Industrial Simulation Use and Simulation Validity Assessment Expectations

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AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA
September 2009
LAAS September 2009
Airbus Simulation Industry and Software Department
Presented by:
Jean Casteres
Industrial Simulation Use in Aircraft Development
and Simulation Validity Assessment Expectations
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 2
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Overview
•Avionics and Simulation Products in Airbus
•Integration simulator: History and Architecture
•Need to Simulate the simulator
•Simulation Levels and Validity Assessment
•Conclusion
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 3
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Organisation
Airbus
22.3 Billion ! turnover
55 000 employees
Airbus
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 4
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Airbus Product Line
300
200
100
Range (Km) 5000 7000 9000 11000 13000 15000 16000
A319
A320
A321
A330-300
A300 A330-200
A310
A318
A340-300
A340-200
400
500
600
.
A380
A340-500
A340-600
Seats
A400M
A300-600 ST
MRTT
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 5
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Airbus Organisation overview
Finance Procurement
Customer Affairs Human resources
Quality ...
A320 Family A330/A340 Family
A300-600 Family A380
Military Programmes
Training
Airlines Support
...
Customer Services ...
Programs
Concurrent engineering Information Systems
Specific design
Manufacturing
Centres of Excellence
Operations
Architect Flight physics
Structure Power plant
Research Flight operations
System design Integration & tests
Avionics &
Simulation products
Systems and integration tests
Engineering
AIRBUS CEO
68%
AVIIONIICS
SIIMULATIION
32%
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 6
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Avionics Evolution
Evolution of avionics
A300-A310
A380
A330-A340
A320
A400M
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 7
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Simulators in the A/C Development Process
Choice of concepts,
control laws, technologies
Validation
with a pilot in the loop
Equipment definition and development
Validation
Flight tests
Validation & integration
at A/C level
A/C system
definition validation
A/C Programme launch
Validation & Integration
at A/C system level
A/C development activity Simulation platform
A/C - 1
A/C 0
System integration
test bench
Desktop simulators
Demonstrators &
research simulators
Training
Software Packages
Reference platform
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 8
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
INTEGRATION
SIMULATOR
SYSTEM
BENCHES
SIMULATION
EQUIPEMENT
TEST
EQUIPEMENT
FLIGHT TEST
INSTALLATION
SIMULATOR CONTROL
AND MONITORING
GENERIC BENCH
EXPLOITATION MEANS
& TOOLS
IRON BIRD
AIRCRAFT
ELEMENTS
ELECTRONIC INTERFACE
SYSTEM
BENCHES
SPECIFIC
SIMULATION
TOOLS
VISUAL
RESTITUTION
SYSTEM
SIMULATION HOST COMPUTER & SPECIFIC SIMULATION MEANS
Industrial
engines
Cabin
systems
NAV
systems
COM
systems
Fuel
systems
Anti ice
systems
Cockpit
Avionics
bays (5)
Actuators & position
transducers
Thrust
FADEC reverse RIG
Hydraulic and electrical distribution
Hydraulic and electrical
generation
Simulation Products: Engineering Simulators
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 9
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Engineering Simulators
! research simulators
! development simulators
! integration benches – Aircraft 0
Engineering simulators
Systems design
and
validation
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 10
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Training Simulators
Training simulation
Crew and maintenance staff training
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 11
© AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Simulator Lifespan
The need to support simulators for a program spans over more than 30 years for typical aircraft programs.
-5 -2,5 -1
1st FLIGHT
C of A
20/30
T0
<1
years
RESEARCH
Initial design DEVELOPMENT
Aircraft Systems simulation
Flight Systems simulation INTEGRATION
Aircraft avionics and equipment integration
TRAINING SIMULATORS
Aircraft Systems simulation
Flight systems simulation
EYY Simulation involvement
PROSPECTIVE
(EPOPEE)
INTEGRATION
(A/C 0)
FFS – M/FTD
Simulation package
DEVELOPMENT
(A/C -1, OCASIME)
DESIGN
EY*
TEST
EYT
SUPPORT
G05 ST
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 12
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Integration Simulator
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 13
&copy; AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Integration Simulator: Aircraft 0 Simulator
Goal is to Integrate Aircraft systems:
• Cockpit
• Aircraft Actuators: iron bird
• Avionics
• Power Generation
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 14
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Aircraft 0 Simulator Needs [1/2]
AIRCRAFT WORLD
•Natural flight loop
•Systems
•Environment
•Engine
SIMULATED WORLD
AFDX
A429
Digital
Analog
CAN Cockpit
Iron bird
Avionics
Motion
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 15
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Aircraft 0 Simulator Needs [2/2]
AIRCRAFT WORLD
•Natural flight loop
•Systems
•Environment
•Engine
•Actuator Model
SIMULATED WORLD
AFDX
A429
Digital
Analog
CAN
Cockpit
Avionics
Motion
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 16
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Integration Simulator Evolution History
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 17
&copy; AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
Airbus fly-by-wire family
&laquo;Fly-by-wire&raquo; (Electrical Flight Control Systems) replace
previous complicated cable and pulley control systems, linking
the pilot to the control surfaces, with a side stick controller and
electrical wiring.
Aircraft equipped with fly-by-wire flight controls can benefit from
similar handling characteristics, flight envelope protection and
maintenance procedures
Conversion training for pilots moving from one aircraft to another
within the aircraft family is considerably reduced together with
additional operational advantages
These leads to considerable operational cost reductions for
airlines
un monde d’innovation
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 18
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Simulator and Aircraft Program Timeline
Evolution level:
Specific and customized integration simulator architecture
1985:
A320
1989:
A330-A340
2002:
A380
1998:
A340-500/600
2005:
A400M
2008:
A350
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 19
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1985 - 1989 Simulator Complexity
SIMULATED WORLD
4000
2
50
Single Aisle Long Range
Avionics signals 2000
Average CPU load 1
(models & exchanged data)
Number of models 30
Simulation Application
•Natural flight loop
•Systems : Stimulated
•Environment
•Engine
A429
Digital
Analog
Actuator
AIRCRAFT WORLD
40 ms
80 ms
20 ms
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 20
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Simulator and Aircraft Program Timeline
Evolution level:
A first step towards standards
1985:
A320
1989:
A330-A340
2002:
A380
1998:
A340-500/600
2005:
A400M
2008:
A350
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 21
&copy; AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.
1998 Simulator Complexity
SIMULATED WORLD
Simulation Application
•Natural flight loop
•Systems : Stimulated
•Fuel Simulation
•Environment
•Engine
•Structure Flexibility Model
AIRCRAFT WORLD
4000
2
50
Single Aisle Long Range A340-600
Avionics signals 2000 5000
Average CPU load 1 3
(models & exchanged data)
Number of models 30 68
A429
Digital
Analog
40 ms
10 ms
10 ms
Simulation Application
•Simulated Actuators
5ms
80 ms
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 22
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Simulator and Aircraft Program Timeline
Evolution level:
Evolution to mature standards
1985:
A320
1989:
A330-A340
2002:
A380
1998:
A340-500/600
2005:
A400M
2008:
A350
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 23
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2002 Simulator Complexity
SIMULATED WORLD
Simulation Application
•Natural flight loop
•Systems
•Environment
•Engine
•Structure Flexibility Model
AIRCRAFT WORLD
A429
Digital
Analog
CAN
AFDX
40 ms " 10 ms
Simulation- 80ms " 40 ms
10 ms
10 ms
Simulation Application
•Simulated Actuators
5 ms " 2,5 ms
80 ms
8 ms
RT jit < 50 "s
80 -> 40 ms
Avionics signals 2000 4000 5000 9000
50 end systems
570 frames
50000 data pieces
AFDX
Manual Coding 47 % 19 %
Total code lines 1 000 000 4 500 000
3
68
A340-600
2
50
Single Aisle Long Range A380
Average CPU load 1 30
(models & exchanged data)
Number of models 30 100
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 24
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Simulator and Aircraft Program Timeline
Evolution level:
Linux Market Technology
1985:
A320
1989:
A330-A340
2002:
A380
1998:
A340-500/600
2005:
A400M
2008:
A350
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 25
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2008 Simulator Complexity
SIMULATED WORLD
Simulation Application
•Natural flight loop
•Systems
•Environment
•Engine
•Structure Flexibility Model
AIRCRAFT WORLD
A429
Digital
Analog
CAN
AFDX
Simulation 40 ms
10 ms
80 ms 10 ms
8 ms
RT jit < 50 micro
Modelling complexity
40 ms
10 ms
Simulation Application
•Simulated Actuators
•Remote Flight control
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 26
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Need to Simulate the Simulator
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 27
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Simulation Software Product
Computing Infrastructure
Middleware Platform Abstraction Layer COTS Software
Supporting Libraries
Host Machine
Server Hardware
Operating System
Simulation Application
Simulation Framework
Simulation model tasks services
External Host Communication Hardware
Simulator High Level Structure
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 28
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Architecture Path
Host architecture path to monitor:
• To memory: system bus
• To other processors: hyper transport
• To I/O chipset: hyper transport
• To I/O board: PCI bus
• To network: Ethernet
PCI
bus Ethernet
I/O Chipset
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 29
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HW & SW Performance Simulation
The aircraft simulation application uses a modeling language, such as AADL,
to model :
• The Simulation application software structure
• The Simulation application hardware platform and infrastructure
Scheduler
Environment
(Cheddar)
Hardware
Model
.
System Modeled: AADL Architecture Analysis and Design Language
. .
.
System Schedulable
Performance Estimate
SW
Model
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Producer-consumer Paradigm
• Producer – Consumer Paradigm is used modeling both HW and SW behavior
• R/W requests to the dataflow can be converted to transaction tasks
• I/O requests to the dataflow can be converted to transaction tasks
• Transaction tasks are scheduled by the producer-scheduler
• Producer-Scheduler represent the bus used: hypertransport for dataflow accesses, PCI for I/O accesses
• The same paradigm can be used to model outer rings of the communication such as Internet
Request for CPU
Transaction Task #1.1
Request for R/W
Transaction Task #1.2
Request for I/O
Transaction Task #1.3
Request for CPU
Transaction Task #1.1
Request for R/W
Transaction Task #1.2
Request for I/O
Transaction Task #1.3
Producer-Scheduler
CPU
Producer-Scheduler
R/W Mem
Producer-Scheduler
I/O
Simulation Model Task
Consumer #1
CPU
Load
R/W
Mem
I/O
Access
Simulation Model Task
Consumer #2
CPU
Load
R/W
Mem
I/O
Access
CPU
Load
R/W
Mem
I/O
Access
Request for CPU
Transaction Task #1.1
Request for R/W
Transaction Task #1.2
Request for I/O
Transaction Task #1.3
•Valliidattiion Campaiign
•Toolls
Simulation Model Task
Consumer #1
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Complete System
• The paradigm is applied the same way at the successive
communication layers of the architecture
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Time Management
• Mathematical Time Axis
! Time value going into mathematical computation
• Simulation Tick Axis
! Heart beat synchronizing the event steps
between the models
! Simulation kernel handles ticks between the
simulation objects: time is simulated
! A simulation step is the atomic synchronization of
the simulator between two simulation ticks
! Relative to time, simulation steps do not have the
same length
! Simulation objects can be “ticked” or not, in the
later the object is purely event based.
• Wall Clock Axis
! Absolute time
! This is the ONLY Link to REAL TIME
Need to scan the requirements to ensure
the 3-”times” are always separated
Wall Clock Time Axis
(Real Time)
Simulation Tick Axis
(Simulated Time)
Mathematical Time Axis
(Simulation application)
events
Commande
en vitesse de roulis
k
Commande
en assiette latérale
kp
Commande
en dérapage
Delta p
(commande ailerons
et spoilers)
Delta r
(commande direction)
Kret
Dérapage estimé
Vitesse de lacet
Vitesse de roulis
Assiette latérale
1/p
+
+ +
-
+
-
tick events
simulation
step
1
t (ms)
2 3 4
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 33
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Model the Simulator Architecture
• Simulate the simulator to define simulator topology
Host simulation & modeling September 2007 Page 33
S W
TaTsaTksaTksaksk TaTsaTksaksk
TaTsaTksaksk
Simulated Architecture Real Architecture
Task
Elected task
Scheduling Algorithm
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Overload case Nominal case
MAXIMUM
URGENCY
FIRST
RATE
MONOTONIC
Schedulable
OK
KO
MAXIMUM
URGENCY
FIRST
RATE
MONOTONIC
Schedulable
OK
OK
SW
MoSdWel
Model
SW
MoSdWel
Model
SW
MoSdWel
MoSdWel
MoSdWel
Model
SW
MoSdWel
MoSdWel
MoSdWel
Model
Priority
File
Priority Recommendations
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Prediction and Real Measures
• Comparison of results and prediction
Estimation of results :
Gain : better load balancing
CPU0 CPU1 CPU2
Simulated load 21 27 40
CPU0 CPU1 CPU2
11 38 40
18 37 50
7 1 10
Conf A3xx Not Optimized
Simulated load
Real load
Error
CPU0 CPU1 CPU2
21 27 40
25 27 49
Error 4 0 9
Simulated load
Real load
Conf A3xx Optimized
Recommendation :
- Priorities
- Assignment
Overload
Pathfinder Tool
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 36
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NODE U1 NODE U2
H W H W
H W
IO
IO IO
NODE U0
SW
Model
SW
Model
SW
Model
Simulation of an application in a distributed system
NODE => U0 U1 U2
es visuelcae solvol
bdvl irs
cdv
systeme
radio
moteur
env1
soupll
soreth
serv
bancnav
envcpi
0,38 0,289 0,501
RM General Task (iter=4)
Software modelisation
Hardware model
Site #1
Site #2 Site #3
Distribution Architect Tool
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• Schedulable passed, Display of object activities
U0_BUS : 21%
U1_BUS : 24%
U2_BUS : 19%
U0_CPU : 21%
U1_CPU : 37%
U2_CPU : 34%
U0_MEM : 9.5%
U1_MEM : 9.4%
U2_MEM : 8%
IO : 17%
Distribution Architect Tool Example Graph
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 38
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Simulation Levels and Validity Assessment
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Strategic modeling drivers
M3 M5
M7 M9
M11
Virtual aircraft
Four dimensional systems
Modeling performance improvement
Set of models for system architects
Extended enterprise modeling platform
DELIVERABLE TITLE
by
Author (Company)
Abstract:
This document describes…
Dissemination:
Deliverable/Output n°: Issue n°:
Keywords:
i
Aircraft on the desk
Concept virtual bird
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Model Approaches
• Top down approach
!From the TLARD model the aircraft
!Model of requirements
!Model of constraints
• Bottom up approach
!From the old program database
!Create models with existing parametric data
!Model simplification layers
!Propagate uncertainty info through the way up
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Level 1 Simulation
Spreadsheet Analytical Method
Level 2 Simulation
Black Box Statistical Method
Level 3 Simulation
Simulation measurement Method
Simulation Speed
Software Systems Simulation Flow
Fast
Slow Standard !C" programs from
ETSI , Mot-LABS
Software Architecture Partitioning
Early Software System Integration
Software Validation
Allows to:
Instruction Set
Simulator ISS
Collected DATA is
back annotated in
higher level simulations
Level 4 Simulation
Verliog / VHDL simulation
Co-Design
Instruction Set Simulation Introduction
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System Simulation Flow
Level 1 Simulation
Spreadsheet Analytical Method
Level 2 Simulation
Black Box Statistical Method
Level 3 Simulation
Simulation measurement Method
Application Code
Standards,
!C" programs, Mot-LABS
New Use Cases
Automated Model
Extraction
!C" to SystemC
New High Level
Representation
SysML(MARTE)/AADL
New Mid Level
Representation
AADL/SystemC
New Software Level
Implementation C/C++
SystemC/ASM
Existing
Software Base
Memory Timings
Estimation
(from Level 4)
Performances
Measures @ 5%
Existing
Software Base
High Level Models
Automated Model
Extraction
Performances
Measures @ 15%
Performances
Measures @ 25%
Level 4 Validation
AIRBUS France - Simulation Industry and Software Departments - SVA September 2009 Page 43
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• Use a third party simulator capable of emulating the aircraft computer
• Aircraft computer emulated model can have different modeling levels
• Emulation models can be used to interface with the provider
• Development for system integration, software and hardware can go in parallel
• MDS-IMA kick off meeting held Dec 1st
System Emulation
•Functional View (FV)
•System Overhaul Timing, point to point
•Specify Function
•rorgammers View (PV)
•Register Accurate and bit-true
•Develop Firmware Software
•Architects View (AV)
•Explore and validate architecture
•rofile system for HW/SW tradeoffs
•Verification View (VV)
•Validate before implementing
•Massive Test campains
Airbus
System Supplier
Business model: exchange the model
Coding
Detailed
design
High level
design
Specificatio
n
Unit Test
Integration
Test
Validation
Test
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# Architecture Validation
# Executable Specifications
# Model Reuse
# Testbench Reuse
Use Simulation Levels to CLIMB the V Model
Architectural Exploration Hardware Specification
Hardware Design &
Implementation
Software Design &
Implementation
Integration Testing/Debug
Verification and Validation
DEVELOPMENT
# Boot Code
# RTOS Base Port
# Main Application Port
#Base Port (OS, IPC)
# Middleware Port
# Failure Analysis
# Scenarios Re-play
Follow the same V model as aircraft embedded computer
development process:
• Use the same executable spec as the embedded computers
• Define the same simulation levels
• Re-use common environmental models on executable
specifications
A/C - 1
A/C 0
More
Desktop simulators
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The complete view SVA
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Conclusion
• Increase in number of cores and computing nodes predict more
use of rapid prototyping tools: “simulate the simulator” is a needed
reality
• Convergence in the simulation world is taking place:
co-simulation is necessary for ever increasing systems complexity
(i.e.: HLA)
• Simulation Validity Assessment is much needed to set
a common language
• SVA standardization will enable positioning of simulation
component suppliers: the models suppliers, the frameworks,
certification process services
• The capability for suppliers to clearly position themselves is key for
integration companies such as Airbus to be able to build systems
that can use latest and complex most efficient technology
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&copy; AIRBUS S.A.S. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary
document.
This document and all information contained herein is the sole
property of AIRBUS S.A.S.. No intellectual property rights are
granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of its
content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a
third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS S.A.S.
This document and its content shall not be used for any purpose
other than that for which it is supplied.
The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are
based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressed in good
faith. Where the supporting grounds for these statements are not
shown, AIRBUS S.A.S. will be pleased to explain the basis thereof.
AIRBUS, its logo, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321, A330,
A340, A350, A380, A400M are registered trademarks.
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Future work.
• SVA determine the properties of SOU and SDU in four domains
!Architecture / topology of the system
!Data representation selected
!Compute environment selected
!Time representation chosen
• Each time apply the same method of evaluation trying to answer the AMI questions
!Abstract
!Mathematical
!Implementation
Real
system
Modeled
system
Architecture / Topo
Data Com Choice
Compute Choice
Time Choice
Abstract
Mathematical
Implementation
Abstract
Mathematical
Implementation
Abstract
Mathematical
Implementation
Abstract
Mathematical
Implementation
SVA SOU/SDU Levels
A D C T
AMI AMI AMI AMI
A D C T
AMI AMI AMI AMI
A D C T
AMI AMI AMI AMI
A D C T
AMI AMI AMI AMI
A D C T
AMI AMI AMI AMI
A D C T
AMI AMI AMI AMI
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
Criteria of Matching Ci
Domains