320系列GPWS

航空

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航空

NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 1/35
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 2/35
The GPWS monitors the aircraft
flight path and generates visual and
audio warnings/alerts when the aircraft
is in one of the defined hazardous
situations. These warnings will be overridden
by stall or windshear warnings.
The A320 family is equipped with a Ground
Proximity Warning System (GPWS).
Its purpose is to enhance safety by alerting
the crew to potentially hazardous situations
involving terrain collision or incorrect landing
configuration.
GPWS
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 3/35
ILS 1
FMGC 1
LGCIU 1
GPWS
The GPWS processes the data from:
- RA 1,
- ADIRS 1,
- ILS 1,
- FMGC 1,
- LGCIU 1.
Failures of these units will be studied in
the abnormal operation modules.
RA 1
ADIRS 1
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 4/35
Most GPWS alerts and warnings are generated
as a result of changes in radar altimeter heights or
the rates of those changes.
The system predicts potential hazards from
these trends, but has no forward looking capability.
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 5/35
Therefore impact with a near vertical
cliff face can not be predicted. GPWS
does not absolve the crew from
monitoring aircraft position and safety
altitude !
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 6/35
The GPWS control panel is located
on the left side of the overhead panel.
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 7/35
GPWS visual warnings are provided on
the MISCELLANEOUS panels .
The system can be tested by pressing
either GPWS-G/S pb sw. This test is
normally performed by the maintenance
crew.
In addition, two loudspeakers located on
each lower side of the main panel broadcast
GPWS aural warnings even if they are
turned off.
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 8/35
GPWS enhances safety by alerting/warning the crew of potentially
hazardous situations during flight at low heights.
Crews should react to any GPWS warning immediately without
attempting to assess its validity.
GPWS operation is fully automatic in the normal lights out
configuration. We will now study the aural and visual alerts and
warnings.
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 9/35
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 10/35
If a high rate of descent is detected at low level, GPWS
will generate an aural, repeated “Sink rate” alert.
If this rate is, or becomes excessive, the repetitive aural
warning “Whoop whoop pull up” will be generated.
In both cases, the red GPWS lights will illuminate.
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 11/35
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 12/35
If rising ground is detected as a potential threat
to the safety of the aircraft, GPWS will alert the crew
with a repeated “Terrain” aural alert.
The system will generate a “Whoop whoop pull
up” warning after the terrain alert has been repeated
twice.
The red GPWS lights will illuminate in either case.
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 13/35
If GPWS detects a rate of descent during the initial climb after
take-off or following a go-around, it will give a repeated “Don’t sink”
alert with accompanying GPWS red lights.
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 14/35
If the landing gear and flaps are retracted and GPWS
detects that the aircraft is close to the ground, it
generates a “Too low, terrain” aural warning and the
GPWS red lights illuminates.
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 15/35
At very low levels, the aural warning “Too low gear”
would be generated if the landing gear is still retracted.
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 16/35
If the landing gear is down, but the flaps are not in
landing configuration, the warning is “Too low flaps”.
Note that the “Too low gear” warning has priority over
the “Too low flaps”.
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 17/35
Below approximately 1000 ft on an approach, a GPWS
glide slope aural and visual alert will be generated if:
- the runway is ILS equipped,
- the ILS is tuned,
- the ILS signal is valid,
- the aircraft is significantly below the glide slope.
Both amber G/S lights will illuminate.
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 18/35
The aural message will become louder, to
indicate a warning, if no corrective action is
taken as the aircraft gets closer to the ground,
or if it descends further below the glide slope.
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 19/35
Note that some airports around the world have approaches and departures which are not
compatible with standard GPWS operation. These airports are programmed into the GPWS database
and the warning thresholds are modified to avoid nuisance warnings.
The GPWS panel allows the crew to inhibit some warnings.
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 20/35
Flap 3 is a recognised landing configuration.
If the option is used or if required by an ECAM
procedure, the crew should select LDG FLAP 3 pb
sw ON to ensure that the GPWS does not generate
warnings when it detects that the aircraft is not in
the full flap configuration.
The associated green GPWS FLAP 3 memo
message is displayed on the E/WD.
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 21/35
Following certain failures, a landing may
have to be made with a reduced flap setting.
The crew can select the FLAP mode pb sw
OFF to inhibit GPWS flap warnings.
If the FLAP mode is OFF, the green FLAP
MODE OFF message is displayed on the E/WD.
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 22/35
When selected OFF, the G/S MODE
pb sw will inhibit the GPWS glide slope
warning.
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 23/35
The white OFF light illuminates when
the GPWS is selected off. All warnings
are inhibited.
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 24/35
If your aircraft is equipped with the
Enhanced GPWS (EGPWS), a forward
looking capability for terrain is added. The
basic functions, we have just studied,
remain unchanged.
EGPWS is based on terrain database and
FMGC current position, not on radar
returns.
The purpose of the EGPWS is to avoid a
Control Flight Into Terrain and to give
enough time to the crew to perform an
avoidance manoeuvre.
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 25/35
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The terrain information is displayed on the ND except in PLAN mode.
A different image texture, an image display which sweeps from center outward
to both ND sides and a “TERR” indication instead of the radar “TILT”indication
help the crew to make the difference between the EGPWS terrain computed data
and the ground picture sensed by the radar.
The terrain elevation surrounding the aircraft is color coded.
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 26/35
Two TERR ON ND pb sw are fitted on
each side of the main panel.
To display the terrain picture on his
ND, a pilot will have to switch on his
respective TERR ON ND pb sw.
Note that the weather radar information
is replaced even if it is switched on.
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 27/35
In the lights out position, the EGPWS operation is fully automatic.
The TERR pb sw, in the OFF position allows the crew to inhibit the
“enhanced” functions but keeps the basic GPWS functions operative.
In case of failure of the “enhanced” functions, the FAULT light comes on but
the basic GPWS functions remain operative.
As for the basic GPWS, the SYS pb sw controls the basic functions.
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 28/35
The EGPWS uses a terrain database coupled with a FMGS position to
calculate two terrain envelopes ahead of the aircraft. When a conflict is detected
between these terrain envelopes and the terrain memorized in the database, an
alert is triggered.
One terrain envelope corresponds to a caution level while the second one to a
warning level.
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 29/35
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 30/35
• If the caution terrain envelope is penetrated, the areas which violate the
caution envelope limits turn to a solid yellow color.
• An amber “TERR AHEAD” message appears and a repeated “TERRAIN
AHEAD” aural alert is generated.
• If the terrain warning envelope is penetrated, the areas which violate the
warning envelope turn to a solid red colour.
A red “TERR AHEAD” message appears and a repeated “TERRAIN AHEAD,
PULL UP” aural alert is generated.
In both cases, the red GPWS lights will illuminate.
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 31/35
As for the basic GPWS warnings, crews should react
immediately without attempting to assess its validity.
NAVIGATION MENU
GPWS presentation 32/35
In case of caution or warning, if TERR ON ND is not
selected on, the terrain display is set automatically to on
and the ON light on the TERR ON ND pb sw comes on.
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 33/35
The second EGPWS protective function
provides a terrain clearance floor envelope
for each runway stored in the database.
This function warns a premature descent
below this floor regardless of aircraft
configuration.
Runway
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 34/35
CAUTION:
• The relative height is calculated using the
Captain baro setting. Thus, the system does
not protect against baro setting errors.
• The position is calculated using FM 1. The
system does not protect against FM 1
position errors.
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 35/35 NEXT
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When the aircraft position accuracy,
provided by the FMGS, is not sufficient,
the "enhanced" functions of the
EGPWS are automatically deselected.
“TERR STBY” appears in green on
the ECAM memo and the terrain display
is deselected until a high level of
navigation accuracy is restored.
The basic GPWS functions remain
operative.
NAVIGATION MENU GPWS presentation 36/35
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EXIT
AUDIO GLOSSARY FCOM
RETURN
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bocome

非正常操作

奶毛头

感谢分享，下来看看

咖啡时光

近地警告系统

flypedrail

gpws？看看

鲁沙沙

谢谢楼主提供的资料！

tissle

好资料，学习中。。。

gordon525

谢谢辛苦了 收藏一下

orgyan

感谢楼主.谢谢你的奉献