Navigation Evolution, & LAAS Certification

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航空

Federal Aviation
Administration U.S. GNSS Update: p
Navigation Evolution,
& LAAS Certification
Moving To a Performance Based NAS
• FAA’s Goal Is To
Design An Integrated,
Performance Based
National Airspace
System That Can Meet
The Needs Of
Tomorrow And Satisfy
ICAO’s Vision Of A
Safe, Secure, And
S l I t ti l
Presentation to: Regional Airline Seamless International
Air Transportation
PresentSatiyons tot:e Rmegional Association
Flight Technology Committee
Name: Phil Leman
Date: June 2, 2005
System
Federal Aviation 2
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
Performance-Based Navigation in the
United States
• Complete Transition By 2025
• Consistent With ICAO Global Vision
• Operational Capability Based On GPS And Augmentations
• Enhance Safety, Capacity, Efficiency
• Reduce Cost For Legacy Navigation Systems
Streamlined
Vector -Free
A i l
Efficient, Flexible Routing
Arrivals All-Weather
Approaches
Departures Federal Aviation 3
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
Aviation Navigation Evolution
• International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
Structure For Future Air Navigation Is Global
Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Capability
• Components Of GNSS:
– Satellite Position, Velocity, and Time Constellation(s)
• Global Positioning Satellites (GPS), U.S. - Operational
• GLONASS, Russian Federation – Limited Operational
• Galileo, European Union - Not Operational
• Compass – Not Operational
– Augmentation Systems
• Aircraft Based Augmentation Systems (ABAS)
• Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS)
• Ground Based Augmentation Systems (GBAS)
Federal Aviation 4
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
FAA Satellite Navigation Vision
Federal Aviation 5
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
LAAS and the FAA Next Generation Air
Transportation System (NextGen)
• The Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) represents the U.S.
solution to the international goal of an interoperable GBAS capability
• The FAA has identified GBAS as an “enabler” for the Next
Generation Air Transportation System for the US National Airspace,
as the all-weather landing aid for a satellite based navigation system
for all phases of flight, and as an alternative technology to ILS
• The NextGen Integrated Work Plan (IWP) includes GBAS as part of
the PNT Services enabler roadmap
• GBAS was cited as a promising solution in the New York/ New
Jersey Flight Delay Task Force Report (December 6, 2007). The
report recommends accelerating the development of LAAS
Federal Aviation 6
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
FAA GBAS/LAAS Implementation
• Facility/Service approval for integration into the NAS at Memphis
and Newark early 2010
• Other US airports interested (Minneapolis, Houston, Seattle, Guam,
Philadelphia, John F Kennedy, Atlanta)
•Memphis
•Memphis Shelby County Airport Authority
•Newark
•ort Authority New York New Jersey
11/10/2009
•Federal Express
•Honeywell Corporation
•FAA
•Continental Airlines
•Honeywell Corporation
•FAA
Federal Aviation 7
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
FAA GBAS Activities
• Continue CAT I implementation at Memphis and
Newark
• Drafting required documents according to FAA
Acquisition Management System (AMS) policy for
CAT II/III acquisition decision
• CAT II/III Activities
– Finalize CAT III standards for user equipment and avionics
– Perform Prototyping and Validation
– Develop CAT-III Prototype LGF and User Avionics by
~2010/11
– Validate a Integrity Design and Allocations ~2011
– Develop FAA Ground Equipment Specification
Federal Aviation 8
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
GBAS Integrity
• Responsibility for GBAS Integrity resides in the
Ground Facility
– The user (aircraft) receives a set of integrity parameters from
the LGF and applies those in a set of standardized equations
to determine protection levels
– A protection level bound, or Alert Limit, is transmitted from the
LGF with each procedure
– The aircraft must check the calculated result against the
requirement
• The Service Provider is responsible for ensuring
that the uplink integrity parameters are accurate
and that they provide the required function
– Ensuring the uplink integrity will require a review of the
equipment design, siting methods/processes, installation
methods/processes, and the methods/processes used to
characterize the actual/installed system performance
Federal Aviation 9
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
GBAS CAT I Approval
• To be approved by FAA, system or equipment must be shown to
meet ICAO, FAA and/or other (e.g. RTCA) recognized standard.
• The baseline for the FAA GBAS is the FAA GBAS Specification
2937a
SYSTEM DESIGN
APPROVAL
•Safety
FACILITY APPROVAL
• SERVICE APPROVAL
System • Installation
Assessment
•System Engineering
•Software Design
Assurance
C l H d
Installation Requirements
• O&M Manual
• Operator training
• Local SRMD
• Flight Procedures
Aircraft Approval
• ATC Training
• Pilot Training
•Complex Hardware • Instrument Flight Design
•System Level Verification
•Commercial Instruction
Book
• Flight Inspection
Criteria
• Flight Procedures
•Training Material Review
•System SRMD
•Operational Evaluation
Federal Aviation 10
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
GBAS System Design Approval (SDA)
Requirements
• System Design Approval activities are based on:
– FAA Order 6700.20A, Non-Federal Navigational Aids and Air
Traffic Control Facilities
– 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 171.75 allows for
FAA approval of new or non-standard systems and equipment.
– Baseline is the FAA Non-Federal LAAS Specification, FAA-EAJW44-
2937A Category I Local Area Augmentation System
Ground Facility
• GBAS Facility Approval and Service Approval
follow SDA
Federal Aviation 11
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
System Design Approval
System Design
Approval
SW Design Assurance
Training Material Review Reviews
System Safety
Assessment
Complex HW Design
Assurance Reviews
Commercial
Instruction Book
Review
Systems Engineering
Review
System Level
Verification
Functional Hazard
Assessment
HMI Analysis/Report
Preliminary System
Safety FMEA/FMES
Assessment
Algorithm Description
Document
SRMD
(System Design
Aspects)
Federal Aviation 12
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
System Design Approval Areas
• System Engineering
• System Level Verification
• Software Design Assurance
• Complex Hardware Design
• Commercial Instruction Book
• Training Material (Maintainer Training)
• System Safety Assessment
• Operational Evaluation
Federal Aviation 13
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
System Engineering Review
• Review of applicant's system engineering
processes and products
– Human Factors
– Personnel Safety
– Security
– Reliability/Availability
– Spectrum
– Requirements Management process
– Configuration Management process
– Quality Assurance process
Federal Aviation 14
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
System Level Verification Review
• Intent is to find compliance with every
system requirement in the Specification
– Review of applicant's verification processes and
products
– For each requirement in the non-Fed specification:
• Trace Requirement from non-Fed spec through design
– Requirements decomposition, implementation
• Review Test Plan, Procedures and Results
– Hardware/Software integration plans, procedures, and results,
– Inspection procedures and reports,
– Analysis and simulation files and reports
• Ensure test approach is adequate
Federal Aviation 15
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
Software Design Assurance Review
• Intent is to find compliance with the
applicable objectives listed in RTCA DO-278
– Review of applicant’s (and sub-contractors’)
software development processes and products
– Perform desk reviews and on-site audits at key
points during the SW development lifecycle
• Review planning documents, standards,
• Review requirements, design, code, & integration artifacts,
• Review verification plans, procedures, & results,
• Review CM & QA records,
Federal Aviation 16
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
Complex Electronic Hardware Review
• Intent is to find compliance with the
appropriate objectives listed in RTCA DO-
254
– Review of applicant’s (and sub-contractors’)
complex electronic hardware (CEH) development
processes and products
– Perform desk reviews and on-site audits at key
points during the CEH development lifecycle
• Review planning documents and standards,
• Review requirements, design, simulation, & integration artifacts,
• Review validation and verification processes, procedures, &
results,
• Review CM & process assurance records,
Federal Aviation 17
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
Commercial Instruction Book Review
• Intent is to find compliance with FAA-D-
2494/b
– Contains all necessary information, is up to date with
the as-built equipment and has been validated by
the applicant
– In-Process Reviews of the applicant’s Commercial Instruction
Book (CIB) development activities
• Technical descriptions, standards & tolerances, maintenance schedules &
procedures, parts lists, installation procedures, etc
– Review of applicant’s CIB Validation
• FAA review and hands-on verification of maintenance procedures (periodic
and corrective), operations, troubleshooting, installation procedures
Federal Aviation 18
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
Training Material Review
• Review of the training development process
and training materials
– Intent is to ensure that training materials:
• Are consistent with the equipment design,
• Appropriately cover periodic and corrective
maintenance, and
• Appropriately cover operations activities
(installation, calibration, normal operation, etc.)
Federal Aviation 19
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
System Safety Assessment Review
• Review of applicant's system safety
processes and products using:
– ARP 4754, Certification Considerations for Highly-Integrated or
Complex Aircraft Systems
– ARP 4761, Guidelines and Methods for Conducting the Safety
Assessment Process on Civil Airborne Systems and Equipment
– FAA-prepared Operational Hazard Assessment (OHA)
• The FAA’s Safety Management System (SMS) must
be employed IAW FAA Policy
– FAA-developed Safety Risk Management Document (SRMD) must be
coordinated and approved
• Residual risks are acceptable
– Disposition of system risks required prior to System Design Approval
Federal Aviation 20
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
System Safety Assessment
• Standard Documentation
– Applicant System Safety Assurance Plan
– Functional Hazard Assessment (FHA)
– Preliminary System Safety Assessment (PSSA)
– System Safety Assessment (SSA)
• Additional Safety Related Documentation
– Algorithm Design Document
– HMI Analysis/Report
Federal Aviation 21
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
Operational Evaluation
• The purpose of this activity is to review the operation of the system
in the installed configuration.
– Evaluation Criteria
• The system is operated in accordance with the operating instruction provided in the
Commercial Instruction Book to ensure that the system operates as intended.
• System Stability Test
– Operate the system over continuously over an extended period of to evaluate the basic
stability of the system.
• System Log Event Recording
– Review of system event / fault logs for false alarms, false exclusions, missed detections, etc.)
– Evaluation of System Operation
• Review independent user performance data to verify that the information reported in
the event log is correct. This is done by comparing the system data to data recorded
by an independent system such as the FAATC’s GAEM
• Evaluate the system behavior when confronted with obstructions and reflectors (this
is done to verify that the system responds appropriately with an excluded RR, an
event log entry, etc)
Federal Aviation 22
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
GBAS CAT I Approval
• To be approved by FAA, system or equipment must be shown to
meet ICAO, FAA and/or other (e.g. RTCA) recognized standard.
• The baseline for the FAA GBAS is the FAA GBAS Specification
2937a
SYSTEM DESIGN
APPROVAL
•System Safety Assessment
FACILITY APPROVAL
•SERVICE APPROVAL
•Installation
•System Engineering
•Software Design
Assurance
•Complex Hardware Design
S t L l V ifi ti
Installation Requirements
• O&M Manual
• Operator training
•Local SRMD
•rocedures
Aircraft Approval
•ATC Training
• Pilot Training
•System Level Verification • Instrument Flight •Commercial Instruction
Book
•Training Material Review
•Flight •Flight Inspection
Criteria
• Flight Procedures
System SRMD
•Operational Evaluation
Federal Aviation 23
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
Key Components/Considerations of the
Facility Approval Plan
• The Facility Approval Plan describes the activities, objectives,
and documentation necessary to address:
– Installation
– System Operations
– Security
– Spectrum
– Personnel
– Test and Evaluation
– Maintenance
• Local SRMD
• Flight Procedures
• Flight Inspection
Federal Aviation 24
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
GBAS CAT I Approval
• To be approved by FAA, system or equipment must be shown to
meet ICAO, FAA and/or other (e.g. RTCA) recognized standard.
• The baseline for the FAA GBAS is the FAA GBAS Specification
2937a
SYSTEM DESIGN
APPROVAL
• System Safety Assessment
FACILITY APPROVAL
•SERVICE APPROVAL
• Installation
• System Engineering
• Software Design
Assurance
• Complex Hardware Design
S t L l V ifi ti
Installation Requirements
• O&M Manual
• Operator training
• Local SRMD
• Flight Procedures
Aircraft Approval
• ATC Training
• Pilot Training
• System Level Verification • Instrument Flight • Commercial Instruction
Book
• Training Material Review
• • Flight Inspection
Criteria
System SRMD
•Operational Evaluation
Federal Aviation 25
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
Service Approval – User Requirements
• Aircraft Equipment
– Aircraft equipment designs approved via FAA Technical Standard Orders
(TSOs)
• TSO-C161 (GBAS equipment)
• TSO-C162 (GBAS VHF Receiver)
• TSO-C190 (Active Antenna)
– Aircraft installations approved via existing FAA processes (e.g., TC, STC, etc)
• User/Airlines
– Coordinating Approval with FAA Flight Standards POI (Principle Operations
Inspector) assigned to an air carrier certificate holder and responsible for the
approval of this training
– Continental and Qantas use Aircrew Bulletins
• ATC Training
– Computer based training
• GBAS technology, procedures, phraseology, etc.
Federal Aviation 26
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
GBAS Avionics Integration
• GBAS/LAAS CAT I avionics documents
completed
– (MASPS / MOPS / TSO / SARPS)
• LAAS Integration into Multi Mode Receiver
(MMR) completed
– Rockwell Collins MMR
• Boeing
– 737- 800 series GBAS capable,
– B787 and B 747-800 GBAS as standard
capability
• Airbus
– A320/A380 certification completed
– Planning for GBAS option in all new generation
aircraft
Federal Aviation 27
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009
Summary
• The U.S. is transitioning to a performance based CNS/ATM system
• GNSS is one of the cornerstones of NextGen
• RNAV/RNP is being implemented throughout the U.S. National
Airspace
• SBAS (WAAS) development continuing with LP and LPV-200
certifications
• GBAS System Design Approval completed in Sept 2009 for
Honeywell SLS 4000 “SmartPath”
– LAAS implementation efforts ongoing for Memphis and Newark with
operational approval expected early 2010
– LAAS avionics available today, multiple aircraft and air carriers already
equipped
– Continuing to investigate technical approach to achieve Cat III GBAS
• GPS III Plan will incorporate greater civil capabilities while
increasing multinational signal compatibility
• The United States will continue its multilateral and bilateral efforts
Federal Aviation 28
Administration
FAA GBAS Certification
China 2009

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brightjm

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skycloud1011

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gcjcdn-007

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