the words “Executive Two.” (c) When a member of the Vice President's family is aboard any aircraft, if the U.S. Secret Service or the White House Staff determines it is necessary, state the words “Executive Two Foxtrot.” REFERENCE- FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 2-1-4, Operational Priority.