起落架故障ffice ffice" /> & ~, c4 t2 r4 |/ E
航空器起落架放不下的处置程序:
/ ^9 R1 G2 Y- ]5 [1. 收到机组报告起落架放不下或起落架告警后,了解故障情况;
0 C3 \7 J7 J, C9 Y5 k2. 如果故障航空器准备在首都机场着陆,指挥其它航空器避让,空出可利用的空域,建议机采用大坡度转弯,下降拉升等措施设法放下起落架; 7 A0 D5 W4 T5 k j- o# o
3. 如果机组报告起落架已放下,告警消除,指挥航空器下降到最低安全高度,用望远镜目视确认起落架已放下后,指挥航空器着陆; 0 N5 R4 k' s1 o( E+ } w
4. 如果机组报告起落架仍未放下,航空器准备在首都机场迫降时,询问机组是否需要放油或空中盘旋耗油; , z/ t1 o* V, P* w
5. 需要放油时,通知区域管制室,指挥航空器飞往放油区; 7 {4 \5 Y5 I, m' B
6. 向管调报告,通知TAMCC、消防、救护等部门做好航空器迫降准备工作; - O9 [$ `0 \: K: H6 E
7. 与TAMCC协商在跑道上喷洒泡沫毯的有关事宜(喷洒的长度、喷洒的宽度、喷洒的起始位置等); 2 S# t7 z5 u N; ? G* K ]2 t. w
8. 调配有关航空器,空出故障航空器准备迫降的跑道和有关区域;
' @6 ?7 @- b% L9. 向机组提供天气实况、使用的跑道。 1 N% L2 h& N' E+ A" s3 t
6 ^" V6 w; p. T4 [' S# j通话: & `% l& _0 `* C9 l
关键词:
+ @6 J2 @# \2 G+ [+ u$ \* D7 R8 T: H2 ^
6 @6 q7 y+ Q7 r$ s/ y" ^4 ~
4 U5 e' A3 }2 l+ ~ w1 s I6 s9 G o- F
landing gear 起落架 | * x% B; B+ b9 m* I
) o- B% E# t7 Z+ w! R1 K# s
the nose wheel 前轮 |
, ?5 j$ c% ]. y) [5 h! ?. [: O/ S- f
7 R2 a$ i. J' h, ?+ C
5 c5 o9 Z9 T7 Q! V& f gear locked 起落架锁定 | $ p q2 z4 M3 a
$ y; l% B; {1 ^8 w9 ?: N the wheel well 轮舱 | 4 K$ } c' y# }& b
) _+ U3 \$ P0 R9 |% B) \% t. w8 m* g; ?& `; j! s: y* R
the wheel doors 轮舱门 | & `4 s1 y: v V6 k" ~
+ o; Q) h% L# @8 U type 轮胎 | ! f3 m$ Z9 x8 h N6 n% S/ l u
, d# F1 k+ Y: l+ b8 g5 ?
6 g4 P" G5 r4 [6 G" i burst 爆破 | ; e1 d) {& Z& w! d, z8 j) ^* E/ W
% j" p/ z8 x; V" V7 r- e! |
a deflated type 放了气的轮胎 |
6 t/ i: T9 P7 h' C! M0 v8 b+ g9 \0 }* q8 H b7 G( f( f( J
7 X/ G) I$ _* I4 f( w a flat type 撒气的轮胎 |
. a3 ~$ ?* d* J) m, E$ H* v3 ]' e8 z* ]( G* `
puncture 刺孔 | ! w% r7 e3 u; K6 {& s3 B6 e6 |
" \& v( W8 \1 ]* y0 |9 |' w
5 ^5 `' ~8 G* Z/ \ N" X& z
extend/retract the gear 放下/收起落架 | : e+ z* w. I3 `2 B! n4 \! c
0 Q: z8 t9 Y8 S4 a emergency extension system 紧急放下系统 |
, i8 X; e# }' K* m
1 e& V$ I$ d: A; ~
0 p7 d0 B; h; H; N* S: J& F& E crank the gear down 人工放下起落架 |
) y+ N/ E5 t4 ?
! l; J: X) M5 i7 j8 y the gear are jammed 起落架卡阻 |
% a' |5 A# |4 }$ t* i
5 c. H, \, H7 O9 Q7 Q8 P* A; n, b/ _% s4 e
appear down/up 看上去已放下/收上 |
$ S: B/ ?" {3 d' S4 B' n
5 Z' s1 V7 H4 @% Y7 N does not appear down/up 看上去未放下/收上 | 0 L4 q. Y4 a u z( W6 t$ T' Z
! u& |. ^3 S; [# \5 n- ]1 O# k; v6 P- T- A. |
low pass 低空通场 |
, | d2 ^5 D/ i' I! N O
( r9 m" g9 M9 g d# y F x touch and go 连续起落 | * }5 o( x. T8 d
) U) y7 B: K, h2 S5 Q( D0 f7 }
/ \8 i) a/ D( A
belly landing 机腹着陆 |
- } d; r* _* s+ @6 s5 P
& } M* l" {! u5 E gear up landing 收起落架着陆 | 5 Z! J+ y( z# R7 {
: k+ m8 x* E' `0 D8 d
- c- q/ h/ x+ w8 l/ ^) A foam carpet 泡沫毯 |
& L# y ]4 I' ^+ S' T+ d3 H# \8 ` o3 p. ^* s
Fuel dumping 放油 |
- I0 U' N( x! {. D& k, u
, G& }1 B! ~3 \' s机组报告:
7 B! Q6 M* J4 b0 hWe’re having difficulties with landing gear.
# A. w2 w$ U4 H; gWe have undercarriage trouble.
0 l1 E5 m. L% M3 k. p+ n) ~; J我们起落架有问题。 " r2 C. ~) X' Q) V+ Q- T# u2 j
* B/ u5 i" a6 t* c2 \ Q. @; z& G# U
We have a full emergency now. We’re unable to lower (extend、put out) the nose wheel. ; e' Q" T% o$ I& e) |. |4 S4 c. I
我们有紧急情况,无法放下前轮。
9 y5 |- H0 M- x ' Q1 W/ X3 [0 }, c
We have trouble with extending the landing gear.
) D9 G: @$ k# B+ E我们放不下起落架。 & x/ n \6 | `2 l7 ?2 t
- t* {4 y" h8 u" N6 \2 c7 Q+ GNose gear does not appear down.
# B e' P$ ?2 |& |" f前起落架好像没放下。 1 y# t- u, x9 |- @$ L
The hydraulic pressure is dropping fast. We’ll check gear extension, call you back. / d6 u# W: B6 m! ]4 g! ^7 ?
液压急剧下降,检查起落架再叫你。 x, j# G4 A* ?4 F
# ~' K6 |2 l" q9 b! {0 PThere greens only one is on. We have lost the main gear. We’ll try manual.
" h @. H% p3 e( B- |只有一个绿灯亮,我们已失去主起落架,我们要试试手动方式。
1 m( n. v7 y( ^+ h( d3 v / a+ i' C: ?4 X5 C8 p" E7 L0 n
Two tyres burst on left main landing gear.
3 n& l+ |: n/ I$ z% q左主轮两个轮胎爆破。
; N; c" C. O( ^, Q% ~8 `
/ c" o- ^/ z3 v O T了解故障情况、机组意图及建议: 1 R; ~; b, ^( a6 _
Report your intentions. . }" G# ^: T0 s+ K
报告你的意图。 F0 p5 y% u* F9 I) f/ K
" e; N1 z- _: W6 K( kDo you intend to make another approach straight away or to hold somewhere?
, F4 R, d1 E! T( M% z你想再接着做一次进近,还是到别的地方等待? 7 B* I7 l# H* ~
& \4 t f: Y7 g" K$ V( j% K
Report endurance.
& H: l" S% q# w* X8 W d6 BReport fuel remaining in time.
7 L9 @5 Q$ [1 f5 f剩余油量还能飞多长时间? ; Q5 j$ a1 B3 G
4 \+ V1 L5 c5 ]( ]/ ]9 sSuggest make a low pass for visual check.
- Q, l0 h$ X0 r& `3 @; K建议低空通场目视检查。
7 H# r; e; P3 a: `$ q: e7 o, c2 G
/ {: Y" W5 }6 X _Suggest make a touch and go to jar the wheel down.
' t( t6 f) ` U2 l6 f$ E建议做一个触地拉升以便甩出前轮。 / A; C: ]2 z; V% P
+ H$ Q* J& x! d" y( k" F( b
机组报告情况及意图:
# B, U8 u( U& jWe’d like to hold over HUR to make further checks.
3 Y; v# \7 S1 K- E我们希望到HUR等待,做进一步检查。
- _/ T& ?0 m$ L% M7 S, q: c
) p3 h V; y; j; X# JI’ll have to hold for a while to sort this out. $ d& `7 v# y! ?" Z2 F$ ~
我要盘旋等待以便找出原因。
# B" H: t2 f, N& u! J) \. f- K 0 q' J( l z# G# m; E
We’d like to make a low pass so that you can check whether nose wheel is down. * w. T% g' _8 K9 I5 [4 k4 Q y! [0 Z
我要低空通场以便你们帮我检查前轮是否放下。 ' Z- p: u1 o# q0 z
) x* L4 I2 |3 m3 L* u
Request low pass for visual check. - ~2 ^) i' Y3 Y2 [. l7 X4 F
请求低空通场做目视检查。 ! d& V% `- m4 B- I# U
. H7 ]: b1 u* i
Request touch and go to jar the wheel down. v( i+ Q I7 D1 [4 t
Request permission for touch and go. We’ll attempt to jar the wheel down.
; r3 R) `, e1 @: W请求做一个触地拉升以便甩出机轮。
- _( R/ p$ R# L d+ ?) K$ H: ?) C
- p7 B; y9 Q% ~/ U& j6 u1 k
$ j, a! W. y; h$ X7 QWe have 4000lbs left, that’s 20 minutes endurance. We’d like to keep about 3000lbs in case we had to overshoots. 1 K' j0 u4 _3 x- s& i
我们有4000磅的油,够飞20分钟。但我们想保留3000磅的油以防万一复飞时使用。
' O+ ?8 Y: d9 {
; [) z& ]; h& x- B& p2 aEndurance is about 30 minutes.
4 f. T! D8 T; b) i' J剩余30分钟的油量。
7 R% d+ L3 r# f ; \9 ^9 O! g: o# D
管制员指令: 9 p( n5 ^) O4 E, D
Proceed to HUR, hold as published, maintain 2100 meters, report check completed.
* C: k/ h) t8 H3 }9 }7 c* u( \直飞HUR,保持2100米加入标准等待程序,检查完毕报告。
0 b: o! A c" e! ]& \
- Z* n0 T, D. F+ \. WCleared low pass runway 36R, not below 150 meters, report final. 2 q+ N& {( D$ w, |* @, g& z6 v
可以低空通过36R跑道,不要低于150米,五边报告。
9 J. \5 Z2 i* h# a5 j , q$ y& ^5 C0 \7 q$ k( W
Make the low pass on the left-hand side of the runway 36R. I’ll keep you advised. & n7 u- j* E! j }* i( o7 l; ~
在36R跑道左侧低空通过,我将保持与你联系。
2 H+ E X3 K/ N, I 1 R& Z; @ z- p
Cleared for touch and go on runway 36R. ' S, }$ A1 }) F& o: E
可以在36R跑道做一个触地拉升。 5 B5 [ D |: o- D+ T
% x- j" z7 R1 l- K* O管制员报告目视检查情况: 4 P T& G, y3 h
No nose wheel.
# D; }4 F {( L' @- U; O没有看到前轮。 # l) r o/ D- S0 i
m9 s$ D& ]- P* I
Landing gear appears down. / I/ S8 V# ^' N' F: z
起落架好像放下了。 " I' _, M6 {8 w( G; s- @% Y g
+ w8 w1 \- b+ x+ S% _ o# X- |& g
Right (left、nose) wheel appears up (down).
1 D q% n h D右/左/前轮好像已收上/放下。 : h7 d2 L- ?5 l
/ ^0 ~! i: L& ?# I/ @/ H3 q
Right (left、nose) wheel dose not appear up (down).
* k; g% L- |1 W- E9 t2 F右/左/前轮好像未收上/放下。
/ U- f& y( L0 n; R7 }5 e3 j/ K 7 b# M% s+ ?2 y+ {* Y$ H$ n1 _
Nose wheel is only half way down.
. `# n2 i9 r2 d, G' E) l7 j前轮仅仅放下一半。 8 ~" C7 W( J! W1 ?1 I g' ]3 |
2 X3 K, e% W6 `* y) a
机组报告检查情况:
4 [/ i: [" u9 A1 fCheck complete. I think gear is still jammed, but I’m not quite positive about it. ' H! k+ q0 G& a+ H$ Y% V
检查完毕。机轮仍然卡着,但我不能十分肯定。 ' c, d( G6 b( U. C. m9 E L
S6 p" z' w7 j, j k2 E9 mNose wheel still appears to be jammed. ! b: y* W! [6 ]0 J6 b- j
前轮好像仍然卡着。
9 V3 K ]4 R; C8 {7 I! f 4 G {7 i" o6 o! R
5 T) l; {* Z* M! ]* XWe’re unable to crank landing gear down. $ |5 ~1 Y8 @) D8 I1 W8 q# n, o( A
我们无法摇下起落架。
: w) z- ~4 \+ d6 J# _
7 Z' T. R/ `; J2 \( N( F0 y迫降: ( ]+ W+ u q( H
1. 机组请求迫降: 6 H% A% e; l& t
We have to make a belly landing, request foam the runway and dumping instructions. ' w2 N" p: |4 l' v
我们不得不机腹迫降,请求在跑道上铺设泡沫毯和放油指示。
/ B, U5 f/ S' i0 T7 {
1 `8 |, w( }0 \8 d3 Y, _! bWe’ll have to make a gear up landing, request foam carpet at the touchdown zone of the runway. & z! L; v" ^6 m+ {" T
我们不得不收器起落架着陆,请求在跑道接地区铺设泡沫毯。 / I* T7 m7 W5 c; Q
- x* T7 f: ~' i8 FPlease have the emergency equipment standby.
" l9 W8 ^; h% l. n' _* A7 b6 X请求紧急救援服务。 9 ?- [7 |! a2 {+ `/ B7 ]
3 _! b; E0 i$ a# D
2. 询问是否需要放油或盘旋耗油: 5 K- M" |- R8 {/ W0 h4 x. ^& f
Check your landing weight. 5 |" C$ j* |, u6 h/ x, ]+ k
检查你的着陆重量。
& H) C9 L5 ]1 i+ N3 |) v6 T4 a 3 j/ ?3 ]* @5 X3 O
Do you intend to dump fuel or hold to waste (consume) fuel before landing? 5 e: z0 \1 y4 o8 Z# @7 j) n
你准备在落地前放油或盘旋耗油吗?
" j2 h- W* x! @6 d J2 q2 L " s, q. c, R0 f+ A
3. 管制员报告准备情况:
8 x8 Y. C) t. u4 n; H# d! C5 q pThe emergency equipment is standing by.
2 d' U: M& U z. c( x" t+ N紧急救援设备已经准备好。
+ w/ ~/ q [6 g, q : ^- ?/ p+ }4 ]% H+ {$ N" ^
It’s going to take about 20 minutes to form the runway. You’ll land on 36R.
' W8 g B# _' [) @# N铺设泡沫毯需要大约20分钟,准备36R落地。
( v! e& w+ F' a$ d" Y2 K
& x3 @& B6 d hThe foam carpet should be ready in 10 minutes.
! ]& w& |; ^5 ]2 j. y泡沫毯将在10分钟内准备好。
0 k1 { Z* o) z i1 s& A" {$ b
; G! E8 O6 d7 fRunway is being foamed, expect approach shortly. 4 A% I/ T W. W
跑道上正在铺设泡沫毯,很快就可以进近。
( N6 w- L1 _5 Z1 a7 C 3 c, @3 @* s5 e! [. e/ |0 K" j3 P/ o
The foam carpet begins 600m after the threshold. It’s 15m wide and 600m long.
$ d+ H" v; |/ }4 ]% D: Y: Z泡沫毯从跑道入口600米处开始,宽15米,长600米。
$ w5 K/ r. t k$ ~ 3 ~/ `: o3 N2 T. F( b& f3 T
4. 询问机组是否有足够复飞的油量: " I# L# M9 t2 k2 ]7 D1 F
Confirm you have enough fuel to overshoot? # g/ ~8 L2 f! O2 x+ C& x
证实是否有足够的油复飞。 |