aviation terms

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JERK Rate of change of acceleration, either scalar or vector, often with subscripts such as ENU or XYZ to denote the coordinate frame; time derivative of a... - b" E% T' a; I0 I% a- c5 iJET PROP Describes aircraft using turbine engines to drive propellers. JET STREAM A migrating stream of high-speed winds present at high altitudes. JET-A1 Jet Fuel type A1 ; ? a0 Q/ P$ n: c+ xJOSTLE British airborne jamming device to disrupt enemy RT transmissions. $ ~8 m9 K4 d0 T( a! E) x1 z3 BJPPL JAR-FCL Private Pilots License (AOPA internal abbreviation) JSA Joint Steering Assembly (JAA) - v/ z" x' @* X: pJUG Nickname for the P-47 1 U r( a) Z+ ^JURG Joint User Requirement Group $ k4 o! o6 R7 _# \K Airspace Euro control Project Class K (all traffic known) ! J( _ a% j+ S; _KALMAN FILTER A filter for putting together multiple data sources, of different types, to return an estimate better than any one source; KALTINT Altitude integral advantage. - \- b$ {& F8 [9 VKAMMHUBER-LI RAF nickname for the zonal system of air defense set up by General Joseph Kammhuber. KAMPF GESHWADER; Luftwaffe Bomber wing KIAS Knots Indicated Air Speed; IAS, in knots. KINT Path integral gain KIT A Kit is an unassembled aircraft, it arrives as packages of parts it must be assembled, as opposed to an ARF; Almost Ready to Fly, which is mostly pre... KITE means a framework, covered with paper, cloth, metal, or other material, intended to be flown at the end of a rope or cable, and having as its only sup... KLA Reference Acceleration Gain. 4 t! s$ p; O: I' o3 Z$ JKNICKEBEIN German radio beam/beams used to guide bombers to their targets. ( c2 ^8 o" f! L% \, w* i/ K* m" WKNOT One nautical mile/hour, which is about 1.15 stature miles/hour. : t- `7 o; y7 j. T" @6 v2 jKNOWN ICING FAA certified to fly into icing conditions. KORFU (FuG 351) German ground radar often used to produce fixes on the bombers H2S equipment. 9 O9 N+ i3 N) eKOSIF knots Indicated Air Speed. 1 e+ M& q, a4 vKPH Kilometers/hour KPI Key Performance Indicator (KPI) KT(S) knots true air speed (KT) KTAE Track angle error gain (KTAE) ! a- _; v& y3 H M# u" [7 {2 E0 Z5 EKTAS Knots True Air Speed (KTAS). TAS, in knots. 7 Y: A# P2 ^ O8 O/ E1 mKVSF Velocity error scale factor (KVSF) KXTKD Cross track deviation gain (KXTKD) ! F% E1 N f! g+ L; l _KXTKR Cross track deviation rate gain (KXTKR)

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KZSF Altitude error scale factor (KZSF) " G4 M. w0 N8 ?; P) u$ gL-BAND A radio frequency between 890 and 1550 MHz. $ ?6 X g2 S- L( P5 @LAAS Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) LAHSO Land And Hold Short Operation. (to cross intersecting runway). ; c' w3 g1 l" I6 u! ALANDING GEAR (LG) The assemblies this includes the wheels and the wheel struts. LANDING GEAR EXTENDED SPEED the maximum speed an aircraft can be safely flown while the landing gear is extended LANDING GEAR OPERATION SPEED the maximum speed at which landing gear can be extended or retracted safely. ; X! k3 Z C3 w! I! |$ F+ ILANDING SKID The rail type landing equipment used aircrafts which have no wheels. + O8 X1 e" P2 z/ I9 |+ w$ p8 A/ H8 YLAPLACE TRANSFORM A mathematical relationship to model. A continuing function in the complex frequency domain (S-plane). Laplace transforms are usually used by systems ... D# l) I- l# O7 yLARGE AIRCRAFT Aircraft of more than 12,500 pounds. Maximum certificated takeoff weight LASER IRS An inertial reference system getting angular rate information by measuring doppler shift between two counter-rotating light beams. ; C; a' }& k. R; P: i. E- yLASER OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE/TERRAINAVOIDANCE SENSOR (OA/TA) A sensor that warns for long, thin objects (IE: like wires); it has at least a 20deg x 30deg FOV. Itis both velocity tracked and pitch stabilized; it ... 0 n# F" b$ f1 O: v' q1 w! a `LAT Latitude 5 P; J! V3 K ]) {LATERAL Related to latitude; across an aircraft left to right LATERAL AXIS The axis about which an aircraft pitches, extending out along each wing. LATERAL CONTROL The ability to make an airplane roll, or turn around its long axis, according to its pilot`s wishes LATERAL CUE A cue to control heading; lateral cyclic cue See Also: wheel cue, 3 M/ f" {! }/ l2 d: H. E, oLATERAL CYCLIC A flight control operated by moving left or right with hand in rotary-wing aircraft, primarily to control roll (heading); controls differential pitch ... ( s: Y. x) n$ d& zLATERAL CYCLIC CUE A lateral flight director cue for rotary-wing aircraft, primarily to control heading, by changing roll; Compare: wheel cue; Symbols: Gamma sub "LAT"; ... LATERAL GUIDANCE Calculations for the lateral axis of the appropriate guidance modes. The control law lateral axis input data are: Cross Track Deviation, Cross Track D... LATERAL STABILITY Stability about an airplane`s longitudinal (nose to tail) axis. * I" k+ x# l; t: ILATITUDE Position on earth, north or south of the equator; See Also: astronomical latitude, geocentric latitude, geodetic latitude; Symbols: Phi; Typical Units... LBA Luftfahrt-Bundes-Amt (German CAA) " L1 E, p3 }1 `5 r# l6 B4 H3 rLBST Pounds of static thrust * H5 d! `# G3 n6 m: |/ vLCD Liquid-crystal display.

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LDA Landing Distance Available LDG Landing LEADING AND TRAILING EDGES The foremost and rearmost edges of a wing. 8 g. }4 d4 r8 ^' A6 N0 ^3 uLEADING EDGE (LE) The very front edge of the wing or stabilizer. This is the edge that hits the air first. ! o# z9 _; S6 y& @' Q' C, GLEAN Refers to carburetor setting. When an engine is run too lean it will overheat, causing damage, and likely an in flight engine failure. Tuning a carbur... ; |. r5 h. x8 M' t. a3 a' g0 }LEAN RUN This happens when an engine develops a lean condition. Possible causes are improper tuning, improper fuel choice, fuel foaming due to excessive vibrat... * P) e* C8 k- ^/ a! nLED Light-emitting diode. LEG A segment of a flight plan; flight path between two waypoints 2 E. F/ x4 c7 ?/ {: \LEO Low Earth Orbit LF ADF Low Frequency Automatic Direction Finding LFR low-frequency radio range. LH Left-hand LI-R5 LI=Italy, R5=Restricted Area No. 5 6 j# t* o; m3 _) X- sLICHTENSTEIN (FuG 212) German air interception radar LICHTENSTEIN SN-2 (FuG 220) AI search radar effective at 2 miles LIFT Force created by an airfoil moving through atmosphere, perpendicular to the direction of motion. ' I4 {0 s; V1 u% I& CLIGHTER-THAN-AIR AIRCRAFT aircraft that can rise and remain suspended by using contained gas weighing less than the air that is displaced by the gas 4 ~8 Y3 M' @( O9 z9 m d- ?- YLIMITER A filter that passes the input to the output, except that the output is limited to a minimum value and a maximum value; Compare: rate limiter; " D; h! @! F) Q4 R0 R+ zLIRL Low Intensity Runway Lights LLWAS Low Level Wind Shear Alert System ) S* } r; o, T% l+ E/ W4 r+ W! HLLZ Localizer (approach system) , B5 d% _! N& d7 [: `* HLMB Light marker beacon. LMM compass locator at middle marker 1 K& S8 }- t. C' XLNAV Lateral navigation guidance. , k! O) y3 ?5 x% |LOAD FACTOR The ratio of a specified load to the total weight of the aircraft. The specified load is expressed in terms of any of the following: aerodynamic force... LOADING a.k.a wing loading. The load placed on the airfoil of a flying machine. In the case of an aircraft, this would be wing loading. Typically found by div... LOC Localizer receiver and indicator. , [) d. Q2 [) bLOCALIZER (LOC) Part of ILS that provides lateral deviations from a preset course; LOGBOOK A pilot`s record of his flying achievements, including flight time, takeoffs, landings, and maneuvers mastered. LOM compass locator at outer marker.

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LONG Lateral Navigation (GLS) $ Z. E L" r# B+ [9 M2 ^LONGITUDE Position on earth, east or west of the prime meridian; Symbols: lambda; Typical Units: rad, deg; LONGITUDINAL Related to longitude; lengthwise along the center line of an aircraft forward LONGITUDINAL AXIS The axis about which an aircraft rolls, extending from nose to tail. 8 @1 ~$ B. K7 `' sLONGITUDINAL CUE A cue to control pitch; longitudinal cyclic cue See Also: throttle cue, LONGITUDINAL CYCLIC A flight control operated by moving fore or aft with hand in rotary-wing aircraft, primarily to control pitch (speed); controls differential pitch of ... 8 R+ t, R/ c& {- b; E4 PLONGITUDINAL CYCLIC CUE A longitudinal flight director cue for rotary-wing aircraft, primarily to control speed, by changing pitch; Compare: throttle cue; Symbols: Gamma sub ... ! x+ Y- r$ I$ Z8 BLONGITUDINAL GUIDANCE Calculations for the longitudinal axis of the guidance modes. The control law longitudinal axis input data are: Reference Acceleration, Reference Acce... LONGITUDINAL STABILITY The characteristic of returning to the trimmed angle of attack after a displacement. $ d( b% U+ k" \5 Y! `9 z4 TLOOKS PER MINUTE Scanning or sweep rate of a weather radar antenna. 9 C, T$ e4 c* E2 L) i) iLOOP A vertical circle in the air. The plane noses up, keeps rotating until it`s on its back, and then comes down and around to describe a vertical circle ... LOP Line of position. % z5 g5 Z. G2 n2 A6 M: xLORAN LOng RANge version of GEE ) J2 g3 M: N$ X3 CLORAN(-C) Long Range Navigation % d9 V7 U& N$ H4 E: w: I1 tLORAN-C Hyperbolic grid navigation system based upon measured time differences (TD) from pulse transmissions. LOW FREQUENCY AUTOMATIC DIRECTIONFINDING (LF ADF) Equipment that determines bearing to a radio station on a low frequency band, usually the standard AM band; LOW-PASS FILTER (LPF) A filter that allows frequencies below a cutoff frequency to pass while attenuating frequencies above the cutoff frequency; See Also: first-order filt... LPF Low-pass filter - u' l0 f* H( ]& x1 bLRT Long range fuel tanks. LRU Line replaceable unit LS-D12 LS=Switzerland, D12=Danger Area No. 12 6 j# R& j |. V# S- NLSC Local Signaling Channel (VDL-4) LT Local Time ; e0 M! h8 x" l9 n; V( o, SLTE Long Term Exception (JAR-FCL) 8 P; B, ^8 B; B5 {1 e3 a& b+ F9 k! BLUBRICANT The agent used to aid in the reduction of friction between two parts. This term is used for many substances, which in turn are used in many different ... LUFTWAFFE-HELFERINNEN . "BLITZ MAIDENS";. German female radar plotters. LYC Avco-Lycoming (Engine mfr.) M means mach number. M$ Mega dollars (1`000`000 US dollars) MAA maximum authorized IFR altitude. I7 ]5 o/ [ R: \' r' H# L5 J/ `. ]MAC Mean Aerodynamic Chord

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MACH NUMBER Ratio of airspeed to the local speed of sound (Mach 1 is the speed of sound under current atmospheric conditions); Symbols: M; MAGNETIC VARIATION (MVAR, MAGVAR) Difference between true north and magnetic north, varying with position; magnetic variation drifts with time; Symbols: nu; Typical Units: rad, deg; MAGNETING HEADING Heading of the aircraft relative to magnetic north; A Magnetic Heading Sensor provides this heading data. Symbols: psi sub M; Typical Units: rad, deg;... MAGVAR Magnetic variation MAHMOUD RAF night fighter operation conducted against Luftwaffe night fighters with a single mosquito joining the landing pattern ; i$ Q- ~# m% q8 |* kMAHWP Missed Approach Holding Waypoint ; ?1 G2 i+ G' x5 H* B) J& c: ?. [MAIN GEAR Also Main Landing Gear. The large, heavy-duty landing gear struts and wheels that support most of the weight of the airplane. They are usually under t... 0 y* N* O! R- ~/ T( N, Y' i0 l0 T, mMAINTENANCE Indicates device is in a maintenance mode; Values: non-maintenance, calibration, alignment, bore sight MALS medium intensity approach light system. MALSR medium intensity approach light system with runway alignment indicator lights MAMMUT MAMMOTH. German long range radar with a range of up to 300Km. 7 p9 m, u n2 V1 l. F" kMANDREL Airborne radar jamming device operating in the 85-135 MHz waveband to counter the Freya early warning system. MAP Equipment that produces a map image; See Also: Digital Map Generator MARKER BEACON (MB) Part of Instrument Landing System that signals crew members of distance to runway, consisting of three markers:. inner, middle, and outer; # t3 s6 D3 K) M/ v2 O' {MAS Map section of AIP MAS UAC Maastricht Upper Airspace Center MASP Minimum Aviation System Performance % _4 E; b; U7 x3 s7 T) IMASSAGED Filtered, estimated, or derived, or some combination of the three 3 F- @% g% y2 e, z- y& NMASTER CAUTION A signal which indicates that one or more caution lights has been activated (from MIL-STD-1472D); MASTER WARNING A signal which indicates that one or more warning lights has been activated (from MIL-STD-1472D);

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MATSE ECAC Transport Ministers Meeting on the Air Traffic System in Europe 6 ^1 Y E- ~* I$ ]3 QMATTSCHEIBE FOCUSING SCREEN. German name for the glow in the sky from searchlights, flares and fires against which the bombers were silhouetted. }9 G9 Q( v' e* s" ]3 lMATZ Military ATZ 7 H" F# t" K7 f2 WMAUW Maximum All-Up Weight ; Z. n7 t: j. t4 E- L9 D/ UMAWP Missed Approach Waypoint 2 ]! k# t. a4 f- S1 w3 hMAXIMUM PAYLOAD Maximum Zero Fuel Weight - (minus) Basic Operating Weight ' [) E( Q) M8 |8 e3 FMAYDAY The international radiotelephony distress signal. When repeated three times, it indicates imminent and grave danger and that immediate assistance is r... : ]4 ^! k E. M' i4 T* {" |MB Marker Beacon ; K+ M6 ~; m9 |1 [& A" q' yMC Mission computer 1 g1 M3 h/ L: {# x5 JMCA Minimum Controllable Airspeed. The speed below which your control surfaces do not generate sufficient lift to control the aircraft. MCC Millibar (replaced by hPa) MCI Mobile Communication Infrastructure MCTR Military CTR 6 Q7 I3 T, Z/ }9 M0 S# g- |3 JMCU Minimum configuration unit. & H( U! \% O4 C7 }8 QMD Medical Doctor ( a4 u0 \' e. T" aMDA Minimum Descent Altitude MDAU Maintenance data acquisition unit. / {# M, H; G# e( e! F4 y7 b, h3 SMDF demonstrated flight diving speed. MDH Major damage history. ; q! ?8 }5 q ~! t3 y$ J3 MME Multi Engine MEA Minimum Enroute Altitude MEAN SEA LEVEL (MSL) The average height of the surface of the sea for all stages of tide; used as a reference for elevations throughout the U.S. MEASURED Raw data converted to standard units; Compare: derived, estimated, filtered, raw, selected, smoothed MEL Minimum Equipment List MEO Medium Earth Orbit MEP Member of Parliament MERIDIAN RADIUS OF CURVATURE Radius of the earth in the east/west direction at a given position; Synonyms: earth radius north/south; Symbols: rho sub M; Typical Units: ft; Dimensi... 2 ]. |7 x" @- S& K7 L' m% KMET Multi Engine Piston METAR Meteorological Actual Report (current weather) : v5 A- n+ x% P+ r: U2 c6 ~+ XMFD Multi Function Display 8 D% y" ~; S% }" J) |. h+ D+ mMH Magnetic Heading & O; z" m8 X) f2 `5 IMHP Mental Health Professional (or: psychologist) & e+ j8 k" C. z$ W% f$ Q4 e4 K: }MHZ Megahertz (1`000 kHz) MICROLINE Trade name owned by Collins. MIDDLE MARKET Marker beacon located where the center of the glide slope is 200ft above the runway # s8 S4 n8 W! [3 ?MIDRANGE The power band of an engine between idle and full throttle. MIL Military

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MILES FLOWN The miles (computed in airport-to-airport distances) for each inter-airport hop actually completed in domestic and international revenue services, sch... MILK RUN Nuisance sorties over Berlin undertaken by Mosquitoes to activate the German air defense system MILLENNIUM Codename for the first 1000 bomber raid on Cologne 30-31 May 1942. - H+ r; r# w0 p4 D8 _MISSION COMPUTER (MC) Mission processor; MISSION OBJECTIVES Goals to be accomplished during a specific mission, including flight plan, NRPs, legs, and a plan on how to accomplish these objectives; plan includes... ( n1 B8 R2 g3 O( L* x5 wMISSION PROCESSOR (MP) A general purpose computer to host avionics software. Synonyms: mission computer; MIXING Radios with mixing will take two or more controls and mix their output in relation to stick input. The number of channels that can be mixed, and the p... MIXING ARM A specialized lever which has three or more pivots. The length between pivots will determine the proportion of the mix between two or more linkages. MIXTURE Fuel to air mixture is determined by the needle valve on the engine carburetor. MLS Microwave Landing System MLW Microwave Landing System MM Middle Marker MMI Man-Machine Interface (see HMI) " N8 \, j: }& f. L& O, @: JMMO maximum operating limit speed. , ^2 q% P- q$ f3 S: fMMR Multi-Mode Receiver ; \' _ J h+ }MNPS Minimum navigational performance specifications. ' F" G0 G, ]: k3 v% fMOCA Minimum Obstacle Clearance Altitude MOD Moderate 7 m D z* E" f3 s5 jMODE Microwave Landing System 6 q6 a9 [0 C8 B- R1 j. BMODE-A A transponder which does not give the controllers altitude information & \5 k+ a$ n8 [8 x/ gMODE-C A transponder and encoding altimeter which together give air traffic controllers altitude information # O* ]7 W: o- }* `8 b4 |MODE-S A transponder which features unique identification per unit, the potential for low-speed up and down data links, and "selective interrogation" trigger... MODIFIED EVEREST A standard model for computing earth data MODING CURSOR A symbol on a display, moved by an operator much like arrow keys for menu selection, to select one of several options MOGAS Motor Gasoline (Auto-Gas) MOH Major overhaul MON Motor Octane Number (aviation fuel rating)

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MONICA RAF tail fighter-warning device effective up to 4 miles MOONSHINE Radio jamming device used by RAF to deceive the Freya radars by returning their own signal in an amplified form giving the impression of a larger forc... . g% m* F1 X l, B: S0 wMOPS Minimum operational performance standard (RTCA) MOT Ministry of Transport . c! }: u" K8 V3 R7 H; y( }3 yMOTOR Any electric motor used in the aircraft. Examples are the servo motors, which move the servo arms, and thus the control surfaces. There are also kits ... MP Mission processor MPA Multi-Pilot Airplane 3 C3 W* q4 v- I: E, @1 QMPH Speed in Miles Per Hour. Like RPM, MPH is both singular and plural. You can go 1 MPH or 100 MPH. You do not go 100 MPH`s. MRA minimum reception altitude. MRVA Multi-Pilot Helicopter , k4 _0 @$ ]& p/ X2 o: W \8 eMRW Maximum Ramp Weight % D7 A" F- r' o4 j0 jMSA Minimum Safe Altitude MSG Message MSL Mean sea level ! S# G. L" H G! {$ d/ \7 ZMSP Maintenance Service Program. (Garret engine) MT Mean Sea Level MTOM Maximum Take-Off Mass 1 Z9 Z8 W/ Q* E/ o) ?5 \5 x7 {MTOW Maximum Take-Off Weight MULTI-MODE RADAR (MMR) A Multi-Mode Radar is used for Terrain Following (TF) and Terrain Avoidance (TA), Ground Mapping (GM) and Air-to Ground Ranging (AGR). The TF mode sup... MULTIFUNCTION DISPLAY (MFD) The third or fifth tube in an EFIS, it replaces the weather radar screen and displays radar data, navigation maps, checklists and other information. MVA Minimum Vectoring Altitude MVAR Magnetic variation MZFW Maximum Zero-Fuel Weight 9 Y0 n9 V6 [8 k5 R- G) p4 MN Airspace Euro control project Class N (managed traffic only) N(....) Country identifier for aircraft registered in USA N/A not available or not applicable NAA National Aviation Authority (generic term within JAA) NABS Navigation Augmentation Broadcast Service (ICAO for GBAS) . V p" z& K( Z7 }NACELLE An enclosure on an aircraft. * G$ M! v& O- ]" z+ dNAP-OF-THE-EARTH FLIGHT Flight with a goal to remain close to the earth, usually below the height of surrounding trees and less than 100 ft above the terrain; Compare: terrai... 4 b; a7 a! b: f7 W6 X3 [ sNARA professional trade association of 54 reputable business companies organized to promote the growth and public understanding of the aircraft resale indu... " k, l& a$ z# HNASA National Aeronautics and Space Agency (USA) NAT North Atlantic Tracks.

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NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM (NAS) The common network of US airspace; air navigation facilities, equipment and services, airports or landing areas; aeronautical charts, information and ... 8 i9 g+ b1 `' SNATO North Atlantic NATS National Air Traffic Service (UK) - K3 _% x+ {& i7 `2 MNATURAL FREQUENCY Standard engineering term See Also: second-order filter; Symbols: omega sub n; Typical Units: rad/s, Hz; Dimensions: 1/Time; 5 D$ ]) a1 C! g' P) zNAUTICAL MILE Measurement of distance. Equals 1.15 statute miles. NAV Navigation Receivers NAV/COM Navigation and communication radios combined in a single unit. # I+ I6 p6 e3 A3 y0 x& ?5 k8 R/ eNAVAID Navigation Aid (Ground Radio Station for Navigation) NAVIGABLE AIRSPACE airspace at and above the minimum flight altitudes prescribed by or under this chapter, including airspace needed for safe takeoff and landing NAVIGATION A system, usually software, in which the primary purpose is to generate position relative to a coordinate frame, usually fixed earth frame, such as la... NAVIGATION AID A device or process to help with navigation, such as a VOR station or a position update; 8 z6 Y- s! J% t4 mNAVIGATION REFERENCE POINT (NRP) A point, usually fixed in earth coordinates but possibly moving; Also, a basic guidance mode, providing lateral guidance to an NRP, either by course o... NAXOS (FuG 227) German ground radar which produced fixes on H2S. NAXOS 2 Airborne version of NAXOS. 7 r3 c1 e3 d. n4 C; q2 xNBAA IFR FUEL RESERVES Fuel for go-around at destination airport NDB Navigation . |4 ]! v! ]- ?5 S, dNEAN North European ADS-B Network NEAR MIDAIR COLLISION (NMAC) An incident associated with the operation of an aircraft in which the possibility of a collision occurs as a result of proximity of less than 500 feet... 8 ~/ F, i5 ?, e4 H7 G' P' ZNEEDLE VALVE This is used to tune the fuel to air mixture on the engine carburetor. On most engines, the needle is turned clockwise to lean the mixture, and counte... NELS Northwest Europe Loran Steering Committee / l, [7 J6 {: g; r% VNEPTUN (FuG 216-217-218) German warning device fro attack from the rear or alternatively, a night-fighter search radar. NICAD (OR NICD) Nickel Cadmium battery. Rechargeable batteries which are typically used as power for radio transmitters and receivers. - k' q) L6 k/ x1 W. _7 K1 k' UNICKELLING Codename for leaflet dropping 7 _( H8 c4 l9 C0 k" V4 B' D) xNIGHT the time between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight, as published in the American Air Almanac, converted to... NIL Nothing, no information NIMBY "Not In My Back-Yard"-Syndrome: "We need an airport but not here" * H7 w4 c- @4 v/ a$ d% K1 B4 pNITRO Abbreviation for nitro methane. The addition of nitro methane in fuel provides more power, and a smoother idle, thus making the engine easier to tune.... NITRO METHANE The addition of nitro methane in fuel provides more power, and a smoother idle, thus making the engine easier to tune. The nitro also makes an engine ... ; a4 N" _; v- S! @* u1 [+ B8 `NM Nautical Miles. One nautical mile = 1.15 statute miles = 6,080 feet. NM, NMI Nautical Mile (1.852 km) 8 @8 `% ^) u( \, tNMS Navigation management system. NMU Navigation management unit. NOISE Part of received data that is undesired, consisting of random sinusoidal terms added to a signal; Compare: offset, signal;

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NON-DIRECTONAL BEACON (NDB) An L/MF or UHF radio beacon transmitting non directional signals whereby the pilot of an aircraft equipped with direction finding equipment can determ... NON-SCHEDULED SERVICE Revenue flights, such as charter flights, that are not operated in regular scheduled service and all non revenue flights incident to such flights. 4 U+ N. `2 C5 {' g( f( o7 f4 sNONPRECISION APPROACH PROCEDURE a standard instrument approach procedure in which no electronic glide slope is provided ; y7 ?( p' J: |NOPT no procedure turn required. NORMALIZER Function to restrict input to a specific range, such as restricting an angle alpha in radians so that -pi le alpha le +pi; angles usually require norm... 2 R6 |/ d" x9 n" i; d$ MNOSAR No Search and Rescue required (Australia) NOSE The front portion of a aircraft`s fuselage. NOSE GEAR The strut and wheel that`s under the nose of some aircraft. 6 k' l, N1 Z5 g3 @. \- u1 ANOTAM Notice to Airmen ' c8 ^! x# B. V/ o6 P4 L/ GNOTAR No Tail Rotor NPA Non-Precision Approach ) M3 ^9 K J" n! @3 x. iNPO Non-Profit Organization - X1 D7 A. k9 J: BNPPL National (ICAO) Private Pilots License (AOPA internally used: IPPL) 8 J2 W8 v; f: \! J9 VNPRM Notice of Proposed Rule-Making (USA) NRP Navigation reference point NTSB National Transportation Safety Board. Investigates airplane accidents. Plays at most an advisory role in flightworthiness accreditation. : |* N3 x# c+ V; W! ANVFR Night VFR . A; H5 O. M% F5 z7 K( ?NVM Nonvolatile memory. Digital memory that retains information through system shutdown. 9 f) Q3 T3 N% [" }9 G! H, xNW North-west O/R on request OA Obstacle avoidance OACI Organisation de l`Aviation Civile Internationale (voir ICAO) 7 R* j* w2 e" W: mOAT Outside Air Temperature OBERKOMMANDO WEHRMACHT (OKW) German Army General Staff HQ OBOE RAF target-finding bombing aid using two transmitting stations CAT and MOUSE. OBS Omni bearing Selector - part of a VOR receiver system, which allows the pilot to select a course to or from a VOR station OBST Obstacle, obstruction OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE (OA) Outside Air Temperature OCD Operational Concept Document + c0 \4 Q' T6 }% IODIAC Operational Development of Initial Air/ground Data Communications ODT Operational Requirements and Data Processing Systems Team 8 ?6 W6 Z4 q! A" V$ fOEI one engine inoperative. : h& ~) {, l/ I3 u( v' P; xOFAC Office F©d©rale de l`Aviation Civile (Swiss CAA - voir BAZL) OFF Device is powered off (power switch is off; no response to communications) - no data and function is available. OFFSET Part of received data that is undesired, consisting of a random, time-invariant term added to a signal; Synonyms: bias; Compare: noise, signal 6 @* E A! o: GOH Overhaul OM Outer Marker OMEGA A very-low-frequency navigation system OMS Outer Marker Substitute (sort of a virtual OM)