Plane SenSe General aviation Information

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U.S. Department

of Transportation

Federal Aviation

Administration

Plane SenSe

General aviation Information

FAA-H-8083-19A

i

Plane SenSe

General aviation Information

2008

U.S. Department of Transportation

FederAl AviAtion AdministrAtion

Flight Standards Service

Plane Sense

ii

Plane Sense introduces aircraft owners and operators, or prospective aircraft owners and operators, to

basic information about the requirements involved in acquiring, owning, operating, and maintaining

a private aircraft.

This handbook can be a valuable reference tool for anyone who would like to review the “nuts and bolts”

of aircraft ownership. Aircraft owners and operators, or anyone considering aircraft ownership, should

be familiar with Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR), which details regulations for aircraft

owners, operators, pilots, aircraft mechanics, and maintenance providers. Since the requirements can

be updated and the regulations can change, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) recommends that

you contact your nearest FAA Flight Standards District Office (FSDO), where the personnel can assist

you with the various requirements for aircraft ownership, operation, and maintenance.

The FAA has also added information for aviation enthusiasts who own (or are interested in owning) light-

sport aircraft, a new and evolving sector of the general aviation marketplace.

This handbook highlights regulations and regulatory guidance material, as well as providing advice

regarding where to locate answers to your questions. While Plane Sense cannot cover every issue faced

by aircraft owners and operators, this handbook is intended to be a useful guide and will help you locate

the resources to assist you.

This publication supersedes FAA-8083-19, which was reprinted with editorial updates in 2003.

This handbook is available free of charge for download, in PDF format, from the FAA Regulatory Support

Division (AFS-600) on the FAA website at www.faa.gov.

Plane Sense may be also be purchased from:

Superintendent of Documents

United States Government Printing Office

Washington, DC 20402-9325

http://bookstore.gpo.gov

This handbook is published by and comments should be sent to:

Federal Aviation Administration

Airman Testing Standards Branch (AFS-630)

P.O. Box 25082

Oklahoma City, OK 73125

afs630comments@faa.gov

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Preface

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iv

Plane Sense was produced by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) with the assistance of The Wicks

Group, PLLC. The FAA wishes to acknowledge the providers of the following images used in this handbook:

Skycatcher used on the cover and in chapter 6, courtesy of Cessna Aircraft Corporation

Cirrus SR20-1 used on the cover and in chapter 1, courtesy of Cirrus Design

Eclipse 500 used on the cover, courtesy of Eclipse Aviation Corporation

The FAA would also like to extend its appreciation to several aviation industry organizations that provided

assistance and input in the preparation of this handbook, including:

General Aviation Manufacturers Association (GAMA)

Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association (AOPA)

Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA)

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Acknowledgments

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Plane Sense is a handbook for aviation enthusiasts, especially aircraft owners and operators or those who are

interested in becoming aircraft owners, who are looking for a quick reference guide on a number of general

aviation topics. This handbook is published by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).

The FAA is the executive agency responsible for aviation oversight in the United States. The FAA’s mission is

to provide the safest, most efficient aerospace system in the world.

The FAA is responsible for the safety of civil aviation. The Federal Aviation Act of 1958 created the agency

under the name Federal Aviation Agency. The FAA adopted its present name in 1967 when it became a part of

the Department of Transportation (DOT). The FAA’s major roles include:

•Regulating civil aviation to promote safety

•Encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new aviation technology

•Developing and operating a system of air traffic control and navigation for both civil and military aircraft

•Researching and developing the National Airspace System (NAS) and civil aeronautics

•Developing and carrying out programs to control aircraft noise and other environmental effects of civil

aviation

•Regulating U.S. commercial space transportation

FAA Headquarters is located in Washington, D.C. However, the FAA is organized into eight geographical

regions and the Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. FAA regions are

organized as follows:

•Alaskan (Alaska)

•Central (Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Nebraska, Tennessee)

•Eastern (Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire,

New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia)

•Great Lakes (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin)

•Northwest Mountain (Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming)

•Southern Region (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Puerto Rico, South Carolina, Virgin Islands)

•Southwest Region (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas)

•Western-Pacific Region (Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada)

Within each region, you will find several Flight Standards District Offices (FSDOs). Your local FSDO is your

best resource for questions about aircraft ownership, operation, maintenance, regulatory compliance, and other

issues. FAA inspectors are generally assigned to a FSDO. Aviation safety inspectors (ASIs) can assist you with

issues related to the operation of your aircraft, airman certification, maintenance, and other general questions.

You can find your local FSDO on the FAA website at www.faa.gov by selecting “About FAA” from the top menu

bar and following the links to locate your local FSDO’s contact information.

Aircraft certification-related activities are handled by the FAA Aircraft Certification Office (ACO) that serves

your geographic area.

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vii

introduction

Plane Sense

viii

You can contact your ACO for guidance on:

•Design approval and certificate management

•U.S. production approvals

•Engineering and analysis questions

•Investigating and reporting aircraft accidents, incidents, and service difficulties

•Designated Engineering Representative (DER) oversight

You can find the nearest ACO on the FAA website at www.faa.gov by selecting “About FAA” from the top menu

bar and following the links to locate the nearest ACO’s contact information.

This handbook has been revised to include additional topics and updated website addresses to enable you to find

relevant information more easily. You will also notice that some information is repeated in multiple chapters of

Plane Sense, and this is designed to allow each chapter to stand alone as a reference tool to aid you in locating

the information easily.

Please contact your local FSDO if you have any questions about the material in Plane Sense or how the

information might specifically apply to your aircraft. This handbook is intended to provide general guidance for

aircraft owners and operators; however, you should always ensure that the guidance provided applies to your

specific aircraft and/or your specific situation.

The FAA website is continually updated. If your question is not answered in this handbook, you can access a

great deal of helpful information on the FAA’s website at www.faa.gov. This new edition of Plane Sense is colorcoded to assist you in quickly finding useful information.

The chapters containing information that may be useful to all general aviation readers are coded in blue:

Chapter 1: Aircraft Owner Responsibilities

Chapter 11: Obtaining FAA Publications and Records

Appendix A: FAA Contact Information

Appendix B: Regulatory Guidance Index

The chapters containing information about aircraft acquisition, registration, and ownership are coded in green:

Chapter 2: Buying an Aircraft

Chapter 3: Airworthiness Certificate

Chapter 4: Aircraft Registration

Chapter 5: Special Flight Permits

Chapter 6: Light Sport Aircraft

The chapters containing information on aircraft maintenance are coded in red:

Chapter 7: Aircraft Maintenance

Chapter 8: Maintenance Records

Chapter 9: Airworthiness Directives

Chapter 10: Service Difficulty Program

You will also note the addition of several new checklists to assist you in applying the information found in

Plane Sense. These checklists and any relevant FAA or other forms discussed in the chapter are located

at the end of that particular chapter for ease of reference. For your convenience, FAA Contact Information

is at the end of this handbook.

Also, the Regulatory Guidance Index at the end of this handbook locates within each chapter the relevant

regulatory guidance material, including pertinent sections of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR),

FAA Orders, and Avisory Circulars (ACs).

The FAA wishes you safe landings as you embark on your own aviation journey.

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ix

Introduction

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table of Contents

Preface ...................................................................iii

Acknowledgments .............................................v

introduction ....................................................... vii

Chapter 1:

Aircraft owner responsibilities ............ 1-1

Documentation .......................................................1-1

Aircraft Registration ...............................................1-1

14 CFR .....................................................................1-2

Logbooks .................................................................1-2

Aircraft Insurance ...................................................1-2

Reporting Aircraft Accidents/Incidents ................ 1-2

Accident ..........................................................1-2

Incident ...........................................................1-2

Contacting the NTSB .....................................1-2

Filing NTSB Form 6120.1 ..............................1-3

Aviation Safety Reporting System ..........................1-3

Purpose ...........................................................1-3

Confidentiality................................................1-3

Filing an Incident Report ..............................1-3

Safety ......................................................................1-4

Safety Hotline.................................................1-4

Safety Information ........................................1-4

Reporting Stolen Aircraft/Equipment ...................1-4

Law Enforcement ...........................................1-4

Insurance Company ......................................1-4

Aviation Crime Prevention Institute ............. 1-4

Aircraft Registration Branch ........................1-4

Chapter 2:

Buying an Aircraft ........................................2-1

Selecting the Aircraft ..............................................2-1

Where To Look ...............................................2-1

Factors Affecting Resale Value ......................2-2

Overhauls .......................................................2-2

Aircraft Records .....................................................2-2

Aircraft Title ...........................................................2-2

Filing Ownership and Lien Documents ........ 2-3

When a Lien Is Recorded ...............................2-3

Releasing a Recorded Lien ............................2-3

Aircraft Documents ................................................2-3

Bill of Sale or Conditional

Sales Contract ................................................2-3

Airworthiness Certificate ...............................2-3

Maintenance Records ....................................2-3

Manuals ..................................................................2-4

Airworthiness .........................................................2-4

Maintenance ...........................................................2-4

Pre-Purchase Inspection ........................................2-4

Light-Sport Aircraft ................................................2-4

Amateur-Built Aircraft ...........................................2-4

Military Surplus Aircraft ........................................2-5

Chapter 3:

Airworthiness Certifcate .........................3-1

Classifications of Airworthiness Certificates .......... 3-1

Standard Airworthiness Certificate ..............3-1

Special Airworthiness Certificate ..................3-2

Issuance of an Airworthiness Certificate ............... 3-3

Applying for an Airworthiness Certificate ............. 3-3

FAA Form 8100-2,

Standard Airworthiness Certificate .............. 3-3

FAA Form 8130-7,

Special Airworthiness Certificate ..................3-3

Regulations and Policies ........................................3-3

Title 14 of the Code of

Federal Regulations .......................................3-3

FAA Orders (as revised) ................................3-3

FAA Advisory Circulars (ACs) (as revised) ... 3-3

Chapter 4:

Aircraft registration ...................................4-1

Aircraft Registration Branch ..................................4-1

Eligible Registrants ................................................4-2

Registering Your Aircraft .......................................4-2

Registration Number ..............................................4-2

How To Form an N-Number .........................4-2

Other Requirements ......................................4-2

Special Registration Number .................................4-2

Requesting a Special

Registration Number .....................................4-3

Placing the Special Registration

Number on Your Aircraft ..............................4-3

Aircraft Previously Registered

in the United States ................................................4-3

Chain of Ownership .......................................4-3

Replacement Certificate of

Aircraft Registration .....................................4-3

Aircraft Previously Registered

in a Foreign Country ...............................................4-3

AC Form 8050-1,

Aircraft Registration Application ...........................4-4

AC Form 8050-3,

Certificate of Aircraft Registration .........................4-4

Amateur-Built Aircraft

Registration and Inspection ...................................4-4

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xii Light-Sport Aircraft Registration ...........................4-5 State Registration Requirements ...........................4-5 Additional Information ..........................................4-5 Chapter 5: special Flight Permits .................................5-1 Circumstances Warranting a Special Flight Permit ........................................... 5-1 Foreign-Registered Civil Aircraft ...........................5-2 Obtaining a Special Flight Authorization...............5-2 Application for Airworthiness Certificate...............5-2 Chapter 6: light-sport Aircraft ......................................6-1 Definition ................................................................6-1 LSA Certification .................................................... 6-1 LSA Registration .....................................................6-1 Available Resources ................................................6-2 Light Sport Aviation Branch, AFS-610 .........6-2 Experimental Aircraft Association ...............6-2 Regulatory Guidance .............................................. 6-2 Chapter 7: Aircraft maintenance..................................7-1 Maintenance Responsibilities ................................7-1 14 CFR Part 91, Subpart E ......................................7-1 Manufacturer Maintenance Manuals.....................7-2 Preventive Maintenance .........................................7-2 Inspections ..............................................................7-2 Annual Inspection ..........................................7-2 100-Hour Inspection ......................................7-2 Condition Inspection ......................................7-2 Other Inspection Programs ................................... 7-2 Progressive Inspections .................................7-3 Altimeter System Inspection .........................7-3 Transponder Inspection .................................7-3 Preflight Inspection ........................................7-3 Repairs and Alterations .......................................... 7-3 Minimum Equipment List/ Configuration Deviation List ..................................7-3 FAA Resources ........................................................7-3 Experimental Aircraft .............................................7-3 Chapter 8: maintenance records .................................8-1 Responsibilities of the Aircraft Owner .................. 8-1 Logbooks .................................................................8-2 Airworthiness Directives ........................................8-2 Safety Directives .....................................................8-2 Service Bulletins .....................................................8-2 FAA Form 337, Major Repair and Alteration ..................................8-2 Entries into Aircraft Maintenance Records ........... 8-2 14 CFR Part 43, Section 43.9, Content, form, and disposition of maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, and alteration records (except inspections performed in accordance with part 91, part 125, §135.411(a)(1), and §135.419 of this chapter .................................8-3 14 CFR Part 43, Section 43.11, Content, form, and disposition of records for inspections conducted under parts 91 and 125 and §§135.411(a)(1) and 135.419 of this chapter................................................ 8-3 14 CFR Part 91, Section 91.409, Inspections .....................................................8-3 14 CFR Part 91, Section 91.411, Altimeter system and altitude reporting equipment tests and inspections .. 8-3 14 CFR Part 91, Section 91.413, ATC transponder tests and inspections ........ 8-3 14 CFR Part 91, Section 91.207, Emergency locator transmitters ...................8-3 Amateur-Built Aircraft ...........................................8-4 Available Resources ................................................8-4 Chapter 9: Airworthiness directives ..........................9-1 Types of ADs Issued ...............................................9-1 Standard AD Process ..............................................9-1 Emergency AD ........................................................9-1 Superseded AD .......................................................9-2 Compliance with ADs .............................................9-2 Amateur-Built Aircraft ...........................................9-2 Summary of ADs .....................................................9-2 Obtaining ADs ........................................................9-2 Chapter 10: service diffculty Program .................... 10-1 Background .......................................................... 10-1 FAA Form 8010-4, Malfunction or Defect Report ............................. 10-1 Maintenance Alerts ............................................. 10-2 Background ................................................. 10-2 Accessing Maintenance Alerts .................... 10-2 Contact Information ................................... 10-2 xiii Chapter 11: obtaining FAA Publications and records .................................................. 11-1 Advisory Circulars ............................................... 11-1 Airworthiness Directives .................................... 11-1 Temporary Flight Restrictions ............................ 11-2 Notice to Airmen ................................................. 11-2 14 CFR .................................................................. 11-2 Handbooks and Manuals .................................... 11-2 Aircraft Records .................................................. 11-2 Request Aircraft Records ............................ 11-2 Format ......................................................... 11-2 Airman Records ................................................... 11-3 Appendix A: FAA Contact information .......................... A-1 Appendix B: regulatory Guidance index ....................... B-1 Table of Contents Plane Sense xiv 1 Aircraft owner responsibilities A ircraft ownership is a serious undertaking, and you should be familiar with the obligations and responsibilities of aircraft ownership before you make the decision to purchase an aircraft. Aircraft owners have a variety of responsibilities that have their foundation in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). documentation Do you know your ARROW? Before you fly, you need to ensure that you have all of the required documentation on your aircraft. You are responsible for carrying the following documentation on your aircraft at all times: A—Airworthiness Certificate R—Registration Certificate R— Radio Station License (Federal Communications Communication (FCC) Radio Station License, if required by the type of operation) O— Operating Limitations (which may be in the form of a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)-approved Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) and/or Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH)) W—Weight and Balance Documents Some of these documents are addressed in this chapter, and others are covered in later chapters. Figure 1-1 at the end if this chapter is an ARROW checklist you can use to ensure you have all of the required documents. You can expect an FAA aviation safety inspector (ASI) to ask for these documents any time he or she is inspecting your aircraft and/or assisting you with a question regarding your aircraft. m CAUTION: A radio station license is required for any international operations. You must complete an FCC Form 605, Quick-Form Application for Authorization in the Ship, Aircraft, Amateur, Restricted and Commercial Operator, and General Mobile Radio Services, available at www.fcc.gov to obtain an FCC radio station license. Aircraft registration The FAA Civil Aviation Registry Aircraft Registration Branch (AFS-750) maintains registration records on individual aircraft and serves as a repository for airworthiness documents received from FAA field offices. As an aircraft owner, you are responsible for immediately notifying AFS-750 of any change of permanent mailing address, the sale or export of your aircraft, or the loss of your ability to register an aircraft in accordance with Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 47, section 47.41. 1-1 1-2 Plane Sense Figure 1-2 at the end of this chapter is a sample FAA Change of Address Notification you can use to inform AFS-750. Aircraft registration is addressed in more detail in chapter 4. 14 CFr 14 CFR includes rules prescribed by the FAA gover- ning all aviation activities in the United States. A wide variety of activities are regulated, such as airplane design, typical airline flights, pilot training activities, hot-air ballooning, and even model rocket launches. The rules are designed to promote safe aviation while protecting pilots, passengers, and the general public from unnecessary risk. As an aircraft owner, you are responsible for compli- ance and familiarity with the applicable 14 CFR part(s) concerning the operation and maintenance of your aircraft. While the regulations cited below are not exhaustive, they are a starting point as you consider aircraft ownership. It is essential that you remember that you are responsible for complying with all 14 CFR parts applicable to your aircraft and aircraft operations. •As an aircraft owner, you should be familiar with the provisions of 14 CFR Part 43, Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, Rebuilding, and Altera- tion, and 14 CFR Part 91, General Operating and Flight Rules. •If you are also a pilot, you should be familiar with the provisions of 14 CFR Part 61, Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground Instructors, and 14 CFR Part 67, Medical Standards and Certification. Questions regarding 14 CFR can be addressed to your local Flight Standards District Office (FSDO). Information about obtaining copies of 14 CFR parts and FAA publications can be found in chapter 11. logbooks Each aircraft has a unique set of logbooks that document historical data dating back to the manufacturing date of the aircraft. As an aircraft owner, you have a regulatory obligation to ensure that your logbooks are complete and kept up to date. Aircraft logbooks enable the aircraft owner to keep records of the entire aircraft in chronological order including: inspections, tests, repairs, alterations, Airworthiness Directive (AD) compliance, service bulletins, and equipment additions, removals, or exchanges. Most logbooks also include sections for major alterations and altimeter/static system checks. Anyone performing maintenance on your aircraft will need complete aircraft logbooks to review the aircraft’s compliance history before performing maintenance on your aircraft. Information about aircraft maintenance and aircraft maintenance records can be found in chapters 7 and 8, respectively. Aircraft insurance Aircraft insurance is an important consideration for any aircraft owner. The type(s) and amount of insurance you should carry on your aircraft are influenced by several factors, and you should discuss these decisions with an insurance agent familiar with providing aviation insurance policies. Depending on the usage of your aircraft and who might be flying the aircraft, you may need Owners, Renters and/or Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) insurance policies for your aircraft. Responsible aircraft owners always carry sufficient insurance on their aircraft. m CAUTION: You should ensure that you are in compliance with any state insurance requirements relating to aircraft ownership. reporting Aircraft Accidents/incidents Aircraft owners are responsible for complying with Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR) part 830 regarding the reporting of aircraft accidents and incidents. You are required to notify the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) immediately of aviation accidents and certain incidents. Accident An accident is defined in 49 CFR part 830 as “an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft that takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight and all such persons have disembarked, and in which any person suffers death or serious injury, or in which the aircraft receives substantial damage.” Incident An incident is defined in 49 CFR part 830 as “an occurrence other than an accident that affects or could affect the safety of operations.” Contacting the NTSB Contact the nearest NTSB regional office to file a report. Reports of accidents or incidents should be 1 1-3 Chapter 1: Aircraft Owner Responsibilities made to the NTSB regional office associated with the state in which the accident or incident occurred. NTSB regions are organized as follows: •Eastern (Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virgin Islands, Virginia, West Virginia); •Central (Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wisconsin); •Western (American Samoa, Arizona, California, Guam, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming); and •Alaska (Alaska). Contact information for the NTSB regional offices is located at the end of this chapter in Figure 1-3 and on the NTSB website at www.ntsb.gov. Your local FSDO can also direct you to the correct NTSB regional office in the event of an aircraft accident or incident. For the purpose of notifying the NTSB, a phone call is sufficient initially, but a written followup is required. You will probably be directed to complete NTSB Form 6120.1, Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident/Incident Report, which is available on the NTSB website at www.ntsb.gov, from the nearest NTSB regional office, or from your local FSDO. Filing NTSB Form 6120.1 In accordance with 49 CFR part 830, section 830.5, you must file a report with the NTSB regional office nearest the accident or incident within 10 days after an accident for which notification is required. Complete Form 6120.1, sign it, and send it by mail or fax to the applicable NTSB regional office. Figure 1-4 at the end of this chapter is a sample NTSB Form 6120.1. Aviation safety reporting system The Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) is an important facet of the continuing effort by government, industry, and individuals to maintain and improve aviation safety. The ASRS, which is administered by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), collects voluntarily submitted aviation safety incident/situation reports from pilots, controllers, and others. The ASRS acts on the information these reports contain. It identifies system deficiencies and issues alerting messages to persons in a position to correct them. The database is a public repository which serves the needs of FAA and NASA and those of other organizations worldwide engaged in research and the promotion of safe flight. Purpose The ASRS collects, analyzes, and responds to voluntarily submitted aviation safety incident reports in order to lessen the likelihood of aviation accidents. ASRS data is used to: •Identify deficiencies and discrepancies in the National Airspace (NAS) so that these can be remedied by appropriate authorities. •Support policy formulation and planning for, and improvements to, the NAS. •Strengthen the foundation of aviation human factors safety research. This is particularly important since it is generally conceded that over two-thirds of all aviation accidents and incidents are caused by human performance errors. Confidentiality Pilots, air traffic controllers, flight attendants, mechanics, ground personnel, and others involved in aviation operations submit reports to the ASRS when they are involved in, or observe, an incident or situation in which aviation safety was compromised. All submissions are voluntary. Reports sent to the ASRS are held in strict confidence. ASRS de-identifies reports before entering them into the incident database. All personal and organizational names are removed. Dates, times, and related information that can be used to infer an identity are either generalized or eliminated. Filing an Incident Report An ASRS Incident Report is often referred to as a “NASA Strip.”When submitting an ASRS Incident Report, or NASA Strip, the submitter completes the form and sends it to the address indicated, and NASA returns the identification strip to the submitter as confirmation of receipt of the form. You can obtain more information, a copy of the incident report form, or file the form electronically on the NASA website at http://asrs.arc.nasa.gov. Figure 1-5 at the end of this chapter is a sample ASRS Incident Report. 1 1-4 Plane Sense

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safety The FAA has a number of aviation safety resources available on its website at www.faa.gov. You can access safety information by selecting “Safety” from the main menu bar. Safety Hotline You can call the FAA 24-Hour Safety Hotline at (800) 255-1111 or email the FAA Safety Hotline at 9-AWA-ASY-SAFETYHOTLINE@faa.gov to report: •Maintenance improprieties •Aircraft incidents •Suspected unapproved parts •Violations of 14 CFR You can provide your contact information or file an anonymous report with the FAA Safety Hotline. Safety Information You can also find additional information and aviation data and statistics on the FAA website at www.faa.gov including: •Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs) •Aircraft Safety Alerts •Safety Program Airmen Notification System •Information for operators •Safety alerts for operators •CertAlerts for certificated airports •Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) Safety Bulletin •Aviation Safety Information Analysis and Sharing (ASIAS) •Accident and incident data •Aviation accident reports and statistics •Runway incursion data and statistics •Weather reporting stolen Aircraft/equipment As an aircraft owner, you should be prepared to handle the theft of your aircraft or aircraft equipment. In order to manage the reporting process effectively, you should keep separate records (in a location away from the aircraft) of serial numbers for powerplants, avionics, and other installed items. Report these serial numbers at the same time the aircraft is stolen. Law Enforcement You should immediately report a stolen aircraft to the local law enforcement agency having jurisdiction at the site of the theft. Ask the agency to report the theft to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) National Crime Information Center, as this will initiate notifications to the appropriate government offices. Insurance Company After filing the appropriate reports with your local law enforcement agency, notify your insurance company or agent of the stolen aircraft, as appropriate. Aviation Crime Prevention Institute You should also notify the Aviation Crime Prevention Institute (ACPI) of the stolen aircraft. After you give ACPI all available information, ACPI will send notices of the theft to industry contacts, embassies, and other agencies, if applicable. You can contact the ACPI at: Aviation Crime Prevention Institute 226 N. Nova Road Ormond Beach, FL 32174 USA (800) 969-5473 toll-free (386) 341-7270 outside U.S. (386) 615-3378 fax http://www.acpi.org Aircraft Registration Branch

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If enough time has passed that the return of the aircraft is no longer expected, the owner should write to AFS-750 requesting that the registration for this aircraft be canceled. The request should fully describe the aircraft, indicate the reason for cancellation, be signed in ink by the owner, and show a title for the signer, if appropriate. 1 1-5 Chapter 1: Aircraft Owner Responsibilities ArroW Checklist Figure 1-1. ARROW Checklist. You can use this checklist to ensure that you are carrying the appropriate documentation onboard your aircraft at all times. stAtUs item desCriPtion •A—Airworthiness certificate FAA Form 8100-2, Standard Airworthiness Certificate, or FAA Form 8130-7, Special Airworthiness Certificate (as applicable) •R—Registration certificate FAA Form 8050-3, Certificate of Registration •R—Radio station license FCC Form 605, Quick-Form Application for Authorization in the Ship, Aircraft, Restricted and Commercial Operator, and General Mobile Radio Services, available on FCC website at www.fcc.gov (if required by the type of operation) •O—Operating limitations FAA-approved Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) and/or Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH), and/or limitations attached to FAA Form 8130-7 •W—Weight and balance Documentation provided by aircraft manufacturer, maintenance and modification records 1 1-6 Plane Sense Figure 1-2. FAA Change of Address Notification (Aircraft Owner). You can obtain instructions for completing an FAA Change of Address Notification on the FAA website at www.faa.gov or from your local FSDO. 199AZ Cessna 172 9999 OK 73125 Joe Pilot 123 Beechcraft Way Oklahoma City Joe Pilot SAMPLE CHANGE OF ADDRESS NOTIFICATION (AIRCRAFT OWNER) PRINT OR TYPE Name of Registered Owner Aircraft Registration Number N Manufacturer Model Serial Number Mailing Address (if PO Box, include physical address) City State Zip Code SIGNATURE (DO NOT Print or Type) Title SIGNATURE REQUIREMENTS: (Show appropriate title for signer) •Individual: Owner must sign. •artnership: A general partner must sign. •Corporation: A corporate officer or managing official must sign. •Co-owner: Each Co-owner must sign. •Government: Any authorized person may sign AFS-750-ADCHG-1 (07/04) (first fold) 1 1-7 Chapter 1: Aircraft Owner Responsibilities Figure 1-3. NTSB Regional Offices. The updated list of NTSB Regional Offices, including office hours, is available on the NTSB website at www.ntsb.gov. ntsB regional offces eastern region Ashburn regional offce 45065 Riverside Parkway Ashburn, Virginia 20147 Phone: (571) 223-3930 Fax: (571) 223-3926 Parsippany regional offce 2001 Route 46 Suite 310 Parsippany, New Jersey 07054 Phone: (973) 334-6420 Fax: (973) 334-6759 Atlanta regional offce Atlanta Federal Center 60 Forsyth Street, SW Suite 3M25 Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Phone: (404) 562-1666 Fax: (404) 562-1674 miami regional offce 8405 N.W. 53rd Street Suite B-103 Miami, Florida 33166 Phone: (305) 597-4610 Fax: (305) 597-4614 Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virgin Islands, Virginia, West Virginia Central region Chicago regional offce 31 West 775 North Avenue West Chicago, Illinois 60185 Phone: (630) 377-8177 Fax: (630) 377-8172 denver regional offce 4760 Oakland Street Suite 500 Denver, Colorado 80239 Phone: (303) 373-3500 Fax: (303) 373-3507 Arlington regional offce 624 Six Flags Drive Suite 150 Arlington, Texas 76011 Phone: (817) 652-7800 Fax: (817) 652-7803 Arkansas, Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wisconsin 1 1-8 Plane Sense

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Figure 1-3. NTSB Regional Offices (continued). Alaska region Anchorage regional offce 222 West 7th Avenue Room 216, Box 11 Anchorage, Alaska 99513 Phone: (907) 271-5001 Fax: (907) 271-3007 Alaska ntsB regional offces Western region seattle regional offce 19518 Pacific Highway South Suite 201 Seattle, Washington 98188 Phone: (206) 870-2200 Fax: (206) 870-2219 Gardena regional offce 1515 W. 190th Street Suite 555 Gardena, California 90248 Phone: (310) 380-5660 Fax: (310) 380-5666 Hawaii regional offce Telework Location American Samoa, Arizona, California, Guam, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming 1 1-9 Chapter 1: Aircraft Owner Responsibilities Figure 1-4. NTSB Form 6120.1, Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident/Incident Report. You can obtain instructions for completing NTSB Form 6120.1 on the NTSB website at www.ntsb.gov or from your local FSDO. SAMPLE 1 1-10 Plane Sense Figure 1-4. NTSB Form 6120.1 (page 2 of 9). SAMPLE 1 1-11 Chapter 1: Aircraft Owner Responsibilities Figure 1-4. NTSB Form 6120.1 (page 3 of 9). SAMPLE 1 1-12 Plane Sense Figure 1-4. NTSB Form 6120.1 (page 4 of 9). SAMPLE 1 1-13 Chapter 1: Aircraft Owner Responsibilities Figure 1-4. NTSB Form 6120.1 (page 5 of 9). SAMPLE 1 1-14 Plane Sense Figure 1-4. NTSB Form 6120.1 (page 6 of 9). SAMPLE 1 1-15 Chapter 1: Aircraft Owner Responsibilities Figure 1-4. NTSB Form 6120.1 (page 7 of 9). SAMPLE 1 1-16 Plane Sense Figure 1-4. NTSB Form 6120.1 (page 8 of 9). SAMPLE 1 1-17 Chapter 1: Aircraft Owner Responsibilities Figure 1-4. NTSB Form 6120.1 (page 9 of 9). SAMPLE 1 1-18 Plane Sense Figure 1-5. ASRS Incident Report. You can obtain an ASRS Incident Report and/or file the form online at the NASA website at http://asrs.arc.nasa.gov/. SAMPLE 1 1-19 Chapter 1: Aircraft Owner Responsibilities Figure 1-5. ASRS Incident Report (page 2 of 2). SAMPLE 1 1-20 Plane Sense 1 2-1 Buying an Aircraft 2T he purchase of an aircraft represents a major commitment that should be approached carefully and cautiously, especially when buying a used aircraft. For many aircraft owners, it represents the largest single lifetime investment next to buying a home. Quite often, the purchase price of an aircraft approximates or exceeds the price of a new home. Particularly when buying a used aircraft, it is wise to have the selected aircraft inspected by a qualified person or facility before you complete the transaction. The condition of the air- craft and the state of its maintenance records can be determined by persons familiar with the particular make and model. Pre-purchase inspections should be performed by a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certificated airframe and powperplant mechanic (A&P) or an approved repair station. The Buying an Aircraft Checklist (Figure 2-1 at the end of this chapter) is a suggested list of items to consider when purchasing an aircraft. selecting the Aircraft One of the most common mistakes in purchasing an aircraft is to make a decision too quickly. Take the time to analyze your requirements carefully and be realistic. Consider the typical flight loading, trip distance, and conditions of flight, then compare aircraft. If possible, rent the type of aircraft that interests you to determine how well it meets your requirements. Keep in mind that the biggest expense of owning an aircraft is not always the initial purchase price. Where to Look Once you have chosen the type of aircraft that will fit your needs, shop around and do some pricing. For retail and wholesale price information, check with an aviation trade association, bank, other financial institution, or Fixed Base Operator (FBO) for the latest aircraft bluebook values. There are several good publications available that advertise aircraft for sale. Your local FBO can be very helpful as you look for the right aircraft. m CAUTION: Try to keep your search for an aircraft close to home. If a problem pops up after the sale, you may not find the long-distance seller as willing to help you as someone closer to home. 2-2 Plane Sense Factors Affecting Resale Value Know the major factors that affect resale value. Generally speaking they are: •Engine hours—perhaps the most common in- fluence on resale value. The closer an engine is to its recommended time between overhaul (TBO), the lower the value. There are many factors that affect engine health, and a high-time engine is not necessarily bad. Regular use helps keep seals and other engine components lubricated and in good shape. •Installed equipment—such as avionics, air condi- tioning, deicing gear and interior equipment. The most valuable equipment is usually avionics, which can easily double the value of some older aircraft. The newer the technology, the higher the value of the aircraft. •Airworthiness directives (ADs)—issued by the FAA for safety reasons. Once issued, owners are required to comply with the AD within the time period allotted. It is important to look at the AD history of an aircraft and ensure the logbooks show compliance with all applicable ADs. ADs are discussed in greater detail in chapter 9. •Damage history—it may be difficult to locate a complete damage history for an aircraft. Any aircraft with a damage history should be closely scrutinized to ensure it has been properly repaired in accordance with the applicable Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) parts and recommended practices. •aint/Interior—as is the case with homes, paint can be used to give “tired” aircraft a quick facelift. Check new paint jobs carefully for evidence of corrosion under the surface. Interior items should be checked for proper fit and condition. Overhauls Be careful of the terminology used to describe engine condition. Do not confuse a top overhaul with a major overhaul, or a major overhaul with a factory remanufactured “zero-time” engine. A top overhaul involves the repair of engine components outside of the crankcase. A major overhaul involves the complete disassembly, inspection, repair, and reassembly of an engine to specified limits. If an engine has had a top or major overhaul, the logbooks must still show the total time on the engine, if known, and its prior maintenance history. A “zero-time” engine is one that has been overhauled to factory new limits by the original manufacturer and is issued a new logbook without previous operating history. Aircraft records Aircraft records maintained by the FAA are on file at the Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Copies of aircraft records are available for review in CD format or paper. For information on ordering and costs, contact the FAA Civil Aviation Registry Aircraft Registration Branch (AFS-750). Copies of aircraft records may also be requested online. Visit www.faa.gov and select the “Aircraft Registration” link. There may be other records on file at federal, state, or local agencies that are not recorded with the FAA. AFS-750 contact information is in the FAA Contact Information appendix on pages A1–A2 of this handbook. Make sure the following documents are available and in proper order for the aircraft: •Airworthiness Certificate •Engine and airframe logbooks •Aircraft equipment list •Weight and balance data, placards •FAA-approved Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) and/or Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) m CAUTION: Missing documents, pages, or entries from aircraft logbooks may cause significant problems for the purchaser and reduce the value of the aircraft. Aircraft title The Federal Aviation Act requires the FAA to main- tain a recording system for aircraft bills of sale, security agreements, mortgages, and other liens. This is done at AFS-750, which also processes applications for, and issues, aircraft registration certificates. The two systems are linked together because you must prove ownership in order to be entitled to register an aircraft. “Clear title” is a term commonly used by aircraft title search companies to indicate there are no liens (e.g., chattel mortgage, security agreement, tax lien, artisan lien) in the FAA aircraft records. Title searches for the aviation public are not performed by AFS-750; however, the aircraft records contain all of the ownership and security documents that have been filed with the FAA. AFS-750 records acceptable security instruments. In addition, some states authorize artisan liens (mechanic liens). These also need to be recorded. Be sure to check your state’s statutes regarding liens. 2 2-3

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Chapter 2: Buying an Aircraft m CAUTION: Federal liens against an owner (drug, repossession, etc.) may not show up on your title search. State law determines lien and security interests. Although there is no federal requirement to file lien or security instruments with the FAA, the parties to these transactions can file their qualifying documents with AFS-750. You may search the aircraft records, or have this done by an attorney or aircraft title search company. m CAUTION: FAA registration cannot be used in any civil proceeding to establish proof of ownership. There is no substitute for examining the aircraft’s records to secure an ownership history and to determine if there are any outstanding liens or mortgages. This procedure should help avoid a delay in registering an aircraft. Filing Ownership and Lien Documents Filing ownership and lien documents constitutes formal notice to the world of the ownership and security interests recorded. A person who engages in a financial transaction involving a U.S. registered aircraft who does not have a title search performed is taking a risk. Under the law, that person will be charged with knowing what is on file with the FAA, even if he or she does not actually know. A simple title search will show the federally recorded ownership and lien status of any aircraft registered in the United States. When a Lien Is Recorded When a security agreement or lien document is recorded, the FAA sends an Aeronautical Center (AC) Form 8050-41, Conveyance Recordation Notice, to the secured party. This notice describes the affected aircraft (and other eligible collateral such as engines, propellers and air carrier spare parts locations). It also identifies the recorded document by its date, the parties, the FAA recording number, and date of recordation. This recordation notice is sent as a confirmation that the lien has been recorded and added to the aircraft record. Releasing a Recorded Lien The FAA Form 8050-41 may be used as a release if the secured party signs below the release statement and returns the form to the AFS-750. The FAA may also accept as a release a document that describes the affected collateral, specifically identifies the lien, and contains a statement releasing all lienholder rights and interest in the described collateral from the terms of the identified lien. The release document must be signed in ink by the secured party and show the signer’s title, as appropriate. A new AC Form 8050-41 may be requested by con- tacting AFS-750. You will need to describe the aircraft and the lien document sufficiently to identify the specific document needing release. AFS-750 contact information is in the FAA Contact Information appendix on pages A1–A2 of this handbook. Aircraft documents There are numerous documents that should be reviewed and transferred when you purchase an aircraft. Bill of Sale or Conditional Sales Contract The bill of sale or conditional sales contract is your proof of purchase of the aircraft and will be recorded with the FAA to protect your ownership interest. Airworthiness Certificate The aircraft should have either FAA Form 8100-2, Standard Airworthiness Certificate, or FAA Form 8130-7, Special Airworthiness Certificate. Maintenance Records The previous owner of the aircraft should provide the aircraft’s maintenance records containing the following information: •The total time in service of the airframe, each engine, and each propeller; •The current status of life-limited parts of each airframe, engine, propeller, rotor, and appliance; •The time since last overhaul of all items installed on the aircraft that are required to be overhauled on a specified time basis; •The identification of the current inspection status of the aircraft, including the time since the last inspection required by the inspection program under which the aircraft and its appliances are maintained; •The current status of applicable ADs, including for each the method of compliance, the AD number, revision date, and if the AD involves recurring action, the time and date when the next action is required; and •A copy of current major alterations to each airframe, engine, propeller, rotor, and appliance. 2 2-4 Plane Sense

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manuals Manufacturers produce owner’s manuals, main- tenance manuals, service letters and bulletins, and other technical data pertaining to their aircraft. These may be available from the previous owner, but are not required to be transferred to a purchaser. If the service manuals are not available from the previous owner, you can usually obtain them from the aircraft manufacturer. Airworthiness Two conditions must be met for a standard category aircraft to be considered airworthy: •The aircraft conforms to its type design (type certificate). Conformity to type design is attained when the required and proper components are installed that are consistent with the drawings, specifications, and other data that are part of the type certificate. Conformity includes applicable Supplemental Type Certificate(s) (STC) and field-approval alterations. •The aircraft is in condition for safe operation, referring to the condition of the aircraft with relation to wear and deterioration. maintenance 14 CFR part 91, section 91.403, places primary responsibility upon the owner for maintaining the aircraft in an airworthy condition. This includes compliance with applicable ADs. The owner is responsible for ensuring that maintenance personnel make appropriate entries in the aircraft main- tenance records, indicating that the aircraft has been approved for return to service. In addition, the owner is responsible for having maintenance performed that may be required between scheduled inspections. Inoperative instruments or equipment that can be deferred under 14 CFR part 91, section 91.213(d)(2), will be placarded and maintenance recorded in accordance with 14 CFR part 43, section 43.9. Pre-Purchase inspection Before buying an aircraft, you should have a mechanic you trust give the aircraft a thorough inspection and provide you with a written report of its condition. While a pre-purchase inspection need not be an annual inspection, it should include at least a dif- ferential compression check on each cylinder of the engine and any other inspections necessary to determine the condition of the aircraft. In addition to a mechanical inspection, the aircraft logbooks and other records should be carefully reviewed for such things as FAA Form 337, Report of Major Repair or Alteration, AD compliance, the status of service bulletins and letters, and aircraft/component serial numbers. light-sport Aircraft Light-sport aircraft is a growing sector of the general aviation community, specific to the United States. Several resources are available if you have questions about acquiring a light-sport aircraft. You can contact the FAA Light Sport Aviation Branch (AFS-610), your local FAA Flight Standards District Office (FSDO), or the Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA) for assistance. Chapter 6 discusses light-sport aircraft in greater detail. AFS-610 contact information is in the FAA Contact Information appendix on pages A1–A2 of this handbook. Amateur-Built Aircraft There are several unique considerations when purchasing an amateur-built aircraft. The pros- pective buyer is advised to have someone familiar with the type of aircraft check the aircraft of interest for workmanship, general construction integrity, and compliance with the applicable 14 CFR parts. You can contact your local FAA Manufacturing Inspection District Office (MIDO) or FSDO to speak with an FAA aviation safety inspector (ASI) who can explain the requirements for experimental certification. 2 2-5