Plane SenSe General aviation Information

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Chapter 2: Buying an Aircraft Things to consider when buying an amateur-built aircraft: •Examine the Special Airworthiness Certificate and its operating limitations. This certificate is used for all aircraft that fall under experimental status and states for what purpose it was issued. The operating limitations specify any operating restrictions that may apply to the aircraft. •Check the aircraft maintenance records of the airframe, engine, propeller, and accessories. Under 14 CFR part 91, sections 91.305 and 91.319(b), all initial flight operations of experimental aircraft may be limited to an assigned flight test area. This is called Phase I. The aircraft is flown in this designated area until it is shown to be controllable throughout its normal range of speeds and all maneuvers to be executed, and that it has not displayed any hazardous operating characteristics or design features. The required flight time may vary for each type of aircraft and is covered in the operating limitations. •After the flight time requirements are met, the owner/operator endorses the aircraft logbook with a statement certifying that the prescribed flight hours are completed and the aircraft complies with 14 CFR part 91, section 91.319(b). Phase I records are retained for the life of the aircraft. •In Phase II, the FAA may prescribe Operating Limitations for an unlimited duration, as appropriate. •Before taking delivery of the aircraft, make a final pre-purchase inspection. Ensure that the Special Airworthiness Certificate, Operating Limitations, Aircraft Data Plate, Weight and Balance data, Aircraft Maintenance Records, and any other required documents are with the aircraft. If the Special Airworthiness Certificate, Operating Limitations, and Aircraft Data Plate are surrendered to the FAA by the original builder, you may not be able to recertificate the aircraft because you are not the builder. •Amateur-built aircraft require a condition in- spection within the previous 12 calendar months. This inspection requirement and those who are eligible to work on the aircraft are addressed in the Operating Limitations of that particular aircraft. military surplus Aircraft Certain surplus military aircraft are not eligible for FAA certification in the STANDARD, RESTRICTED, or LIMITED classifications. The FAA, in cooperation with the Department of Defense (DOD), normally performs preliminary “screening” inspections on surplus military aircraft to determine the civil certification potential of the aircraft. For aircraft eligible for potential certification, you must “show”the FAA that your aircraft conforms to the FAA-approved type design (type certificate), and that the aircraft is in a condition for safe operation (airworthy). This means you are required to provide the technical data necessary to support this showing. For example, certain military surplus aircraft may be eligible for certification in the RESTRICTED category and modified for special purpose operations. Military-derived RESTRICTED category aircraft may be manufactured in the United States or in a foreign country, but military surplus aircraft must be surplus of the U.S. Armed Forces. The FAA bases its certification on the operation and maintenance of the aircraft including review of the service life of the aircraft and any modifications. When an aircraft has been modified by the military, you must either return the aircraft to the originally approved civil configuration, or obtain FAA design approval for the military modification. This is accomplished through the STC process. The STC process is also necessary for modifications to the aircraft for a special purpose operation (e.g., crop dusting). Once the FAA determines that the military surplus aircraft conforms to the FAAapproved type design, as noted in FAA Order 8130.2 (as revised), Airworthiness Certification of Aircraft and Related Products, and military records, you may apply for an airworthiness certificate. Since no civil aircraft may be flown unless certificated, you should discuss this with an ASI at your local FSDO, who can advise you of eligible aircraft and certification procedures. An additional source for advice on amateur-built and surplus military aircraft is the EAA. 2 2-6 Plane Sense Figure 2-1. Buying an Aircraft Checklist. This checklist is intended to provide a suggested list of items to consider when purchasing an aircraft. It is not an all-inclusive list, and if you have any questions, you should consult with an experienced aviation professional prior to purchasing an aircraft.

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Buying an Aircraft Checklist stAtUs item desCriPtion •Selecting the Aircraft Consider the location of the seller. Consider factors affecting resale value: •Engine hours •Installed equipment •ADs •Damage history •aint/Interior Consider the condition of the engine (e.g., overhauls). •Aircraft Title Ensure the aircraft has “clear title.” •Aircraft Documents Ensure the appropriate documentation is reviewed and transferred with the aircraft: •roof of purchase (bill of sale or conditional sales contract) •Airworthiness certificate •Maintenance records •Manuals Ensure all aircraft manufacturer and other manuals are transferred with the aircraft. •Maintenance Review the maintenance records to ensure they are complete and all inspections are current. 2 3 3-1 A n airworthiness certificate is issued by a representative of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) after the aircraft has been inspected, is found to meet the requirements of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) and is in condition for safe operation. The certificate must be displayed in the aircraft so that it is legible to passengers or crew whenever the aircraft is operated. The airworthiness certificate is transferred with the aircraft, except when it is sold to a foreign purchaser. An airworthiness certificate is an FAA document that grants authorization to operate an aircraft in flight. The FAA provides information regarding the definition of the term “airworthy”in FAA Order 8130.2 (as revised), Airworthiness Certification of Aircraft and Related Products, chapter 1. Classifcations of Airworthiness Certifcates The FAA initially determines that your aircraft is in condition for safe operation and conforms to type design or American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International standards, then issues an airworthiness certificate. There are two different classifications of airworthiness certificates: Standard Airworthiness and Special Airworthiness. Standard Airworthiness Certificate FAA Form 8100-2, Standard Airworthiness Certificate is the FAA’s official authorization allowing for the operation of type certificated aircraft in the following categories: •Normal •Utility •Acrobatic •Commuter •Transport •Manned free balloons •Special classes A standard airworthiness certificate remains valid as long as the aircraft meets its approved type design, is in a condition for safe operation and maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations are performed in accordance with 14 CFR parts 21, 43, and 91. Airworthiness Certifcate 3-2 Plane Sense Special Airworthiness Certificate FAA Form 8130-7, Special Airworthiness Certificate, is an FAA authorization to operate an aircraft in U.S. airspace in one or more of categories in Figure 3-1. Figure 3-1. Special Airworthiness Certificate Categories. Category Purpose(s) 14 CFr Primary Aircraft flown for pleasure and personal use Part 21, section 21.24 Part 21, section 21.184 Restricted Aircraft with a “restricted”category type certificate, including: •Agricultural •Forest and wildlife conservation •Aerial surveying •atrolling (pipelines, power lines) •Weather control •Aerial advertising •Other operations specified by the Administrator Part 21, section 21.25 Part 21, section 21.185 Multiple Multiple airworthiness certificates Part 21, section 21.187 Limited Aircraft with a “limited”category type certificate Part 21, section 21.189 Light-Sport Operate a light-sport aircraft, other than a gyroplane, kit-built, or transitioning ultralight-like vehicle Part 21, section 21.190 Experimental •Research and development •Showing compliance with regulations •Crew training •Exhibition •Air racing •Market surveys •Operating amateur-built aircraft •Operating kit-built aircraft •Operating light-sport aircraft •Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Part 21, section 21.191 Part 21, section 21.193 Part 21, section 21.195 Special Flight Permit Special-purpose flight of an aircraft that is capable of safe flight Part 21, section 21.197 Provisional Aircraft with a “provisional”category type certificate for special operations and operating limitations Part 21, subpart C Part 21, subpart I Part 91, section 91.317 3 3-3 Chapter 3: Airworthiness Certifcate issuance of an Airworthiness Certifcate Only an FAA aviation safety inspector (ASI) or authorized representative of the Administrator (i.e., Designees), as defined in 14 CFR Part 183, Representatives of the Administrator, is authorized to issue an airworthiness certificate. Your local FAA Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) processes requests for replacement airworthiness certificates. You should contact your local FSDO immediately upon discovering that you need a replacement airworthiness certificate for your aircraft. Applying for an Airworthiness Certifcate A registered owner may apply for an airworthiness certificate by submitting FAA Form 8130-6, Applica- tion for U.S. Airworthiness Certificate, to your local FAA Manufacturing Inspection District Office (MIDO). You can find your local MIDO contact information on the FAA website at www.faa.gov. Figure 3-2 at the end of this chapter is a sample FAA Form 8130-6. You can find instructions for completing FAA Form 8130-6 on the FAA website at www.faa.gov or in FAA Order 8130.2 (as revised). The FAA will issue the applicable certificate if the aircraft is eligible and in a condition for safe operation. FAA Form 8100-2, Standard Airworthiness Certificate FAA Form 8100-2, Standard Airworthiness Certificate, is issued for aircraft type certificated in the normal, utility, acrobatic, commuter, and transport categories, or for manned free balloons. The airworthiness certificate remains in effect as long as the aircraft receives the required main- tenance and is properly registered in the United States. Flight safety relies, in part, on the condition of the aircraft, which may be determined on inspection by mechanics, approved repair stations, or manufacturers that meet specific requirements of 14 CFR part 43. Figure 3-3 at the end of this chapter is a sample FAA Form 8100-2. FAA Form 8130-7, Special Airworthiness Certificate FAA Form 8130-7, Special Airworthiness Certificate, is issued for all aircraft certificated in other than the Standard classifications, such as Experimental, Restricted, Limited, Provisional, and Light-Sport. If you are interested in purchasing an aircraft classed as other than Standard, you should contact the local MIDO or FSDO for an explanation of airworthiness requirements and the limitations of such a certificate. The Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA) is an additional source of information on special airworthi- ness certificates. Figure 3-4 at the end of this chapter is a sample FAA Form 8130-7. m CAUTION: The FAA can revoke an existing airworthiness certificate in any category (14 CFR part 21, section 21.181), if the aircraft no longer meets its approved design and/or is not in an airworthy condition. regulations and Policies There are a number of regulations and policy documents that provide additional guidance on the subject of airworthiness. Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations •14 CFR Part 21, Certification Procedures for Products and Parts •14 CFR Part 21, Subpart H, Airworthiness Certificates •14 CFR Part 45, Identification and Registration Marking •14 CFR Part 91, Section 91.313, Restricted category civil aircraft: Operating limitations •14 CFR Part 91, Subpart D, Special Flight Operations •14 CFR Part 91, Section 91.715, Special flight authorizations for foreign civil aircraft •14 CFR Part 375, Navigation of Foreign Civil Aircraft Within the United States FAA Orders (as revised) •FAA Order 8130.2, Airworthiness Certification of Aircraft and Related Products •FAA Order 8900.1, Flight Standards Information Management System (FSIMS) FAA Advisory Circulars (ACs) (as revised) •AC 20-27, Certification and Operation of Amateur-Built Aircraft •AC 20-139, Commercial Assistance During Construction of Amateur-Built Aircraft •AC 21-4, Special Flight Permits for Operation of Overweight Aircraft •AC 21-12, Application for U.S. Airworthiness Certificate, FAA Form 8130-6 •AC 45-2, Identification and Registration Marking •AC 90-89, Amateur-Built Aircraft and Ultra-light Flight Testing Handbook 3 3-4 Plane Sense Figure 3-2. FAA Form 8130-6, Application for U.S. Airworthiness Certificate. You can obtain instructions for completing FAA Form 8130-6 on the FAA website at www.faa.gov or from your local FSDO. SAMPLE 3 3-5 Chapter 3: Airworthiness Certifcate Figure 3-2. FAA Form 8130-6 (page 2 of 2). SAMPLE 3 3-6 Plane Sense Figure 3-3. FAA Form 8100-2, Standard Airworthiness Certificate. The FAA issues FAA Form 8100-2, Standard Airworthiness Certificate, for aircraft type certificated in the normal, utility, acrobatic, commuter, and transport categories, or for manned free balloons. SAMPLE N2631A PIPER PA-22-135 22-903 NORMAL NONE 08-10-95 MARION W. WILLIAMS SW-FSDO-OKC Marion W. Williams 3 3-7 Chapter 3: Airworthiness Certifcate Figure 3-4. Form 8130-7, Special Airworthiness Certificate. The FAA issues FAA Form 8130-7, Special Airworthiness Certificate, for all aircraft certificated in other than the Standard classifications, such as Experimental, Restricted, Limited, Provisional, and Light-Sport. SAMPLE EXPERIMENTAL OPERATING AMATEUR-BUILT AIRCRAFT N/A N/A N/A N/A 48SB STUART R. SKYE 04-01-95 04-01-95 9411 PITTS SIS UNLIMITED OKC-MIDO-41 Darel A. Freeman SAMPLE 3 3-8 Plane Sense 3 4 Aircraft registration 4-1 I f you purchase an aircraft and intend to operate in the National Air Space, you must register the aircraft with the Aircraft Registration Branch (AFS-750). Aircraft may be registered under a Certificate of Aircraft Registration or Dealer’s Aircraft Registration Certificate issued by AFS-750. m CAUTION: The application must be submitted in the name of the owner(s), not in the name of the bank or other mortgage holder. Aircraft registration Branch You may confirm any required fees with AFS-750 prior to submitting any aircraft documents for processing. AFS-750 contact information is in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Contact Information appendix on pages A1–A2 of this handbook. Visit the “Aircraft Registration” link on the FAA website at www.faa.gov for information regarding aircraft registration, recording liens, fees, importing and exporting aircraft, requesting special N-numbers, obtaining copies of aircraft records, downloading forms, an interactive aircraft registration database, etc. You may also order aircraft records by mail, fax, or telephone. In compliance with statutory requirements, documents are processed in date-received order. You may check to see if your documents have been received by using the FAA website “Aircraft Registration” link, and selecting the “Download the Aircraft Registration Database” link to search the document index. The FAA updates the “Aircraft Registration Inquiry”site at midnight on each federal workday. You can find new information immediately following this update. Please allow up to 20 days for processing N-number reservations and renewals and up to 30 days for all other non-priority actions. m CAUTION: The act of registration is not evidence of ownership of an aircraft in any proceeding in which ownership by a particular person is in issue. The FAA does not issue any certificate of ownership or endorse any information with respect to ownership on a Certificate of Aircraft Registration. The FAA issues a Certificate of Aircraft Registration to the person who appears to be the owner on the basis of the evidence of ownership submitted with the Aircraft Registration Application, or recorded at the FAA Aircraft Registry. Failure to properly register your aircraft may invalidate insurance, as well as have other serious consequences. You may need to follow up with AFS-750 to ensure that your aircraft registration was accomplished successfully. 4-2 4 Plane Sense m CAUTION: An aircraft may not be registered in a foreign country during the period it is registered in the United States. eligible registrants An aircraft is eligible for registration in the United States if it is owned by: •A U.S. citizen (as defined in Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR), part 47, section 47.2, a U.S. citizen can be an individual, or partnership where each individual is a U.S. citizen, or a corporation organized under the laws of the United States of which the president and at least two-thirds of the board of directors are U.S. citizens and 75 percent of the voting interest is owned or controlled by U.S. citizens) •A resident alien •A corporation other than one classified as a U.S. citizen, lawfully organized under the laws of the United States or of any state thereof, if the aircraft is based and used primarily in the United States •A government entity (federal, state or local) registering Your Aircraft To register an aircraft, you must send the following documentation and fee to AFS-750: •Aeronautical Center (AC) Form 8050-1, Aircraft Registration Application, •Evidence of ownership (such as a bill of sale), and •The registration fee made payable to the FAA. You must use an original AC Form 8050-1 when applying for a Certificate of Aircraft Registration. AC 8050-1 may be obtained from AFS-750 or your local FAA Flight Standards District Office (FSDO). If you use a P.O. Box as a mailing address, you must also provide your street or physical location on the application. m CAUTION: The FAA does not accept photocopies or alternate formats of AC 8050-1. Your application for aircraft registration must include the typed or printed name of each applicant with his or her signature in the signature block. m CAUTION: An aircraft may be registered only by and in the legal name of its owner. m CAUTION: The FAA will return any applications that do not include the printed or typed name of the signer. Figure 4-1 at the end of this chapter is an aircraft registration checklist you can use to assist you in the registration process. registration number The United States received the “N”as its nationality designator under the International Air Navigation Convention, held in 1919. How To Form an N-Number N-numbers consist of a series of alphanumeric characters. U.S. registration numbers may not exceed five characters in addition to the standard U.S. registration prefix letter “N.”These characters may be: •One to five numbers (N12345), •One to four numbers followed by one letter (N1234Z), or •One to three numbers followed by two letters (N123AZ). To avoid confusion with the numbers one and zero, the letters I and O are not used. Also, please note that a hyphen (-) is no longer used in U.S. registration numbers. Other Requirements An N-number may not begin with zero. You must precede the first zero in an N-number with any number 1 through 9. For example, N01Z is not valid. Registration numbers N1 through N99 are strictly reserved for FAA internal use. special registration number A special registration number is an N-number of your choice which may be reserved, if available. Special registration numbers may be: •Used to change the N-number currently on your aircraft. •Assigned to a new home-built, import, or newly manufactured aircraft in preparation for registering that aircraft. •Reserved for 1 year. Upon reservation, the FAA will mail a confirmation notice to the requester. A renewal notice will also be sent prior to the expiration date. An online reservation request program is available on the FAA website at www.faa.gov. •Renewed annually. The renewal fee is $10 each year. An online renewal program is available on the FAA website at www.faa.gov. Chapter 4: Aircraft Registration 4-3 Chapter 4: Aircraft Registration 4 Requesting a Special Registration Number You may reserve a special N-number from the List of Available N-numbers for immediate use on a specific aircraft or for future use. This number may not exceed five characters in addition to the prefix letter “N.”All five characters may be numbers (N11111) or four numbers and one suffix letter (N1000A), or one to three numbers and/or two suffix letters may be used (N100AA). In your written request, list up to five numbers in order of preference in the event your first choice is not available, and include the fee. The fee for a Special Registration Number is $10.00. Forward your request to AFS-750. If your request is approved, you will be notified that the number has been reserved for 1 year, and that the reservation may be extended on an annual basis for a $10 renewal fee. Placing the Special Registration Number on Your Aircraft When you are ready to place the number on your aircraft, you should request permission by forwarding a complete description of the aircraft to AFS-750. Permission to place the special number on your aircraft is given on AC Form 8050-64, Assignment of Special Registration Numbers. When the number is placed on your aircraft, sign and return the original AC Form 8050-64 to AFS-750 within 5 days. Figure 4-2 at the end of this chapter is a sample AC Form 8050-64. A duplicate AC Form 8050-64, together with your airworthiness certificate, should be presented to an aviation safety inspector (ASI) from your local FSDO within 10 days from placing the new registration number on your aircraft. The ASI will issue a revised airworthiness certificate showing the new registration number. The old registration certificate and the duplicate AC Form 8050-64 should be carried in the aircraft until the new Certificate of Registration is received, in accordance with 14 CFR part 91, section 91.203(a)(1). Aircraft Previously registered in the United states If the aircraft you are purchasing was previously registered in the United States, you should immedi- ately submit evidence of ownership, an AC Form 8050-1, Aircraft Registration Application, and the registration fee to AFS-750 upon closing. Fees required for aircraft registration may be paid by check or money order made payable to the Treasury of the United States. AFS-750 contact information is in the FAA Contact Information appendix on pages A1–A2 of this handbook. AC Form 8050-2, Aircraft Bill of Sale, meets the FAA’s requirements for evidence of ownership. An AC Form 8050-2 does not need to be notarized. AC Forms 8050-1 and 8050-2 can be obtained from the nearest FSDO, and include information and instruction sheets. Figure 4-3 at the end of this chapter is a sample AC Form 8050-2. m CAUTION: If a conditional sales contract is the evidence of ownership, an additional fee is required for recording. Chain of Ownership If there is a break in the chain of ownership of the aircraft (i.e., if it is not being purchased from the last registered owner), you are required to submit conveyances to complete the chain of ownership through all intervening owners, including yourself, to AFS-750. Replacement Certificate of Aircraft Registration AC Form 8050-1 may also be used to report a change of address by the aircraft owner. The FAA issues a revised certificate at no charge. If the certificate is lost, destroyed, or mutilated, a replacement certificate may be obtained at the written request of the certi- ficate holder. Send the request and fee to AFS-750. The request should describe the aircraft by make, model, serial number, and registration number. If operation of the aircraft is necessary before receipt of the duplicate certificate, AFS-750 may, if requested, send temporary authority by fax. You should include your full address, fax number, and contact telephone number in your request AFS-750 contact information is in the FAA Contact Information appendix on pages A1–A2 of this handbook. Aircraft Previously registered in a Foreign Country If you are considering the purchase of an aircraft that is currently registered in a foreign country, you should be aware that multiple issues are involved with the registration process. You should contact AFS-750 for registration assistance. 4-4

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4 Plane Sense AC Form 8050-1, Aircraft registration Application AC Form 8050-1, Aircraft Registration Application, includes an information and instruction sheet. Submit the white and green copies to AFS-750 and keep the pink copy in the aircraft as temporary authority to operate the aircraft without registration. This temporary authority is valid until the date the applicant receives the AC Form 8050-3, Certificate of Aircraft Registration, or until the date the FAA denies the application, but in no case for more than 90 days after the date of the application. Pink copy operation is valid only inside the United States. Figure 4-4 at the end of this chapter is a sample AC Form 8050-1. If by 90 days the FAA has neither issued the Certificate of Aircraft Registration nor denied the application, the FAA Aircraft Registry may issue a letter of extension that serves as authority to continue to operate the aircraft without registration. m CAUTION: If you plan to operate the aircraft outside the United States within 90 days of submitting your registration documents, you should contact AFS-750 to request a temporary certificate by fax, also known as a “fly wire”. AC Form 8050-3, Certifcate of Aircraft registration AC Form 8050-3 is issued to the person whose name is on the application. The pink copy is valid for 90 days and is legal only in the United States. An AC Form 8050-3 should be in the aircraft before an Airworthiness Certificate can be issued. Some of the conditions under which AC Form 8050-3 becomes invalid, as described in 14 CFR part 47, section 47.41 include: •The aircraft becomes registered under the laws of a foreign country. •The registration of the aircraft is cancelled at the written request of the holder of the certificate. •The aircraft is totally destroyed or scrapped. •The holder of the certificate loses his or her U.S. citizenship or status as a resident alien without becoming a U.S. citizen. •The ownership of the aircraft is transferred. •Thirty days have elapsed since the death of the holder of the certificate. When an aircraft is sold, destroyed, or scrapped, the owner must notify the FAA by filling in the back of AC Form 8050-3 and mailing it to AFS-750. The U.S. registration and nationality marking should be removed from an aircraft before it is delivered to a purchaser who is not eligible to register it in the United States. The endorsed AC Form 8050-3 should be forwarded to AFS-750. AFS-750 contact information is in the FAA Contact Information appendix on pages A1–A2 of this handbook. An AC Form 8050-6, Dealer’s Aircraft Registration Certificate, is an alternative form of registration. It is valid only for flights within the United States by the manufacturer or dealer for flight testing or demonstration for sale. It should be removed by the dealer when the aircraft is sold. To apply for a Dealer’s Aircraft Registration Certificate, the applicant must complete AC Form 8050-5, Dealer’s Aircraft Registration Certificate Application. m CAUTION: AC Form 8050-3 serves as conclusive evidence of nationality but it is not a title and is not evidence of ownership in any proceeding in which ownership is at issue. Amateur-Built Aircraft registration and inspection The FAA recommends that you apply for registration of your amateur-built aircraft 60–120 days before you finish building your aircraft, and before you submit FAA Form 8130-6 to the FAA. The FAA will not inspect your amateur-built aircraft before it has been registered or during construction of the aircraft. The FAA or a Designated Airworthiness Representative (DAR) in your geographical area inspects your amateur-built aircraft for general airworthiness only after you have made an application for an airworthiness certificate. The FAA does not charge a fee to the public for inspecting amateur-built aircraft. However, FAA workload may delay inspection of your aircraft. For this reason, the FAA staff is augmented by the use of DARs who may charge a fee for their services (14 CFR Part 183, Section 183.33(b), Designated Airworthiness Representative). You may locate a DAR in your geographical area by reviewing the online DAR Directory. Manufacturing DARs are listed by state in the first half of the directory, and Maintenance DARs are listed by state in the second half. A DAR who has authority to inspect and certify amateur-built aircraft has the Chapter 4: 4-5 Aircraft Registration 4 DAR Function Code “46” under his or her name. (Also see FAA Order 8100.8 (as revised), Designee Management Handbook, for designee program details.) light-sport Aircraft registration If you purchased a newly manufactured light-sport aircraft that is to be certificated as: •An experimental light-sport aircraft under 14 CFR, part 21, section 21.191(i)(2); or •A special light-sport aircraft under 14 CFR part 21, section 21.190; Then you must provide the following documentation to AFS-750: •AC Form 8050-88 (as revised), Light-Sport Aircraft Manufacturer’s Affidavit, completed by the light-sport aircraft manufacturer, unless previously submitted to AFS-750 by the manufacturer; •Evidence of ownership from the manufacturer for the aircraft; •AC Form 8050-1, Aircraft Registration Application; and •Registration fee. The FAA Light Sport Aviation Branch (AFS-610) or your local FSDO can assist you with questions about the registration of light-sport aircraft. AFS-610 contact information is in the FAA Contact Information appendix on pages A1–A2 of this handbook. state registration requirements Aircraft owners should remember that state registration of aircraft is required in many states. You should check with your state government to ensure that you have met any applicable state registration requirements for your aircraft. Additional information 14 CFR part 47 specifies the requirements for registering an aircraft. For information concerning 14 CFR part 47 or any topics not discussed in this chapter, please contact AFS-750. AFS-750 contact information is in the FAA Contact Information appendix on pages A1–A2 of this handbook.

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4-6 Plane 4 Sense Figure 4-1. Aircraft Registration Checklist. You can use this checklist to assist you with the aircraft registration process. Aircraft registration Checklist stAtUs item desCriPtion •Certificate of airworthiness Confirm the aircraft has a valid certificate of airworthiness or special certificate of airworthiness, if applicable. •Eligible registrant In accordance with 14 CFR part 47: U.S. citizen, resident alien, corporation or government entity • Aircraft Registration Application Original AC Form 8050-1, Aircraft Registration Application • Evidence of ownership AC Form 8050-2, Bill of Sale or conditional sales contract • Fee Check with AFS-750 to determine applicable fee (i.e., conditional sales contract as evidence of ownership triggers additional fee). • Registration number Confirm registration number on aircraft. • Special registration number (if applicable) Complete FAA Form 8050-64, Assignment of Special Registration Number, when you are ready to use the new registration number. • Chain of ownership Ensure that chain of ownership is uninterrupted. If chain of ownership is interrupted, you must submit conveyances completing the chain of ownership to AFS-750. • State registration requirements Check with your state aviation authority to confirm any state requirements. • Light-sport aircraft (if applicable) You must send the following documents to AFS-750: AC Form 8050-88A, Light-Sport Aircraft Manu- facturer’s Affidavit; evidence of ownership from the manufacturer for the aircraft; AC Form 8050-1, Aircraft Registration Application; and the registration fee. Chapter 4: 4-7 Aircraft Registration 4 Figure 4-2. AC Form 8050-64, Assignment of Special Registration Numbers. The FAA issues AC Form 8050-64 to give you permission to place your reserved special registration number on your aircraft. You should place the special registration number on your aircraft, and then notify the FAA in accordance with the instructions provided. N401RZ N402TS CIRRUS DESIGN CORP SR22 2917 RANDALL Z. BLACKHAWK 150 CESSNA ROAD OKLAHOMA CITY, OK 73125 JUN 13, 2008 JUN 13, 2009 JAN 30, 2008 STANDARD ICAO AIRCRAFT ADDRESS CODE FOR N401RZ - 50999999 4-8 4 Plane Sense Figure 4-3. AC Form 8050-2, Aircraft Bill of Sale. You can download the form and obtain instructions for completing FAA Form 8050-2 on the FAA website at www.faa.gov or from your local FSDO. 54320 5TH JANE FLYER OWNER 103AZ CESSNA 172 JUNE 2006 SAMPLE Jane Flyer FRED WINGTIP 44 ECLIPSE STREET OKLAHOMA CITY, OK 73125 Chapter 4: 4-9 Aircraft Registration 4 Figure 4-4. AC Form 8050-1, Aircraft Registration Application. You must use an original AC Form 8050-1 which can be obtained from AFS-750 or your local FSDO. You can obtain instructions for completing AC Form 8050-1 on the FAA website at www.faa.gov or from your local FSDO. (Be sure to print your name below your signature or your application will be rejected.) 142AZ Beechcraft A200 BO-12 Glenn Navigator GLENN NAVIGATOR 04-28-06 X GLENN NAVIGATOR 405 555-8118 14 SKYCATCHER BLVD. SAMPLE 73125 OK OKLAHOMA CITY OWNER 4-10 Plane Sense 4 Figure 4-5. AC Form 8050-3, Certificate of Aircraft Registration. The FAA issues AC Form 8050-3 to evidence registration of your aircraft. N505DH 8806 PITTS SIS LINBERGH, DANIEL E. 800 GATEWAY ROAD OKLAHOMA CITY, OK 73125 JUNE 3,1995 5199999 David Hinson SAMPLE Chapter 4: Aircraft Registration 5-1 special Flight Permits 5A special flight permit can be issued to any U.S. registered aircraft that may not currently meet applicable airworthiness requirements but is capable of safe flight. Before the permit is issued, a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) aviation safety inspector (ASI) may inspect the aircraft or require it to be inspected by an FAA-certificated airframe and powerplant (A&P) mechanic or repair station to determine its safety for the intended flight. The inspection is then recorded in the aircraft records. This type of special flight permit is often referred to as a “ferry permit” because it allows the aircraft to be ferried to a location for maintenance. In the case of general aviation flights (e.g., flights conducted by operators other than Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 121 or part 135 certificate holders), special flight permits are issued by the FAA Flight Standards District Office (FSDO)/International Field Office (IFO) having jurisdiction over the geographical area in which the flight is to originate. Circumstances Warranting a special Flight Permit A special flight permit is issued to allow the aircraft to be flown to a base where repairs, alterations, or maintenance can be performed; for delivering or exporting the aircraft; or for evacuating an aircraft from an area of impending danger. It may also be issued to allow the operation of an overweight aircraft for flight beyond its normal range over water or land areas where adequate landing facilities are not available. The following list, which is not all-inclusive, sets forth the most common requests for special flight permits: •Flying the aircraft to a base where repairs, alterations, or maintenance are to be performed, or to a point of salvage •Flying an aircraft whose annual inspection has expired to a base where an annual inspection can be accomplished •Flying an amateur-built aircraft whose condition inspection has expired to a base where the condition inspection can be accomplished •Delivering or exporting the aircraft •roduction flight testing of new production aircraft •Evacuating aircraft from areas of impending danger •Conducting customer demonstration flights in new production aircraft that have satisfactorily completed production flight tests •Operating an aircraft at a weight in excess of its maximum certificated takeoff weight

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5-2 5 m CAUTION: If an Airworthiness Directive (AD) requires compliance before further flight and does not have a provision for issuance of a special flight permit, the operation of the aircraft to which it applies would not be appropriate, and a special flight permit will not be issued. Foreign-registered Civil Aircraft A special flight authorization allows a foreign- registered civil aircraft that does not have the equivalent of a U.S. standard airworthiness certificate to be operated within the United States. A civil aircraft registered in a country that is a member of the International Civil Aviation Organzation (ICAO) only needs a special flight authorization issued by the FAA. A civil aircraft registered in a country that is not a member of ICAO must have both an authorization from the United States Department of Transportation (DOT) and a special flight authorization issued by the FAA. obtaining a special Flight Authorization To obtain a special flight authorization, you must apply by letter or facsimile. The application and issuance procedures are provided in FAA Order 8130.2 (as revised), Airworthiness Certification of Aircraft and Related Products, Chapter 7, Special Flight Authorizations for Non-U.S.-Registered Civil Aircraft. You can obtain assistance and the necessary forms for issuance of a special flight authorization from the local FSDO or IFO. Application for Airworthiness Certifcate A special flight permit is an FAA Form 8130-7, Special Airworthiness Certificate, issued pursuant to 14 CFR part 21, section 21.197, for an aircraft that may not currently meet applicable airworthiness requirements but is safe for a specific flight. m CAUTION: A special flight permit is not an authorization to deviate from the requirements of 14 CFR part 91. An applicant for a special flight permit must submit FAA Form 8130-6, Application for U.S. Airworthiness Certificate, including a statement indicating: •urpose of the flight; •roposed itinerary; •Essential crew required to operate the aircraft; •The ways, if any, in which the aircraft does not comply with the applicable airworthiness requirements; and •Any other information requested by the Administrator, considered necessary for the purpose of prescribing operating limitations. You should fax the completed form to the FSDO closest to the location where the flight will originate. You can locate contact information for the FSDO on the FAA website at www.faa.gov. Figure 5-1 at the end of this chapter is a sample FAA Form 8130-6. Some FSDOs may ask you to include additional information necessary for the purpose of prescribing operating limitations when you submit FAA Form 8130-6. Examples of additional information might include: •A current copy of the Airworthiness Certificate. •A current copy of the Certificate of Aircraft Registration. •A current copy of the front page of the aircraft and engine(s) logbooks, with all entries completed, (i.e., aircraft, engine(s), propeller(s), manufacturer, model, serial number). •A current copy of the Aircraft/Engine/Propeller/ Appliance AD compliance status. •A copy of the last Aircraft Log Book entry, stating that the aircraft has been inspected and is in a safe condition to fly/ferry, that the aircraft is in compliance with all applicable ADs, and/or a listing of the ADs with which the aircraft is not in compliance. The entry must be signed by an A&P mechanic or 14 CFR part 145 repair station. The Administrator may also want to inspect the aircraft in question before approving or issuing a ferry flight permit. You may be required to make appropriate inspections or tests necessary for safety. (This means an A&P mechanic or 14 CFR part 145 repair station will need to inspect the aircraft prior to flight.) You may request that the local FSDO transmit the ferry permit via facsimile if the request is timesensitive. Figure 5-2 at the end of this chapter is a sample FAA Form 8130-7. The aircraft operator must display, in the aircraft, the current airworthiness certificate and the special flight (ferry) permit along with its operating limitations. For additional information, please refer to 14 CFR part 21, section 21.197, or your local FSDO. Plane Sense 5-3 Chapter 5: Special Flight Permits 5 Figure 5-1. FAA Form 8130-6, Application for U.S. Airworthiness Certificate. You can obtain instructions for completing FAA Form 8130-6 on the FAA website at www.faa.gov or from your local FSDO. 2-26-2003 SW 15 SAMPLE X X X X Joe Pilot X 5-4 5 Figure 5-1. Form 8130-6 (page 2 of 2). Jane A. Aviator JANE A. AVIATOR 1012 CIRRUS AVE., SHAWNEE, OKLAHOMA 74852 CESSNA C-182L 182-500000 N122A 2-26-2008 10 DAYS SHAWNEE, OKLAHOMA DIRECT DOWNTOWN AIRPARK, OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA 2-26-2008 JANE A. AVIATOR ANNUAL INSPECTION AIRCRAFT INSPECTION AND LOGBOOK ENTRY SAMPLE Plane Sense 5-5 Chapter 5: Special Flight Permits 5 SAMPLE Figure 5-2. FAA Form 8130-7, Special Airworthiness Certificate. The FAA issues FAA Form 8130-7, Special Airworthiness Certificate, as a special flight permit. SPECIAL FLIGHT PERMIT MAINTENANCE N/A N/A SHAWNEE, OKLAHOMA DOWNTOWN AIRPARK, OKLAHOMA CITY, OK 25565 CESSNA 03-01-96 03-01-96 182-582672 C-182L 04-01-99 OKC-MIDO-41 Darel A. Freeman N- 5-6 5 Plane Sense L ight-sport aircraft (LSA) is a growing sector of the general aviation community, specific to the United States. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) promulgated sport pilot (SP)/LSA regulations in 2004. This significant change in Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) allowed easier and lower-cost access to general aviation. defnition LSA as defined in 14 CFR part 1, section 1.1, “means an aircraft, other than a helicopter or powered-lift that, since its original certification, has continued to meet the following: (1) A maximum takeoff weight of not more than— (i) 1,320 pounds (600 kilograms) for aircraft not intended for operation on water; or (ii) 1,430 pounds (650 kilograms) for an aircraft intended for operation on water. (2) A maximum airspeed in level flight with maximum continuous power (VH ) of not more than 120 knots CAS under standard atmospheric conditions at sea level. (3) A maximum never-exceed speed (VNE ) of not more than 120 knots CAS for a glider. (4) A maximum stalling speed or minimum steady flight speed without the use of liftenhancing devices (VS1 ) of not more than 45 knots CAS at the aircraft’s maximum certificated takeoff weight and most critical center of gravity. (5) A maximum seating capacity of no more than two persons, including the pilot. (6) A single, reciprocating engine, if powered. (7) A fixed or ground-adjustable propeller if a powered aircraft other than a powered glider. (8) A fixed or autofeathering propeller system if a powered glider. (9) A fixed-pitch, semi-rigid, teetering, two-blade rotor system, if a gyroplane. (10) A nonpressurized cabin, if equipped with a cabin. (11) Fixed landing gear, except for an aircraft intended for operation on water or a glider. (12) Fixed or retractable landing gear, or a hull, for an aircraft intended for operation on water. (13) Fixed or retractable landing gear for a glider.” lsA Certifcation Several different kinds of aircraft may be certificated as LSA. Airplanes (both powered and gliders), rotorcraft (gyroplanes only, not true for helicopters), powered parachutes, weight-shift control aircraft, and lighter-than-air craft (free balloons and airships) may all be certificated as LSA if they fall within weight and other guidelines established by the FAA. light-sport Aircraft 6 6-1 6-2 Plane Sense 6 lsA registration If you purchased a newly manufactured LSA that is to be certificated as an experimental LSA under 14 CFR part 21, section 21.191(i)(2), or a special LSA under 14 CFR part 21, section 21.190, then you must provide the following documentation to the FAA Civil Aviation Registry Aircraft Registration Branch (AFS-750): •Aeronautical Center (AC) Form 8050-88 (as revised), Light-Sport Aircraft Manufacturer’s Affidavit, or its equivalent, completed by the LSA manufacturer, unless previously submitted to AFS-750 by the manufacturer, •Evidence of ownership from the aircraft manufacturer, •AC Form 8050-1, Aircraft Registration Application, and •Registration fee. The FAA Light Sport Aviation Branch (AFS-610) or your local Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) can assist you with questions about LSA registration. Available resources There are a number of resources available to assist LSA owners and operators. Light Sport Aviation Branch, AFS-610 AFS-610 manages and provides oversight of the SP examiner and the LSA repairman-training programs, and also provides subject matter experts for FAA and the aviation industry concerning the SP/LSA aircraft safety initiatives. AFS-610 performs the following functions: •Acceptance of LSA Repairman courses •Light Sport Standardization Board •Oversight of designated SP Examiners •SP Examiner Initial Training Seminar •SP Examiner Recurrent Training Program AFS-610 contact information is available in the FAA Contact Information appendix on pages A1–A2 of this handbook. Experimental Aircraft Association The Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA) was founded in 1953 by a group of individuals in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, who were interested in building their own airplanes. Through the decades, the organization expanded its mission to include antiques, classics, warbirds, aerobatic aircraft, ultralights, helicopters, light sport, and contemporary manufactured aircraft. EAA is an excellent resource for light sport aircraft owners and operators. You can contact the EAA at: EAA Aviation Center 3000 Poberezny Rd Oshkosh, WI 54902 (800) JOIN-EAA phone www.eaa.org regulatory Guidance Regulatory guidance for LSA owners and operators includes: •FAA Order 8130.2 (as revised), Airworthiness Certification of Aircraft and Related Products •FAA Order 8130.33 (as revised), Designated Airworthiness Representatives: Amateur-Built and Light-Sport Aircraft Certification Functions

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M aintenance means the preservation, inspection, overhaul, and repair of aircraft, including the replacement of parts. The purpose of maintenance is to ensure that the aircraft remains airworthy throughout its operational life. A properly maintained aircraft is a safe aircraft. Although maintenance requirements vary for different types of aircraft, experience shows that most aircraft need some type of preventive maintenance every 25 hours or less of flying time, and minor maintenance at least every 100 hours. This is influenced by the kind of operation, climactic conditions, storage facilities, age, and construction of the aircraft. Maintenance manuals are available from aircraft manufacturers or commercial vendors with revisions for maintaining your aircraft. While the requirements for maintaining your aircraft are contained in Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR), it is essential for every aircraft owner to remember that specific maintenance requirements are available from the aircraft manufacturer. maintenance responsibilities 14 CFR part 91, section 91.403, places primary responsibility on the owner or operator for maintaining an aircraft in an airworthy condition. Certain inspections must be performed on your aircraft, and you must maintain the airworthiness of the aircraft between the required inspections by having any defects corrected. 14 CFR part 91, section 91.327 pertains to lightsport aircraft. Light-sport aircraft certificated in the light sport category under 14 CFR part 21, section 21.190 must be maintained by an FAA-certificated airframe and powerplant (A&P) mechanic or a light-sport repairman with a maintenance rating. 14 CFr Part 91, subpart e 14 CFR part 91, subpart E, requires the inspection of all civil aircraft at specific intervals to determine the overall condition. The interval generally depends on the type of operations in which the aircraft is engaged. Some aircraft need to be inspected at least once every 12 calendar months, while inspection is required for others after each 100 hours of operation. In other instances, an aircraft may be inspected in accordance with an inspection system set up to provide for total inspection of the aircraft on the basis of calendar time, time in service, number of system operations, or any combination of these factors. 7-1 7 Aircraft maintenance Plane Sense 7 7-2 To determine the specific inspection requirements and rules for the performance of inspections, you should refer to 14 CFR part 91, subpart E, which prescribes the requirements for various types of operations. manufacturer maintenance manuals All inspections must follow the manufacturer main- tenance manual, including the instructions for continued airworthiness concerning inspection intervals, parts replacement, and life-limited items as applicable to your aircraft. The maintenance manuals provided by the manufacturer of your aircraft are your best available resource on issues of aircraft maintenance. Preventive maintenance 14 CFR lists 32 relatively uncomplicated repairs and procedures defined as preventive maintenance. Certificated pilots, excluding student and recreational pilots, may perform preventive maintenance on any aircraft owned or operated by them that are not used in air carrier service. These preventive maintenance operations are listed in 14 CFR Part 43, Appendix A, Preventive Maintenance. 14 CFR part 43 also contains other rules to be followed in the maintenance of aircraft. inspections In order to provide a reasonable assurance that aircraft are functioning properly, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requires a series of aircraft inspections somewhat similar to the many currency requirements for airmen. This section outlines the basic inspection requirements for aircraft. Annual Inspection Most general aviation aircraft require an annual inspection pursuant to 14 CFR part 91, section 91.409. Excluded aircraft: •Use an approved progressive inspection plan; •Carry a special flight permit; or •Carry a provisional airworthiness certificate. The annual inspection must be completed and approved by a mechanic with an inspection authorization (IA) once every 12 calendar months. For example, if the aircraft’s annual is endorsed on June 16, 2008, the next annual inspection is due before July 1, 2009; otherwise the aircraft may not be flown without authorization (e.g., a special flight or “ferry”permit). A ferry permit is required to fly an aircraft that is out of annual, such as in the case of flying to another airport for the inspection. Chapter 5 discusses the issuance of special flight permits. You can contact your local Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) for instructions on applying for a special flight or ferry permit. 100-Hour Inspection The 100-hour (14 CFR part 91, section 91.409) inspection is required for aircraft that either: •Carry any person (other than a crewmember) for hire, or •Are provided by any person giving flight instruction. The 100-hour limit may be exceeded by 10 hours for the purposes of flying to a place where the inspection can be completed. The excess time must be included in computing the next 100 hours of time in service. Some examples of “for hire” operations under 14 CFR part 91 that subject the aircraft to the 100-hour inspection requirement include: •An aerial photography flight, or •A flight instructor providing an aircraft, or any operation that supplies both flight instruction and an aircraft. (An aircraft provided by the (student) pilot receiving instruction is not subject to the 100-hour inspection.) Condition Inspection A condition inspection is required once every 12 calendar months for light-sport aircraft certificated in the light-sport category. In accordance with 14 CFR part 91, section 91.327, the condition inspection must be performed by “a certificated repairman (light-sport aircraft) with a maintenance rating, an appropriately rated mechanic, or an appropriately rated repair station in accordance with inspection procedures developed by the aircraft manufacturer or a person acceptable to the FAA.” other inspection Programs The annual and 100-hour inspection requirements do not apply to large (over 12,500 pounds) airplanes, turbojets, or turbopropeller-powered multiengine airplanes, or to airplanes for which the owner or operator complies with the progressive inspection requirements. Details of these requirements may be determined by reference to 14 CFR part 43, section 43.11; 14 CFR part 91, subpart E; and by inquiry at the local FSDO.

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Chapter 7: Aircraft Maintenance 7 7-3 Progressive Inspection To minimize maintenance downtime, the owner may opt for a progressive inspection plan. Progressive inspections benefit owners whose aircraft experience high usage such as fixed base operators (FBOs), flight schools, and corporate flight departments. Unlike an annual inspection, a progressive inspection allows for more frequent but shorter inspection phases, only if all items required for the annual and 100-hour inspections are inspected within the required time. The authority to use a progressive inspection plan is non-transferable. Once the aircraft is sold, an annual becomes due within 12 calendar months of the last complete cycle. The 100-hour inspection is due at the completion of the next 100 hours of operation. Most airframe manufacturers provide a boilerplate progressive maintenance plan. 14 CFR Part 43, Appendix D, Scope and Detail of Items (as Applicable to the Particular Aircraft) To Be Included in Annual and 100-Hour Inspections, contains a list of general items to be checked during inspections. Altimeter System Inspection The aircraft’s static system, altimeter, and automatic altitude-reporting (Mode C) system must have been inspected and tested in the preceding 24 calendar months before flying instrument flight rules (IFR) in controlled airspace. 14 CFR Part 43, Appendix E, Altimeter System Test and Inspection, lists the items that must be checked. Transponder Inspection The transponder must be inspected every 24 calendar months. 14 CFR Part 43, Appendix F, ATC Transponder Tests and Inspections, lists the items that must be checked. Additionally, the installation of or modification to a transponder must be inspected for data errors as well. Preflight Inspection A pilot is required to conduct a thorough preflight inspection before every flight to ensure that the aircraft is safe for flight. Pilots should review the maintenance status of the aircraft as a part of the preflight inspection. repairs and Alterations All repairs and alterations of standard airworthiness certificated aircraft are classified as either major or minor. 14 CFR part 43, appendix A, describes the alterations and repairs considered major. Major repairs or alterations are approved for return to service on FAA Form 337, Major Repair and Alteration, by an appropriately rated certificated repair station, an FAA-certificated A&P mechanic holding an IA, or a representative of the Administrator. Minor repairs and minor alterations may be approved for return to service with a proper entry in the maintenance records by a certificated A&P mechanic or an appropriately certificated repair station. Alterations to light-sport aircraft certificated in the light-sport aircraft category under 14 CFR part 21, section 21.190, must be authorized by the manufacturer or a person acceptable to the FAA in accordance with 14 CFR part 91, section 91.327. minimum equipment list/Confguration deviation list If your aircraft has an approved Minimum Equipment List (MEL), the MEL should be used to determine if a flight may be initiated with inoperative aircraft equipment without the issuance of a special flight permit. Your Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) may also include a Configuration Deviation List (CDL) prepared by the manufacturer. If your aircraft does not have an approved MEL, and you have inoperative equipment or instruments, then you must refer to 14 CFR part 91, section 91.213, to determine if a special flight permit is needed to operate the aircraft. FAA resources You can find all of the maintenance requirements applicable to your aircraft in 14 CFR by accessing the relevant regulations on the FAA website at www.faa.gov. The best resource for answering questions about the maintenance necessary on your aircraft is your local FSDO. experimental Aircraft If you make any major alterations to your experimental aircraft, you must notify your local FSDO of those alterations. Plane Sense

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7 7-4 A n aircraft owner is required to keep aircraft maintenance records for the airframe, engine, propeller, and appliances. These records must contain a description of the work performed on the aircraft, the date the work was completed, the certificated mechanic’s signature, the type of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certificate, and the certificate number and signature of the person approving the aircraft for return to service. responsibilities of the Aircraft owner All recordkeeping is primarily the responsibility of the aircraft owner. The airframe and powerplant (A&P) mechanic is responsible for the work he or she performs. The owner of an aircraft must also ensure that maintenance personnel make appropriate entries in the aircraft maintenance records indicating the aircraft has been approved for return to service. The owner’s aircraft records shall also contain the inspections required pursuant to Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 91, section 91.409. Proper management of aircraft operations begins with a good system of maintenance records. A properly completed maintenance record provides the information needed by the owner and maintenance personnel to determine when scheduled inspections and maintenance are to be performed. Aircraft maintenance records must include: •The total time in service of the airframe, each engine, and each propeller; •The current status of life-limited parts of each airframe, engine, propeller, rotor, and appliance; •The time since the last overhaul of all items installed on the aircraft, which are required to be overhauled on a specified time basis; •The identification of the current inspection status of the aircraft, including the time since the last inspection required by the inspection program under which the aircraft and its appliances are maintained; •The current status of applicable Airworthiness Directives (ADs) including, for each, the method of compliance, the AD number, and the revision date. If the AD involves recurring action, the time and date the next action is required; and •A copy of the major alterations to each airframe, engine, propeller, and appliance. These records are retained by the owner and are transferred with the aircraft when it is sold. Figure 8-1 at the end of this chapter is a maintenance records checklist you can use to document compliance with the applicable maintenance requirements. 8 8-1 maintenance records Plane 8 8-2 Sense These records may be discarded when the work is repeated or superseded by other work, or 1 year after the work is performed. m CAUTION: Keep in mind that as a result of repairs or alterations, such as replacing radios and installing speed kits, it may be necessary to amend the weight and balance report, equipment list, flight manual, etc. logbooks Most maintenance performed on an aircraft is recorded in the aircraft logbooks. As an aircraft owner, it is important to ensure that your aircraft’s logbooks are complete and up to date at all times. The aircraft logbooks outline the maintenance history of your air- craft, and any prospective buyer will want to review the aircraft and all maintenance performed. In addi- tion, any A&P or certificated repair station performing maintenance on your aircraft will want to review the prior maintenance performed on the aircraft. Airworthiness directives An aircraft owner is required to comply with all applicable ADs issued by the FAA for his or her aircraft. The FAA issues ADs to notify aircraft owners and other interested persons of unsafe conditions and to specify the corrective action required, including conditions under which the aircraft may continue to be operated. The aircraft’s maintenance records should indicate the current status of all applicable ADs, including for each: •AD number, •Method of compliance, •Revision date, and •Recurring action (if applicable) including the time and date of the next action required. safety directives The owner or operator of an aircraft having a special airworthiness certificate must comply with each safety directive applicable to the aircraft that corrects an existing unsafe condition or corrects the condition in a manner different from safety directive specifications if the person issuing the directive agrees with the action. Otherwise, the owner or operator may, in accordance with 14 CFR part 91, section 91.327, “obtain an FAA waiver from the provisions of the safety directive based on a conclusion that the safety directive was issued without adhering to the applicable consensus standard.” Light-sport category aircraft certificated pursuant to 14 CFR part 21, section 21.190 have mandatory compliance with all manufacturer safety directives. service Bulletins A service bulletin contains a recommendation from the manufacturer, with which that manufacturer believes the aircraft owner should comply, that often reflects a safety-of-flight issue that the manufacturer believes should be addressed within a certain timeframe. It may result from an improvement developed by the manufacturer, or it may address a defect in a product or published documentation. The manufacturer responds to one of these situations by issuing a service bulletin that recommends a certain type of inspection, replacing certain components, performing maintenance in a specific manner, or limiting operations under specified conditions. Sometimes, compliance with a service bulletin may be triggered by the occurrence of a particular event (e.g., the lapse of time or operation under certain types of conditions). FAA Form 337, major repair and Alteration A mechanic who performs a major repair or major alteration shall record the work on FAA Form 337 and have the work inspected and approved by a mechanic who holds an inspection authorization (IA). (Light-sport aircraft do not require Form 337 when altering a non-approved product.) A signed copy shall be given to the owner and another copy sent to the FAA Aircraft Registration Branch (AFS-750) in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma within 48 hours of aircraft approval for return to service. However, when a major repair is done by a certificated repair station, the customer’s work order may be used and a release given as outlined in 14 CFR Part 43, Appendix B, Recording of Major Repairs and Major Alterations. You can obtain additional information and instructions for completing FAA Form 337 in Advisory Circular (AC) 43-9 (as revised), Aircraft Maintenance Records. Figure 8-2 at the end of this chapter is a sample FAA Form 337. entries into Aircraft maintenance records Each time maintenance, including preventive main- tenance, is performed on your aircraft, an appropriate entry must be added to the maintenance records.

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Chapter 8: Aircraft Maintenance Records Chapter 8: Aircraft Maintenance Records 8 8-3 14 CFR Part 43, Section 43.9, Content, form, and disposition of maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, and alteration records (except inspections performed in accordance with part 91, part 125, §135.411(a)(1), and §135.419 of this chapter Any person who maintains, rebuilds or alters an aircraft, airframe, aircraft engine, propeller, or appliance shall make an entry containing: •A description of the work or some reference to data acceptable to the FAA, •The date the work was completed, •The name of the person who performed the work, and •If the work was approved for return to service, the signature, certificate number, and kind of certificate held by the person approving the aircraft for return to service. 14 CFR Part 43, Section 43.11, Content, form, and disposition of records for inspections conducted under parts 91 and 125 and §§135.411(a)(1) and 135.419 of this chapter When a mechanic approves or disapproves an aircraft for return to service after an annual, 100-hour, or progressive inspection, an entry shall be made including: •Aircraft time in service, •The type of inspection, •The date of inspection, •The signature, certificate number, and kind of certificate held by the person approving or disapproving the aircraft for return to service, and •A signed and dated listing of discrepancies and unairworthy items. 14 CFR Part 91, Section 91.409, Inspections Inspection entries for 14 CFR part 91, section 91.409(e) airplanes over 12,500 pounds, turbo jet, or turbopropeller-powered multiengine airplanes are made according to 14 CFR part 43, section 43.9, and shall include: •The kind of inspection performed, •A statement by the mechanic that the inspection was performed in accordance with the instructions and procedures for the kind of inspection program selected by the owner, and •A statement that a signed and dated list of any defects found during the inspection was given to the owner, if the aircraft is not approved for return to service. 14 CFR Part 91, Section 91.411, Altimeter system and altitude reporting equipment tests and inspections 14 CFR part 91, section 91.411, requires that every airplane or helicopter operated in controlled airspace under instrument flight rules (IFR) conditions have each static pressure system, each altimeter, and each automatic pressure altitude reporting system tested and inspected every 24 calendar months. The aircraft maintenance records must include: •A description of the work, •The maximum altitude to which the altimeter was tested, and •The date and signature of the person approving the aircraft for return to service. 14 CFR Part 91, Section 91.413, ATC transponder tests and inspections 14 CFR part 91, section 91.413, requires that anyone operating an Air Traffic Control (ATC) transponder specified in 14 CFR part 91, section 91.215(a), have it tested and inspected every 24 calendar months. The aircraft maintenance records must include: •A description of the work, and •The date and signature of the person approving the airplane for return to service. 14 CFR Part 91, Section 91.207, Emergency locator transmitters 14 CFR part 91, section 91.207, requires that no person may operate a U.S. registered civil airplane unless there is attached to the airplane a personal type or an automatic type emergency locator transmitter (ELT) that is in operable condition and meets applicable requirements of Technical Standard Order (TSO)-C91. m CAUTION: New ELT installations after June 21, 1995, must meet TSO-C91A (the first revised, or amended, version). Batteries used in ELT shall be replaced when: •The transmitter has been in use for more than 1 cumulative hour, or •50 percent of the ELT’s useful life has expired. Plane Sense

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8 8-4 The expiration date for replacing the battery shall be legibly marked on the outside of the transmitter and entered in the aircraft maintenance records. Amateur-Built Aircraft The condition inspection for amateur-built aircraft replaces the annual inspection. Available resources Your local FSDO can help you establish your aircraft maintenance program and the necessary maintenance records. Additional information relating to aircraft maintenance records can be obtained from: •14 CFR Part 39, Airworthiness Directives •14 CFR Part 43, Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, and Alteration •14 CFR Part 91, General Operating and Flight Rules •AC 43-9 (as revised), Maintenance Records These publications are available on the FAA website at www.faa.gov and from U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO) bookstores located throughout the United States. For more information about obtaining these publications, refer to the information contained in chapter 11. Chapter 8: Aircraft Maintenance Records Chapter 8: Aircraft Maintenance Records 8 8-5 maintenance records Checklist stAtUs item notes • 100-Hour inspection Keep records until the work is repeated or superseded by other work, or 1 year after the work is performed. • Annual inspection Keep records until the work is repeated or superseded by other work, or 1 year after the work is performed. • Progressive inspections Keep records until the work is repeated or superseded by other work, or 1 year after the work is performed. • Other required or approved inspections (e.g., condition inspections/mandatory tracking of safety directives for lightsport aircraft) Keep records until the work is repeated or superseded by other work, or 1 year after the work is performed. • Total Time in Service (airframe, engine(s), propeller(s)) Records are retained by the owner and transferred with the aircraft when it is sold. • Current status of life-limited parts (airframe, engine(s), propeller(s), rotor, and appliances) Records are retained by the owner and transferred with the aircraft when it is sold. • Time since last overhaul of all items installed on the aircraft (required to be overhauled on a specified time basis) Records are retained by the owner and transferred with the aircraft when it is sold. • Identification of current inspection status of the aircraft (including time since last inspection required by the inspection program under which aircraft and appliances are maintained) Records are retained by the owner and transferred with the aircraft when it is sold. • Current status of applicable ADs (including method of compliance, the AD number, and the revision date) Records are retained by the owner and transferred with the aircraft when it is sold. • Copy of current major alterations (airframe, engine, propeller, and appliances) Records are retained by the owner and transferred with the aircraft when it is sold. Figure 8-1. Maintenance Records Checklist. This checklist includes the types of information that should be kept with your aircraft’s maintenance records. Plane Sense