RMIT飞行训练课件－Spinning Mass Brief

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航空

Spinning Mass Brief
Aim
• To understand the aerodynamic principles
and considerations of spinning (A
condition of stalled flight)
• Know how spins develop, and how to
recover from a fully developed spin.
Application
• Used in aerobatics
• Accidental stall with incorrect recovery
technique
Overview
• Revision
• Definitions
• Principles
– Spin
• Considerations
– Types of spins
– C.G.
– Autorotation
– Types of spins
– C.G.
– Autorotation
– Spin vs Spiral
dive
• Air Exercise
• Airmanship
• Review
Revision
CL
CL
CL
CL
L
L
L L
W W W W
110kt
4o
70kt
8o
44kt
16o
<44kt
>16o
IAS
AoA
Revision
Usual Symptoms Close to the stall
1. High nose attitude
2. Low IAS
3. Reduced effectiveness of controls
4. Stall Warning
5. Control Buffet
Symptoms of a stall
1. Loss of height
2. Nose Pitch Down
Definitions
• A spin
– A condition of stalled flight
where the aircraft loses height
rapidly in a spiral descent.
– Occurs due to a stall in which
one wing stalls before the
other (wing drop), and this
wing drop is not corrected.
Principles
• Occurs at low airspeeds
Considerations
• Two types of spin:
Flat spin
– High nose attitude
– Increased drag
– Relatively low rate of rotation
– Relatively low rate of descent
Considerations
Steep spin
– Low nose attitude
– Higher rate of rotation
– Higher rate of descent
Considerations
• Centre of gravity
– Forward C.G. causes a nose
down tendency, giving a
steeper spin
– Rearward C.G. causes a
nose pitch up tendency,
giving a flatter spin, harder to
recover
Considerations
• Autorotation
– Occurs in the initial stages of the stall
Two main features:
1. Auto roll
The more deeply the dropping wing stalls, the more
the aircraft wants to roll into the direction of the spin.
2. Auto yaw
The dropping wing will generate more drag, yawing
the aircraft into the spin.
Considerations
• Spin Vs. Spiral Dive
Spin Spiral Dive
– Low IAS (Stalled) – High and increasing
IAS (Not Stalled)
– High rate of rotation – Lower rate of rotation
– Low noise level – High noise level
– Possible buffet
Air Exercise
• Pre Entry
– Lookout
– Pick reference point
– Manoeuvre checks:
– H
– H
– E
– L
– L
– L
eight sufficient to recover by 3000ft AGL!
atches/Harnesses secure
ngine Temperature & Pressures
ocation – not above a populated area
oose articles secure
ookout (360 degree turn)
Air Exercise
• Entry
– Reduce power to idle, keep straight with rudder,
maintain height with backpressure
– When stall occurs, apply full rudder in desired
direction and aft control column.
• During
– Count three rotations
• Recovery
– Apply full opposite rudder to stop rotation
– Ease control column forward to unstall the wings
– Level wings and ease out of dive
– As nose passes horizon, climb away.
Airmanship
• Lookout
• Pre-manoeuvre checks
• Do not use aileron to pick up wing drop
• Speed and manoeuvre limitations not to be
exceeded
• Smooth coordinated use of controls
• Correct handover/ takeover procedure
• UNINTENTIONAL STALL OR SPIN SHOULD
NEVER OCCUR!
Review
• Spin – what is it, how do we get into one?
• What are the two types of spin?
– Flat Spin
– Steep Spin
• What are the differences between them
• What happens to the spin if:
– C.G. moves forward
– C.G. moves rearward
• What makes up autorotation?
– Auto-roll
– Auto-yaw
• What is the difference between a spin and a
spiral dive?
• How do we recover from a spin?

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