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181#
发表于 2008-12-21 19:27:01 |只看该作者
e. Restricted Area- Airspace designated under 14 CFR Part 73, within which the flight of aircraft, while not wholly prohibited, is subject to restriction. Most restricted areas are designated joint use and IFR/VFR operations in the area may be authorized by the controlling ATC facility when it is not being utilized by the using agency. Restricted areas are depicted on en route charts. Where joint use is authorized, the name of the ATC controlling facility is also shown. (Refer to 14 CFR Part 73.) (Refer to AIM.) f. Warning Area- A warning area is airspace of defined dimensions extending from 3 nautical miles outward from the coast of the United States, that contains activity that may be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft. The purpose of such warning area is to warn nonparticipating pilots of the potential danger. A warning area may be located over domestic or international waters or both. SPECIAL VFR CONDITIONS- Meteorological conditions that are less than those required for basic VFR flight in Class B, C, D, or E surface areas and in which some aircraft are permitted flight under visual flight rules. (See SPECIAL VFR OPERATIONS.) (Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.) SPECIAL VFR FLIGHT [ICAO]- A VFR flight cleared by air traffic control to operate within Class B, C, D, and E surface areas in metrological conditions below VMC. SPECIAL VFR OPERATIONS- Aircraft operating in accordance with clearances within Class B, C, D, and E surface areas in weather conditions less than the basic VFR weather minima. Such operations must be requested by the pilot and approved by ATC. (See SPECIAL VFR CONDITIONS.) (See ICAO term SPECIAL VFR FLIGHT.) SPEED(See AIRSPEED.) (See GROUND SPEED.)

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182#
发表于 2008-12-21 19:27:12 |只看该作者
SPEED ADJUSTMENT- An ATC procedure used to request pilots to adjust aircraft speed to a specific value for the purpose of providing desired spacing. Pilots are expected to maintain a speed of plus or minus 10 knots or 0.02 Mach number of the specified speed. Examples of speed adjustments are: a. “Increase/reduce speed to Mach point (number.)” b. “Increase/reduce speed to (speed in knots)” or “Increase/reduce speed (number of knots) knots.” SPEED BRAKES- Moveable aerodynamic devices on aircraft that reduce airspeed during descent and landing. SPEED SEGMENTS- Portions of the arrival route between the transition point and the vertex along the optimum flight path for which speeds and altitudes are specified. There is one set of arrival speed segments adapted from each transition point to each vertex. Each set may contain up to six segments. SQUAWK (Mode, Code, Function)- Activate specific modes/codes/functions on the aircraft transponder; e.g., “Squawk three/alpha, two one zero five, low.” (See TRANSPONDER.) Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08 PCG S-6 STA(See SCHEDULED TIME OF ARRIVAL.) STAGING/QUEUING- The placement, integration, and segregation of departure aircraft in designated movement areas of an airport by departure fix, EDCT, and/or restriction. STAND BY- Means the controller or pilot must pause for a few seconds, usually to attend to other duties of a higher priority. Also means to wait as in “stand by for clearance. ” The caller should reestablish contact if a delay is lengthy. “Stand by” is not an approval or denial. STANDARD INSTRUMENT APPROACH PRO­ CEDURE (SIAP)- (See INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE.) STANDARD INSTRUMENT DEPARTURE (SID)- A preplanned instrument flight rule (IFR) air traffic control (ATC) departure procedure printed for pilot/controller use in graphic form to provide obstacle clearance and a transition from the terminal area to the appropriate en route structure. SIDs are primarily designed for system enhancement to expedite traffic flow and to reduce pilot/controller workload. ATC clearance must always be received prior to flying a SID. (See IFR TAKEOFF MINIMUMS AND DEPARTURE PROCEDURES.) (See OBSTACLE DEPARTURE PROCEDURE.) (Refer to AIM.)

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183#
发表于 2008-12-21 19:27:25 |只看该作者
STANDARD RATE TURN- A turn of three degrees per second. STANDARD TERMINAL ARRIVAL- A preplanned instrument flight rule (IFR) air traffic control arrival procedure published for pilot use in graphic and/or textual form. STARs provide transition from the en route structure to an outer fix or an instrument approach fix/arrival waypoint in the terminal area. STANDARD TERMINAL ARRIVAL CHARTS(See AERONAUTICAL CHART.) STANDARD TERMINAL AUTOMATION RE­ PLACEMENT SYSTEM (STARS)- (See DTAS.) STAR(See STANDARD TERMINAL ARRIVAL.) STATE AIRCRAFT- Aircraft used in military, customs and police service, in the exclusive service of any government, or of any political subdivision, thereof including the government of any state, territory, or possession of the United States or the District of Columbia, but not including any government-owned aircraft engaged in carrying persons or property for commercial purposes. STATIC RESTRICTIONS- Those restrictions that are usually not subject to change, fixed, in place, and/or published. STATIONARY RESERVATIONS- Altitude reservations which encompass activities in a fixed area. Stationary reservations may include activities, such as special tests of weapons systems or equipment, certain U.S. Navy carrier, fleet, and anti-submarine operations, rocket, missile and drone operations, and certain aerial refueling or similar operations. STEP TAXI- To taxi a float plane at full power or high RPM. STEP TURN- A maneuver used to put a float plane in a planing configuration prior to entering an active sea lane for takeoff. The STEP TURN maneuver should only be used upon pilot request. STEPDOWN FIX- A fix permitting additional descent within a segment of an instrument approach procedure by identifying a point at which a controlling obstacle has been safely overflown. STEREO ROUTE- A routinely used route of flight established by users and ARTCCs identified by a coded name; e.g., ALPHA 2. These routes minimize flight plan handling and communications. STOL AIRCRAFT(See SHORT TAKEOFF AND LANDING AIRCRAFT.) STOP ALTITUDE SQUAWK- Used by ATC to inform an aircraft to turn-off the automatic altitude reporting feature of its transponder. It is issued when the verbally reported altitude varies 300 feet or more from the automatic altitude report. (See ALTITUDE READOUT.) (See TRANSPONDER.) STOP AND GO- A procedure wherein an aircraft will land, make a complete stop on the runway, and then commence a takeoff from that point. (See LOW APPROACH.) (See OPTION APPROACH.) Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08 PCG S-7 STOP BURST(See STOP STREAM.) STOP BUZZER(See STOP STREAM.) STOP SQUAWK (Mode or Code)- Used by ATC to tell the pilot to turn specified functions of the aircraft transponder off. (See STOP ALTITUDE SQUAWK.) (See TRANSPONDER.) STOP STREAM- Used by ATC to request a pilot to suspend electronic attack activity. (See JAMMING.) STOPOVER FLIGHT PLAN- A flight plan format which permits in a single submission the filing of a sequence of flight plans through interim full-stop destinations to a final destination. STOPWAY- An area beyond the takeoff runway no less wide than the runway and centered upon the extended centerline of the runway, able to support the airplane during an aborted takeoff, without causing structural damage to the airplane, and designated by the airport authorities for use in decelerating the airplane during an aborted takeoff. STRAIGHT-IN APPROACH IFR- An instrument approach wherein final approach is begun without first having executed a procedure turn, not necessarily completed with a straight-in landing or made to straight-in landing minimums. (See LANDING MINIMUMS.) (See STRAIGHT-IN APPROACH VFR.) (See STRAIGHT-IN LANDING.) STRAIGHT-IN APPROACH VFR- Entry into the traffic pattern by interception of the extended runway centerline (final approach course) without executing any other portion of the traffic pattern. (See TRAFFIC PATTERN.) STRAIGHT-IN LANDING- A landing made on a runway aligned within 30_ of the final approach course following completion of an instrument approach. (See STRAIGHT-IN APPROACH IFR.) STRAIGHT-IN LANDING MINIMUMS(See LANDING MINIMUMS.) STRAIGHT-IN MINIMUMS(See STRAIGHT-IN LANDING MINIMUMS.) STRATEGIC PLANNING- Planning whereby solutions are sought to resolve potential conflicts. SUBSTITUTE ROUTE- A route assigned to pilots when any part of an airway or route is unusable because of NAVAID status. These routes consist of: a. Substitute routes which are shown on U.S. Government charts. b. Routes defined by ATC as specific NAVAID radials or courses. c. Routes defined by ATC as direct to or between NAVAIDs. SUNSET AND SUNRISE- The mean solar times of sunset and sunrise as published in the Nautical Almanac, converted to local standard time for the locality concerned. Within Alaska, the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight, as defined for each locality. SUPER HIGH FREQUENCY- The frequency band between 3 and 30 gigahertz (GHz). The elevation and azimuth stations of the microwave landing system operate from 5031 MHz to 5091 MHz in this spectrum. SUPPLEMENTAL WEATHER SERVICE LOCA­ TION- Airport facilities staffed with contract personnel who take weather observations and provide current local weather to pilots via telephone or radio. (All other services are provided by the parent FSS.) SUPPS- Refers to ICAO Document 7030 Regional Supplementary Procedures. SUPPS contain procedures for each ICAO Region which are unique to that Region and are not covered in the worldwide provisions identified in the ICAO Air Navigation Plan. Procedures contained in Chapter 8 are based in part on those published in SUPPS. SURFACE AREA- The airspace contained by the lateral boundary of the Class B, C, D, or E airspace designated for an airport that begins at the surface and extends upward. SURPIC- A description of surface vessels in the area of a Search and Rescue incident including their predicted positions and their characteristics. (Refer to FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 10-6-4, INFLIGHT CONTINGENCIES.) SURVEILLANCE APPROACH- An instrument approach wherein the air traffic controller issues instructions, for pilot compliance, based on aircraft Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08 PCG S-8 position in relation to the final approach course (azimuth), and the distance (range) from the end of the runway as displayed on the controller's radar scope. The controller will provide recommended altitudes on final approach if requested by the pilot. (Refer to AIM.) SWAP(See SEVERE WEATHER AVOIDANCE PLAN.) SWSL(See SUPPLEMENTAL WEATHER SERVICE LOCATION.) SYSTEM STRATEGIC NAVIGATION- Military activity accomplished by navigating along a preplanned route using internal aircraft systems to maintain a desired track. This activity normally requires a lateral route width of 10 NM and altitude range of 1,000 feet to 6,000 feet AGL with some route segments that permit terrain following. Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08 PCG T-1 T TACAN(See TACTICAL AIR NAVIGATION.) TACAN-ONLY AIRCRAFT- An aircraft, normally military, possessing TACAN with DME but no VOR navigational system capability. Clearances must specify TACAN or VORTAC fixes and approaches. TACTICAL AIR NAVIGATION- An ultra-high frequency electronic rho-theta air navigation aid which provides suitably equipped aircraft a continuous indication of bearing and distance to the TACAN station. (See VORTAC.) (Refer to AIM.) TAILWIND- Any wind more than 90 degrees to the longitudinal axis of the runway. The magnetic direction of the runway shall be used as the basis for determining the longitudinal axis. TAKEOFF AREA(See LANDING AREA.) TAKE-OFF DISTANCE AVAILABLE [ICAO]- The length of the take-off run available plus the length of the clearway, if provided. TAKE-OFF RUN AVAILABLE [ICAO]- The length of runway declared available and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane take-off. TARGET- The indication shown on an analog display resulting from a primary radar return or a radar beacon reply. (See ASSOCIATED.) (See DIGITAL TARGET.) (See DIGITIZED RADAR TARGET.) (See PRIMARY RADAR TARGET.) (See RADAR.) (See SECONDARY RADAR TARGET.) (See TARGET SYMBOL.) (See ICAO term TARGET.) (See UNASSOCIATED.) TARGET [ICAO]- In radar: a. Generally, any discrete object which reflects or retransmits energy back to the radar equipment. b. Specifically, an object of radar search or surveillance. TARGET RESOLUTION- A process to ensure that correlated radar targets do not touch. Target resolution shall be applied as follows: a. Between the edges of two primary targets or the edges of the ASR-9 primary target symbol. b. Between the end of the beacon control slash and the edge of a primary target. c. Between the ends of two beacon control slashes. Note 1:_MANDATORY TRAFFIC ADVISORIES AND SAFETY ALERTS SHALL BE ISSUED WHEN THIS PROCEDURE IS USED. Note 2:_This procedure shall not be provided utilizing mosaic radar systems. TARGET SYMBOL- A computer-generated indication shown on a radar display resulting from a primary radar return or a radar beacon reply. TAS(See TERMINAL AUTOMATION SYSTEMS.) TAWS(See TERRAIN AWARENESS WARNING SYSTEM.) TAXI- The movement of an airplane under its own power on the surface of an airport (14 CFR Section 135.100 [Note]). Also, it describes the surface movement of helicopters equipped with wheels. (See AIR TAXI.) (See HOVER TAXI.) (Refer to 14 CFR Section 135.100.) (Refer to AIM.) TAXI PATTERNS- Patterns established to illustrate the desired flow of ground traffic for the different runways or airport areas available for use. TCAS(See TRAFFIC ALERT AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM.) TCH(See THRESHOLD CROSSING HEIGHT.) TCLT(See TENTATIVE CALCULATED LANDING TIME.) TDLS(See TERMINAL DATA LINK SYSTEM.) Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08 PCG T-2 TDZE(See TOUCHDOWN ZONE ELEVATION.) TELEPHONE INFORMATION BRIEFING SER­ VIC E- A continuous telephone recording of meteorological and/or aeronautical information. (Refer to AIM.) TENTATIVE CALCULATED LANDING TIME- A projected time calculated for adapted vertex for each arrival aircraft based upon runway configuration, airport acceptance rate, airport arrival delay period, and other metered arrival aircraft. This time is either the VTA of the aircraft or the TCLT/ACLT of the previous aircraft plus the AAI, whichever is later. This time will be updated in response to an aircraft's progress and its current relationship to other arrivals. TERMINAL AREA- A general term used to describe airspace in which approach control service or airport traffic control service is provided. TERMINAL AREA FACILITY- A facility providing air traffic control service for arriving and departing IFR, VFR, Special VFR, and on occasion en route aircraft. (See APPROACH CONTROL FACILITY.) (See TOWER.) TERMINAL AUTOMATION SYSTEMS (TAS)- TAS is used to identify the numerous automated tracking systems including ARTS IIE, ARTS IIIA, ARTS IIIE, STARS, and MEARTS. TERMINAL DATA LINK SYSTEM (TDLS)- A system that provides Digital Automatic Terminal Information Service (D-ATIS) both on a specified radio frequency and also, for subscribers, in a text message via data link to the cockpit or to a gate printer. TDLS also provides Pre-departure Clearances (PDC), at selected airports, to subscribers, through a service provider, in text to the cockpit or to a gate printer. In addition, TDLS will emulate the Flight Data Input/Output (FDIO) information within the control tower. TERMINAL RADAR SERVICE AREA- Airspace surrounding designated airports wherein ATC provides radar vectoring, sequencing, and separation on a full-time basis for all IFR and participating VFR aircraft. The AIM contains an explanation of TRSA. TRSAs are depicted on VFR aeronautical charts. Pilot participation is urged but is not mandatory. TERMINAL VFR RADAR SERVICE- A national program instituted to extend the terminal radar services provided instrument flight rules (IFR) aircraft to visual flight rules (VFR) aircraft. The program is divided into four types service referred to as basic radar service, terminal radar service area (TRSA) service, Class B service and Class C service. The type of service provided at a particular location is contained in the Airport/Facility Directory. a. Basic Radar Service- These services are provided for VFR aircraft by all commissioned terminal radar facilities. Basic radar service includes safety alerts, traffic advisories, limited radar vectoring when requested by the pilot, and sequencing at locations where procedures have been established for this purpose and/or when covered by a letter of agreement. The purpose of this service is to adjust the flow of arriving IFR and VFR aircraft into the traffic pattern in a safe and orderly manner and to provide traffic advisories to departing VFR aircraft. b. TRSA Service- This service provides, in addition to basic radar service, sequencing of all IFR and participating VFR aircraft to the primary airport and separation between all participating VFR aircraft. The purpose of this service is to provide separation between all participating VFR aircraft and all IFR aircraft operating within the area defined as a TRSA. c. Class C Service- This service provides, in addition to basic radar service, approved separation between IFR and VFR aircraft, and sequencing of VFR aircraft, and sequencing of VFR arrivals to the primary airport. d. Class B Service- This service provides, in addition to basic radar service, approved separation of aircraft based on IFR, VFR, and/or weight, and sequencing of VFR arrivals to the primary airport(s). (See CONTROLLED AIRSPACE.) (See TERMINAL RADAR SERVICE AREA.) (Refer to AIM.) (Refer to AIRPORT/FACILITY DIRECTORY.) TERMINAL-VERY HIGH FREQUENCY OMNI­ DIRECTIONAL RANGE STATION- A very high frequency terminal omnirange station located on or near an airport and used as an approach aid. (See NAVIGATIONAL AID.) (See VOR.) TERRAIN AWARENESS WARNING SYSTEM (TAWS)- An on-board, terrain proximity alerting Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08 PCG T-3 system providing the aircrew `Low Altitude warnings' to allow immediate pilot action. TERRAIN FOLLOWING- The flight of a military aircraft maintaining a constant AGL altitude above the terrain or the highest obstruction. The altitude of the aircraft will constantly change with the varying terrain and/or obstruction. TETRAHEDRON- A device normally located on uncontrolled airports and used as a landing direction indicator. The small end of a tetrahedron points in the direction of landing. At controlled airports, the tetrahedron, if installed, should be disregarded because tower instructions supersede the indicator. (See SEGMENTED CIRCLE.) (Refer to AIM.) TF(See TERRAIN FOLLOWING.) THAT IS CORRECT- The understanding you have is right. 360 OVERHEAD(See OVERHEAD MANEUVER.) THRESHOLD- The beginning of that portion of the runway usable for landing. (See AIRPORT LIGHTING.) (See DISPLACED THRESHOLD.) THRESHOLD CROSSING HEIGHT- The theoretical height above the runway threshold at which the aircraft's glideslope antenna would be if the aircraft maintains the trajectory established by the mean ILS glideslope or MLS glidepath. (See GLIDESLOPE.) (See THRESHOLD.) THRESHOLD LIGHTS(See AIRPORT LIGHTING.) TIBS(See TELEPHONE INFORMATION BRIEFING SERVICE.) TIME GROUP- Four digits representing the hour and minutes from the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) clock. FAA uses UTC for all operations. The term “ZULU” may be used to denote UTC. The word “local” or the time zone equivalent shall be used to denote local when local time is given during radio and telephone communications. When written, a time zone designator is used to indicate local time; e.g. “0205M” (Mountain). The local time may be based on the 24-hour clock system. The day begins at 0000 and ends at 2359. TMA(See TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT ADVISOR.) TMPA(See TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ALERT.) TMU(See TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT UNIT.) TODA [ICAO]- (See ICAO Term TAKE-OFF DISTANCE AVAILABLE.) TORA [ICAO]- (See ICAO Term TAKE-OFF RUN AVAILABLE.) TORCHING- The burning of fuel at the end of an exhaust pipe or stack of a reciprocating aircraft engine, the result of an excessive richness in the fuel air mixture. TOTAL ESTIMATED ELAPSED TIME [ICAO]- For IFR flights, the estimated time required from take-off to arrive over that designated point, defined by reference to navigation aids, from which it is intended that an instrument approach procedure will be commenced, or, if no navigation aid is associated with the destination aerodrome, to arrive over the destination aerodrom e. For VFR flights, the estimated time required from take-off to arrive over the destination aerodrome. (See ICAO term ESTIMATED ELAPSED TIME.) TOUCH-AND-GO- An operation by an aircraft that lands and departs on a runway without stopping or exiting the runway. TOUCH-AND-GO LANDING(See TOUCH-AND-GO.) TOUCHDOWNa. The point at which an aircraft first makes contact with the landing surface. b. Concerning a precision radar approach (PAR), it is the point where the glide path intercepts the landing surface. (See ICAO term TOUCHDOWN.) Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08 PCG T-4 TOUCHDOWN [ICAO]- The point where the nominal glide path intercepts the runway. Note:_Touchdown as defined above is only a datum and is not necessarily the actual point at which the aircraft will touch the runway. TOUCHDOWN RVR(See VISIBILITY.) TOUCHDOWN ZONE- The first 3,000 feet of the runway beginning at the threshold. The area is used for determination of Touchdown Zone Elevation in the development of straight-in landing minimums for instrument approaches. (See ICAO term TOUCHDOWN ZONE.) TOUCHDOWN ZONE [ICAO]- The portion of a runway, beyond the threshold, where it is intended landing aircraft first contact the runway. TOUCHDOWN ZONE ELEVATION- The highest elevation in the first 3,000 feet of the landing surface. TDZE is indicated on the instrument approach procedure chart when straight-in landing minimums are authorized. (See TOUCHDOWN ZONE.) TOUCHDOWN ZONE LIGHTING(See AIRPORT LIGHTING.) TOWER- A terminal facility that uses air/ground communications, visual signaling, and other devices to provide ATC services to aircraft operating in the vicinity of an airport or on the movement area. Authorizes aircraft to land or takeoff at the airport controlled by the tower or to transit the Class D airspace area regardless of flight plan or weather conditions (IFR or VFR). A tower may also provide approach control services (radar or nonradar). (See AIRPORT TRAFFIC CONTROL SERVICE.) (See APPROACH CONTROL FACILITY.) (See APPROACH CONTROL SERVICE.) (See MOVEMENT AREA.) (See TOWER EN ROUTE CONTROL SERVICE.) (See ICAO term AERODROME CONTROL TOWER.) (Refer to AIM.) TOWER EN ROUTE CONTROL SERVICE- The control of IFR en route traffic within delegated airspace between two or more adjacent approach control facilities. This service is designed to expedite traffic and reduce control and pilot communication requirements. TOWER TO TOWER(See TOWER EN ROUTE CONTROL SERVICE.) TPX-42- A numeric beacon decoder equipment/ system. It is designed to be added to terminal radar systems for beacon decoding. It provides rapid target identification, reinforcement of the primary radar target, and altitude information from Mode C. (See AUTOMATED RADAR TERMINAL SYSTEMS.) (See TRANSPONDER.) TRACEABLE PRESSURE STANDARD- The facility station pressure instrument, with certification/calibration traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Traceable pressure standards may be mercurial barometers, commissioned ASOS or dual transducer AWOS, or portable pressure standards or DASI. TRACK- The actual flight path of an aircraft over the surface of the earth. (See COURSE.) (See FLIGHT PATH.) (See ROUTE.) (See ICAO term TRACK.) TRACK [ICAO]- The projection on the earth's surface of the path of an aircraft, the direction of which path at any point is usually expressed in degrees from North (True, Magnetic, or Grid). TRAFFICa. A term used by a controller to transfer radar identification of an aircraft to another controller for the purpose of coordinating separation action. Traffic is normally issued: 1. In response to a handoff or point out, 2. In anticipation of a handoff or point out, or 3. In conjunction with a request for control of an aircraft. b. A term used by ATC to refer to one or more aircraft. TRAFFIC ADVISORIES- Advisories issued to alert pilots to other known or observed air traffic which may be in such proximity to the position or intended route of flight of their aircraft to warrant their attention. Such advisories may be based on: a. Visual observation. Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08 PCG T-5 b. Observation of radar identified and nonidentified aircraft targets on an ATC radar display, or c. Verbal reports from pilots or other facilities. Note 1:_The word “traffic” followed by additional information, if known, is used to provide such advisories; e.g., “Traffic, 2 o'clock, one zero miles, southbound, eight thousand.” Note 2:_Traffic advisory service will be provided to the extent possible depending on higher priority duties of the controller or other limitations; e.g., radar limitations, volume of traffic, frequency congestion, or controller workload. Radar/ nonradar traffic advisories do not relieve the pilot of his/her responsibility to see and avoid other aircraft. Pilots are cautioned that there are many times when the controller is not able to give traffic advisories concerning all traffic in the aircraft's proximity; in other words, when a pilot requests or is receiving traffic advisories, he/she should not assume that all traffic will be issued. (Refer to AIM.) TRAFFIC ALERT (aircraft call sign), TURN (left/right) IMMEDIATELY, (climb/descend) AND MAINTAIN (altitude). (See SAFETY ALERT.) TRAFFIC ALERT AND COLLISION AVOID­ ANCE SYSTEM- An airborne collision avoidance system based on radar beacon signals which operates independent of ground-based equipment. TCAS-I generates traffic advisories only. TCAS-II generates traffic advisories, and resolution (collision avoidance) advisories in the vertical plane. TRAFFIC INFORMATION(See TRAFFIC ADVISORIES.) TRAFFIC IN SIGHT- Used by pilots to inform a controller that previously issued traffic is in sight. (See NEGATIVE CONTACT.) (See TRAFFIC ADVISORIES.) TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT ADVISOR (TMA)- A computerized tool which assists Traffic Management Coordinators to efficiently schedule arrival traffic to a metered airport, by calculating meter fix times and delays then sending that information to the sector controllers. TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ALERT- A term used in a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) issued in conjunction with a special traffic management program to alert pilots to the existence of the program and to refer them to either the Notices to Airmen publication or a special traffic management program advisory message for program details. The contraction TMPA is used in NOTAM text. TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT UNIT- The entity in ARTCCs and designated terminals directly involved in the active management of facility traffic. Usually under the direct supervision of an assistant manager for traffic management. TRAFFIC NO FACTOR- Indicates that the traffic described in a previously issued traffic advisory is no factor. TRAFFIC NO LONGER OBSERVED- Indicates that the traffic described in a previously issued traffic advisory is no longer depicted on radar, but may still be a factor. TRAFFIC PATTERN- The traffic flow that is prescribed for aircraft landing at, taxiing on, or taking off from an airport. The components of a typical traffic pattern are upwind leg, crosswind leg, downwind leg, base leg, and final approach. a. Upwind Leg- A flight path parallel to the landing runway in the direction of landing. b. Crosswind Leg- A flight path at right angles to the landing runway off its upwind end. c. Downwind Leg- A flight path parallel to the landing runway in the direction opposite to landing. The downwind leg normally extends between the crosswind leg and the base leg. d. Base Leg- A flight path at right angles to the landing runway off its approach end. The base leg normally extends from the downwind leg to the intersection of the extended runway centerline. e. Final Approach. A flight path in the direction of landing along the extended runway centerline. The final approach normally extends from the base leg to the runway. An aircraft making a straight-in approach VFR is also considered to be on final approach. (See STRAIGHT-IN APPROACH VFR.) (See TAXI PATTERNS.) (See ICAO term AERODROME TRAFFIC CIRCUIT.) (Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.) (Refer to AIM.) TRAFFIC SITUATION DISPLAY (TSD)- TSD is a computer system that receives radar track data from all 20 CONUS ARTCCs, organizes this data into a mosaic display, and presents it on a computer screen. Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08 PCG T-6 The display allows the traffic management coordinator multiple methods of selection and highlighting of individual aircraft or groups of aircraft. The user has the option of superimposing these aircraft positions over any number of background displays. These background options include ARTCC boundaries, any stratum of en route sector boundaries, fixes, airways, military and other special use airspace, airports, and geopolitical boundaries. By using the TSD, a coordinator can monitor any number of traffic situations or the entire systemwide traffic flows. TRAJECTORY- A URET representation of the path an aircraft is predicted to fly based upon a Current Plan or Trial Plan. (See USER REQUEST EVALUATION TOOL.) TRAJECTORY MODELING- The automated process of calculating a trajectory. TRANSCRIBED WEATHER BROADCAST- A continuous recording of meteorological and aeronautical information that is broadcast on L/MF and VOR facilities for pilots. (Provided only in Alaska.) (Refer to AIM.) TRANSFER OF CONTROL- That action whereby the responsibility for the separation of an aircraft is transferred from one controller to another. (See ICAO term TRANSFER OF CONTROL.) TRANSFER OF CONTROL [ICAO]- Transfer of responsibility for providing air traffic control service. TRANSFERRING CONTROLLER- A controller/ facility transferring control of an aircraft to another controller/facility. (See ICAO term TRANSFERRING UNIT/CONTROLLER.) TRANSFERRING FACILITY(See TRANSFERRING CONTROLLER.) TRANSFERRING UNIT/CONTROLLER [ICAO]- Air traffic control unit/air traffic controller in the process of transferring the responsibility for providing air traffic control service to an aircraft to the next air traffic control unit/air traffic controller along the route of flight. Note:_See definition of accepting unit/controller. TRANSITIONa. The general term that describes the change from one phase of flight or flight condition to another; e.g., transition from en route flight to the approach or transition from instrument flight to visual flight. b. A published procedure (DP Transition) used to connect the basic DP to one of several en route airways/jet routes, or a published procedure (STAR Transition) used to connect one of several en route airways/jet routes to the basic STAR. (Refer to DP/STAR Charts.) TRANSITION POINT- A point at an adapted number of miles from the vertex at which an arrival aircraft would normally commence descent from its en route altitude. This is the first fix adapted on the arrival speed segments. TRANSITION WAYPOINT- The waypoint that defines the beginning of a runway or en route transition on an RNAV SID or STAR. TRANSITIONAL AIRSPACE- That portion of controlled airspace wherein aircraft change from one phase of flight or flight condition to another. TRANSMISSOMETER- An apparatus used to determine visibility by measuring the transmission of light through the atmosphere. It is the measurement source for determining runway visual range (RVR) and runway visibility value (RVV). (See VISIBILITY.) TRANSMITTING IN THE BLIND- A transmission from one station to other stations in circumstances where two-way communication cannot be established, but where it is believed that the called stations may be able to receive the transmission. TRANSPONDER- The airborne radar beacon receiver/transmitter portion of the Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS) which automatically receives radio signals from interrogators on the ground, and selectively replies with a specific reply pulse or pulse group only to those interrogations being received on the mode to which it is set to respond. (See INTERROGATOR.) (See ICAO term TRANSPONDER.) (Refer to AIM.) TRANSPONDER [ICAO]- A receiver/transmitter which will generate a reply signal upon proper interrogation; the interrogation and reply being on different frequencies. TRANSPONDER CODES(See CODES.) Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08 PCG T-7 TRIAL PLAN- A proposed amendment which utilizes automation to analyze and display potential conflicts along the predicted trajectory of the selected aircraft. TRSA(See TERMINAL RADAR SERVICE AREA.) TSD(See TRAFFIC SITUATION DISPLAY.) TURBOJET AIRCRAFT- An aircraft having a jet engine in which the energy of the jet operates a turbine which in turn operates the air compressor. TURBOPROP AIRCRAFT- An aircraft having a jet engine in which the energy of the jet operates a turbine which drives the propeller. TURN ANTICIPATION- (maneuver anticipation). TVOR(See TERMINAL-VERY HIGH FREQUENCY OMNIDIRECTIONAL RANGE STATION.) TWEB(See TRANSCRIBED WEATHER BROADCAST.) TWO-WAY RADIO COMMUNICATIONS FAIL­ URE(See LOST COMMUNICATIONS.) JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 -2 Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08 PCG U-1

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U UDF(See DIRECTION FINDER.) UHF(See ULTRAHIGH FREQUENCY.) ULTRAHIGH FREQUENCY- The frequency band between 300 and 3,000 MHz. The bank of radio frequencies used for military air/ground voice communications. In some instances this may go as low as 225 MHz and still be referred to as UHF. ULTRALIGHT VEHICLE- An aeronautical vehicle operated for sport or recreational purposes which does not require FAA registration, an airworthiness certificate, nor pilot certification. They are primarily single occupant vehicles, although some two-place vehicles are authorized for training purposes. Operation of an ultralight vehicle in certain airspace requires authorization from ATC. (Refer to 14 CFR Part 103.) UNABLE- Indicates inability to comply with a specific instruction, request, or clearance. UNASSOCIATED- A radar target that does not display a data block with flight identification and altitude information. (See ASSOCIATED.) UNDER THE HOOD- Indicates that the pilot is using a hood to restrict visibility outside the cockpit while simulating instrument flight. An appropriately rated pilot is required in the other control seat while this operation is being conducted. (Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.) UNFROZEN- The Scheduled Time of Arrival (STA) tags, which are still being rescheduled by traffic management advisor (TMA) calculations. The aircraft will remain unfrozen until the time the corresponding estimated time of arrival (ETA) tag passes the preset freeze horizon for that aircraft's stream class. At this point the automatic rescheduling will stop, and the STA becomes “frozen.” UNICOM- A nongovernment communication facility which may provide airport information at certain airports. Locations and frequencies of UNICOMs are shown on aeronautical charts and publications. (See AIRPORT/FACILITY DIRECTORY.) (Refer to AIM.) UNPUBLISHED ROUTE- A route for which no minimum altitude is published or charted for pilot use. It may include a direct route between NAVAIDs, a radial, a radar vector, or a final approach course beyond the segments of an instrument approach procedure. (See PUBLISHED ROUTE.) (See ROUTE.) UNRELIABLE (GPS/WAAS)- An advisory to pilots indicating the expected level of service of the GPS and/or WAAS may not be available. Pilots must then determine the adequacy of the signal for desired use. UPWIND LEG(See TRAFFIC PATTERN.) URET(See USER REQUEST EVALUATION TOOL.) URGENCY- A condition of being concerned about safety and of requiring timely but not immediate assistance; a potential distress condition. (See ICAO term URGENCY.) URGENCY [ICAO]- A condition concerning the safety of an aircraft or other vehicle, or of person on board or in sight, but which does not require immediate assistance. USAFIB(See ARMY AVIATION FLIGHT INFORMATION BULLETIN.) USER REQUEST EVALUATION TOOL (URET)- User Request Evaluation Tool is an automated tool provided at each Radar Associate position in selected En Route facilities. This tool utilizes flight and radar data to determine present and future trajectories for all active and proposal aircraft and provides enhanced, automated flight data management. UVDF(See DIRECTION FINDER.) JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 -2 Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08 PCG V-1 V VASI(See VISUAL APPROACH SLOPE INDICATOR.) VCOA(See VISUAL CLIMB OVER AIRPORT.) VDF(See DIRECTION FINDER.) VDP(See VISUAL DESCENT POINT.) VECTOR- A heading issued to an aircraft to provide navigational guidance by radar. (See ICAO term RADAR VECTORING.) VERIFY- Request confirmation of information; e.g., “verify assigned altitude.” VERIFY SPECIFIC DIRECTION OF TAKEOFF (OR TURNS AFTER TAKEOFF)- Used by ATC to ascertain an aircraft's direction of takeoff and/or direction of turn after takeoff. It is normally used for IFR departures from an airport not having a control tower. When direct communication with the pilot is not possible, the request and information may be relayed through an FSS, dispatcher, or by other means. (See IFR TAKEOFF MINIMUMS AND DEPARTURE PROCEDURES.) VERTEX- The last fix adapted on the arrival speed segments. Normally, it will be the outer marker of the runway in use. However, it may be the actual threshold or other suitable common point on the approach path for the particular runway configuration. VERTEX TIME OF ARRIVAL- A calculated time of aircraft arrival over the adapted vertex for the runway configuration in use. The time is calculated via the optimum flight path using adapted speed segments. VERTICAL NAVIGATION (VNAV)– A function of area navigation (RNAV) equipment which calculates, displays, and provides vertical guidance to a profile or path. VERTICAL SEPARATION- Separation established by assignment of different altitudes or flight levels. (See SEPARATION.) (See ICAO term VERTICAL SEPARATION.) VERTICAL SEPARATION [ICAO]- Separation between aircraft expressed in units of vertical distance. VERTICAL TAKEOFF AND LANDING AIR­ CRAFT- Aircraft capable of vertical climbs and/or descents and of using very short runways or small areas for takeoff and landings. These aircraft include, but are not limited to, helicopters. (See SHORT TAKEOFF AND LANDING AIRCRAFT.) VERY HIGH FREQUENCY- The frequency band between 30 and 300 MHz. Portions of this band, 108 to 118 MHz, are used for certain NAVAIDs; 118 to 136 MHz are used for civil air/ground voice communications. Other frequencies in this band are used for purposes not related to air traffic control. VERY HIGH FREQUENCY OMNIDIRECTION­ AL RANGE STATION(See VOR.) VERY LOW FREQUENCY- The frequency band between 3 and 30 kHz. VFR(See VISUAL FLIGHT RULES.) VFR AIRCRAFT- An aircraft conducting flight in accordance with visual flight rules. (See VISUAL FLIGHT RULES.) VFR CONDITIONS- Weather conditions equal to or better than the minimum for flight under visual flight rules. The term may be used as an ATC clearance/instruction only when: a. An IFR aircraft requests a climb/descent in VFR conditions. b. The clearance will result in noise abatement benefits where part of the IFR departure route does not conform to an FAA approved noise abatement route or altitude. c. A pilot has requested a practice instrument approach and is not on an IFR flight plan. Note:_All pilots receiving this authorization must comply with the VFR visibility and distance from cloud criteria in 14 CFR Part 91. Use of the term does not relieve controllers of their responsibility to separate aircraft in Class B and Class C airspace or TRSAs as required by FAAO JO 7110.65. When Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08 PCG V-2 used as an ATC clearance/instruction, the term may be abbreviated “VFR;” e.g., “MAINTAIN VFR,” “CLIMB/DESCEND VFR,” etc. VFR FLIGHT(See VFR AIRCRAFT.) VFR MILITARY TRAINING ROUTES- Routes used by the Department of Defense and associated Reserve and Air Guard units for the purpose of conducting low-altitude navigation and tactical training under VFR below 10,000 feet MSL at airspeeds in excess of 250 knots IAS. VFR NOT RECOMMENDED- An advisory provided by a flight service station to a pilot during a preflight or inflight weather briefing that flight under visual flight rules is not recommended. To be given when the current and/or forecast weather conditions are at or below VFR minimums. It does not abrogate the pilot's authority to make his/her own decision. VFR-ON-TOP- ATC authorization for an IFR aircraft to operate in VFR conditions at any appropriate VFR altitude (as specified in 14 CFR and as restricted by ATC). A pilot receiving this authorization must comply with the VFR visibility, distance from cloud criteria, and the minimum IFR altitudes specified in 14 CFR Part 91. The use of this term does not relieve controllers of their responsibility to separate aircraft in Class B and Class C airspace or TRSAs as required by FAAO JO 7110.65. VFR TERMINAL AREA CHARTS(See AERONAUTICAL CHART.) VFR WAYPOINT(See WAYPOINT.) VHF(See VERY HIGH FREQUENCY.) VHF OMNIDIRECTIONAL RANGE/TACTICAL AIR NAVIGATION(See VORTAC.) VIDEO MAP- An electronically displayed map on the radar display that may depict data such as airports, heliports, runway centerline extensions, hospital emergency landing areas, NAVAIDs and fixes, reporting points, airway/route centerlines, boundaries, handoff points, special use tracks, obstructions, prominent geographic features, map alignment indicators, range accuracy marks, minimum vectoring altitudes. VIS IBILITY- The ability, as determ ined by atmospheric conditions and expressed in units of distance, to see and identify prominent unlighted objects by day and prominent lighted objects by night. Visibility is reported as statute miles, hundreds of feet or meters. (Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.) (Refer to AIM.) a. Flight Visibility- The average forward horizontal distance, from the cockpit of an aircraft in flight, at which prominent unlighted objects may be seen and identified by day and prominent lighted objects may be seen and identified by night. b. Ground Visibility- Prevailing horizontal visibility near the earth's surface as reported by the United States National Weather Service or an accredited observer. c. Prevailing Visibility- The greatest horizontal visibility equaled or exceeded throughout at least half the horizon circle which need not necessarily be continuous. d. Runway Visibility Value (RVV)- The visibility determined for a particular runway by a transmissometer. A meter provides a continuous indication of the visibility (reported in miles or fractions of miles) for the runway. RVV is used in lieu of prevailing visibility in determining minimums for a particular runway. e. Runway Visual Range (RVR)- An instrumentally derived value, based on standard calibrations, that represents the horizontal distance a pilot will see down the runway from the approach end. It is based on the sighting of either high intensity runway lights or on the visual contrast of other targets whichever yields the greater visual range. RVR, in contrast to prevailing or runway visibility, is based on what a pilot in a moving aircraft should see looking down the runway. RVR is horizontal visual range, not slant visual range. It is based on the measurement of a transmissometer made near the touchdown point of the instrument runway and is reported in hundreds of feet. RVR is used in lieu of RVV and/or prevailing visibility in determining minimums for a particular runway. 1. Touchdown RVR- The RVR visibility readout values obtained from RVR equipment serving the runway touchdown zone. Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08 PCG V-3 2. Mid-RVR- The RVR readout values obtained from RVR equipment located midfield of the runway. 3. Rollout RVR- The RVR readout values obtained from RVR equipment located nearest the rollout end of the runway. (See ICAO term FLIGHT VISIBILITY.) (See ICAO term GROUND VISIBILITY.) (See ICAO term RUNWAY VISUAL RANGE.) (See ICAO term VISIBILITY.) VISIBILITY [ICAO]- The ability, as determined by atmospheric conditions and expressed in units of distance, to see and identify prominent unlighted objects by day and prominent lighted objects by night. a. Flight Visibility-The visibility forward from the cockpit of an aircraft in flight. b. Ground Visibility-The visibility at an aerodrome as reported by an accredited observer. c. Runway Visual Range [RVR]-The range over which the pilot of an aircraft on the centerline of a runway can see the runway surface markings or the lights delineating the runway or identifying its centerline. VISUAL APPROACH- An approach conducted on an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan which authorizes the pilot to proceed visually and clear of clouds to the airport. The pilot must, at all times, have either the airport or the preceding aircraft in sight. This approach must be authorized and under the control of the appropriate air traffic control facility. Reported weather at the airport must be ceiling at or above 1,000 feet and visibility of 3 miles or greater. (See ICAO term VISUAL APPROACH.) VISUAL APPROACH [ICAO]- An approach by an IFR flight when either part or all of an instrument approach procedure is not completed and the approach is executed in visual reference to terrain. VISUAL APPROACH SLOPE INDICATOR(See AIRPORT LIGHTING.) VISUAL CLIMB OVER AIRPORT (VCOA)- A departure option for an IFR aircraft, operating in visual meteorological conditions equal to or greater than the specified visibility and ceiling, to visually conduct climbing turns over the airport to the published “climb-to” altitude from which to proceed with the instrument portion of the departure. VCOA procedures are developed to avoid obstacles greater than 3 statute miles from the departure end of the runway as an alternative to complying with climb gradients greater than 200 feet per nautical mile. These procedures are published in the `Take-Off Minimums and (Obstacle) Departure Procedures' section of the Terminal Procedures Publications. (See AIM.) VISUAL DESCENT POINT- A defined point on the final approach course of a nonprecision straight-in approach procedure from which normal descent from the MDA to the runway touchdown point may be commenced, provided the approach threshold of that runway, or approach lights, or other markings identifiable with the approach end of that runway are clearly visible to the pilot. VISUAL FLIGHT RULES- Rules that govern the procedures for conducting flight under visual conditions. The term “VFR” is also used in the United States to indicate weather conditions that are equal to or greater than minimum VFR requirements. In addition, it is used by pilots and controllers to indicate type of flight plan. (See INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES.) (See INSTRUMENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS.) (See VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS.) (Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.) (Refer to AIM.) VISUAL HOLDING- The holding of aircraft at selected, prominent geographical fixes which can be easily recognized from the air. (See HOLDING FIX.) VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS- Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling equal to or better than specified minima. (See INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES.) (See INSTRUMENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS.) (See VISUAL FLIGHT RULES.) VISUAL SEPARATION- A means employed by ATC to separate aircraft in terminal areas and en route airspace in the NAS. There are two ways to effect this separation: a. The tower controller sees the aircraft involved and issues instructions, as necessary, to ensure that the aircraft avoid each other. b. A pilot sees the other aircraft involved and upon instructions from the controller provides his/her own Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08 PCG V-4 separation by maneuvering his/her aircraft as necessary to avoid it. This may involve following another aircraft or keeping it in sight until it is no longer a factor. (See SEE AND AVOID.) (Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.) VLF(See VERY LOW FREQUENCY.) VMC(See VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS.) VOICE SWITCHING AND CONTROL SYSTEM- The VSCS is a computer controlled switching system that provides air traffic controllers with all voice circuits (air to ground and ground to ground) necessary for air traffic control. (See VOICE SWITCHING AND CONTROL SYSTEM.) (Refer to AIM.) VOR- A ground-based electronic navigation aid transmitting very high frequency navigation signals, 360 degrees in azimuth, oriented from magnetic north. Used as the basis for navigation in the National Airspace System. The VOR periodically identifies itself by Morse Code and may have an additional voice identification feature. Voice features may be used by ATC or FSS for transmitting instructions/ information to pilots. (See NAVIGATIONAL AID.) (Refer to AIM.) VOR TEST SIGNAL(See VOT.) VORTAC- A navigation aid providing VOR azimuth, TACAN azimuth, and TACAN distance measuring equipment (DME) at one site. (See DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT.) (See NAVIGATIONAL AID.) (See TACAN.) (See VOR.) (Refer to AIM.) VORTICES- Circular patterns of air created by the movem ent of an airfoil through the air when generating lift. As an airfoil moves through the atmosphere in sustained flight, an area of area of low pressure is created above it. The air flowing from the high pressure area to the low pressure area around and about the tips of the airfoil tends to roll up into two rapidly rotating vortices, cylindrical in shape. These vortices are the most predominant parts of aircraft wake turbulence and their rotational force is dependent upon the wing loading, gross weight, and speed of the generating aircraft. The vortices from medium to heavy aircraft can be of extremely high velocity and hazardous to smaller aircraft. (See AIRCRAFT CLASSES.) (See WAKE TURBULENCE.) (Refer to AIM.) VOT- A ground facility which emits a test signal to check VOR receiver accuracy. Some VOTs are available to the user while airborne, and others are limited to ground use only. (See AIRPORT/FACILITY DIRECTORY.) (Refer to 14 CFR Part 91.) (Refer to AIM.) VR(See VFR MILITARY TRAINING ROUTES.) VSCS(See VOICE SWITCHING AND CONTROL SYSTEM.) VTA(See VERTEX TIME OF ARRIVAL.) VTOL AIRCRAFT(See VERTICAL TAKEOFF AND LANDING AIRCRAFT.) Pilot/Controller Glossary 2/14/08 PCG W-1 W WA(See AIRMET.) (See WEATHER ADVISORY.) WAAS(See WIDE-AREA AUGMENTATION SYSTEM.) WAKE TURBULENCE- Phenomena resulting from the passage of an aircraft through the atmosphere. The term includes vortices, thrust stream turbulence, jet blast, jet wash, propeller wash, and rotor wash both on the ground and in the air. (See AIRCRAFT CLASSES.) (See JET BLAST.) (See VORTICES.) (Refer to AIM.) WARNING AREA(See SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE.) WAYPOINT- A predetermined geographical position used for route/instrument approach definition, progress reports, published VFR routes, visual reporting points or points for transitioning and/or circumnavigating controlled and/or special use airspace, that is defined relative to a VORTAC station or in terms of latitude/longitude coordinates. WEATHER ADVISORY- In aviation weather forecast practice, an expression of hazardous weather conditions not predicted in the area forecast, as they affect the operation of air traffic and as prepared by the NWS. (See AIRMET.) (See SIGMET.) WHEN ABLE- When used in conjunction with ATC instructions, gives the pilot the latitude to delay compliance until a condition or event has been reconciled. Unlike “pilot discretion,” when instructions are prefaced “when able,” the pilot is expected to seek the first opportunity to comply. Once a maneuver has been initiated, the pilot is expected to continue until the specifications of the instructions have been met. “When able,” should not be used when expeditious compliance is required. WIDE-AREA AUGMENTATION SYSTEM (WAAS)- The WAAS is a satellite navigation system consisting of the equipment and software which augments the GPS Standard Positioning Service (SPS). The WAAS provides enhanced integrity, accuracy, availability, and continuity over and above GPS SPS. The differential correction function provides improved accuracy required for precision approach. WILCO- I have received your message, understand it, and will comply with it. WIND GRID DISPLAY- A display that presents the latest forecasted wind data overlaid on a map of the ARTCC area. Wind data is automatically entered and updated periodically by transmissions from the National Weather Service. Winds at specific altitudes, along with temperatures and air pressure can be viewed. WIND SHEAR- A change in wind speed and/or wind direction in a short distance resulting in a tearing or shearing effect. It can exist in a horizontal or vertical direction and occasionally in both. WING TIP VORTICES(See VORTICES.) WORDS TWICEa. As a request: “Communication is difficult. Please say every phrase twice.” b. As information: “Since communications are difficult, every phrase in this message will be spoken twice.” WORLD AERONAUTICAL CHARTS(See AERONAUTICAL CHART.) WS(See SIGMET.) (See WEATHER ADVISORY.) WST(See CONVECTIVE SIGMET.) (See WEATHER ADVISORY.) JO 7110.65S 2/14/08 -2 7/31/08 JO 7110.65S CHG 1 Index I-1 INDEX [References are to page numbers] A Abbreviated Departure Clearance, 4-3-3 Abbreviated Transmissions, 2-4-2 Abbreviations, 1-2-3 Additional Separation for Formation Flights, 5-5-4 Adjacent Airspace, 5-5-5 Adjusted Minimum Flight Level, 4-5-2 Advance Descent Clearance, 4-7-1 Aerial Refueling, 9-2-6 Air Defense Exercise Beacon Code Assignment, 5-2-5 Air Defense Identification Zone (Land Based), 9-2-4 Air Traffic Service (ATS) Routes, 2-5-1 Air Traffic Services Interfacility Data Communications (AIDC), 8-2-1 Airborne Military Flights, 2-2-4 Aircraft Bomb Threats, 10-2-4 Aircraft Carrying Dangerous Materials, 9-2-1 Aircraft Equipment Suffix (Strips), 2-3-10 Aircraft Identification, 2-4-8 Aircraft Identity (Strips), 2-3-9 Aircraft Information (Experimental), Appendix C-1 Aircraft Information (Fixed-Wing), Appendix A-1 Aircraft Information (Helicopters), Appendix B-1 Aircraft Information (Homebuilt), Appendix C-1 Aircraft Information (Rotorcraft), Appendix B-1 Aircraft Orientation, 10-2-1 Aircraft Position Plots, 10-3-2 Aircraft Type (Strips), 2-3-10 Aircraft Types, 2-4-11 Airport Conditions, 3-3-1, 4-7-5 Airport Ground Emergency, 10-1-2 Airport Lighting, 3-4-1 Airport Surface Detection Procedures, 3-6-1 Airspace Classes, 2-4-11 AIT, 5-4-5 Alignment Accuracy Check (Radar), 5-1-1 ALNOT, 10-3-2 ALNOT Cancellation, 10-3-2 ALS Intensity Settings, 3-4-2 ALSF-2/SSALR, 3-4-3 Alternative Routes, 4-4-3 Altimeter Setting (Oceanic), 8-1-1 Altimeter Settings, 2-7-1 Altitude Amendments, 4-2-1 Altitude and Distance Limitations, 4-1-1 Altitude Assignment and Verification, 4-5-1 Altitude Assignment for Military High Altitude Instrument Approaches, 4-8-5 Altitude Confirmation - Mode C, 5-2-7 Altitude Confirmation - Non-Mode C, 5-2-7 Altitude Confirmation - Nonradar, 4-5-7 Altitude Filters (Beacon), 5-2-9 Altitude for Direction of Flight (IFR), 4-5-1 Altitude for Direction of Flight (OTP), 7-3-2 Altitude Instructions, 4-5-3 Altitude Restricted Low Approach, 3-10-8 ALTRV Clearance, 4-2-2 ALTRV Information, 2-2-2 Annotations, 1-2-3 Anticipated Altitude Changes, 4-5-7 Anticipating Separation (ATCT - Arrival), 3-10-7 Anticipating Separation (ATCT - Departure), 3-9-4 Approach Clearance Information, 4-8-6 Approach Clearance Procedures, 4-8-1 Approach Control Service for VFR Arriving Aircraft, 7-1-1 Approach Information (Arrivals), 4-7-4 Approach Lights, 3-4-2 Approach Separation Responsibility, 5-9-5 Approaches to Multiple Runways (Visual), 7-4-2 Arctic CTA, 8-10-1 Arresting System Operations, 3-3-3 Arrival Information, 4-7-3 Arrival Information by Approach Control Facilities, 4-7-5 7/31/08 JO 7110.65S CHG 1 Index I-2 [References are to page numbers] Arrival Instructions (Radar), 5-9-2 Arrival Procedures, 4-7-1 Arrival Procedures and Separation (ATCT), 3-10-1 Arrivals on Parallel or Nonintersecting Diverging Runways (Radar), 5-8-3 ARTS, 5-15-1 ATC Assigned Airspace, 9-3-1 ATC Service, 2-1-1 ATIS Application, 2-9-1 ATIS Content, 2-9-2 ATIS Procedures, 2-9-1 Authorized Interruptions, 2-4-1 Authorized Relays, 2-4-2 Authorized Transmissions, 2-4-1 Automated Information Transfer, 5-4-5 Automated Radar Terminal Systems - Terminal, 5-15-1 Automatic Altitude Reporting, 5-2-8 Automation - En Route, 5-14-1 Avoidance of Areas of Nuclear Radiation, 9-2-8 AWACS Special Flights, 9-2-9 B Balloons, Unmanned Free, 9-6-1 Beacon Code for Pressure Suit Flights and Flights Above FL 600, 5-2-4 Beacon Code Monitor, 5-2-5 Beacon Identification Methods, 5-3-1 Beacon Range Accuracy, 5-1-2 Beacon Systems, 5-2-1 Beacon Target Displacement, 5-5-6 Beacon Termination, 5-2-9 Below Minima Report by Pilot, 4-7-4 Braking Action, 3-3-2 Braking Action Advisories, 3-3-2 C Calm Wind Conditions, 2-6-4 Canadian Airspace Procedures, 12-1-1 Cancellation of Takeoff Clearance, 3-9-9 Caribbean ICAO Region, 8-8-1 Celestial Navigation Training, 9-2-1 Charted Visual Flight Procedures, 7-4-3 Circling Approach, 4-8-5 Class A Airspace Restrictions, 7-1-1 Class B Separation, 7-9-2 Class B Service Area (Terminal), 7-9-1 Class C Separation, 7-8-1 Class C Service (Terminal), 7-8-1 Clearance Beyond Fix, 4-6-2 Clearance Delivery Instructions, 4-2-1 Clearance for Visual Approach, 7-4-1 Clearance Information (Arrivals), 4-7-1 Clearance Items, 4-2-1 Clearance Items (Airfile), 4-2-3 Clearance Limit, 4-8-5 Clearance Prefix, 4-2-1 Clearance Relay, 4-2-1 Clearance Status (Strips), 2-3-10 Clearance to Holding Fix, 4-6-1 Clearance Void Times, 4-3-5 Closed Runway Information, 3-3-1 Closed Traffic, 3-10-8 Coast Tracks, 5-14-2 Communications Failure, 10-4-1 Communications Release (Approaches), 4-8-6 Composite Separation Minima (Oceanic), 8-9-2 Computer Entry of Assigned Altitude, 5-14-2 Computer Message Verification, 2-2-2 Conflict Alert (Host), 5-14-1 Conflict Alert/Mode C Intruder (MCI) (ARTS), 5-15-2 Constraints Governing Supplements and Procedural Deviations, 1-1-2 Contact Approach, 7-4-3 7/31/08 JO 7110.65S CHG 1 Index I-3 [References are to page numbers] Control Estimates, 8-1-1 Control Symbology (Strip), 2-3-10 Control Transfer, 2-1-7 Controller Initiated Coast Tracks, 5-14-2 Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC), 2-4-4, 4-5-4, 13-2-3 Coordinate Use of Airspace, 2-1-7 Coordination Between Local and Ground Controllers, 3-1-2 Coordination with Receiving Facility (Departures), 4-3-6 Course Definitions, 1-2-2 Crossing Altitude, 4-1-2 CVFP, 7-4-3 D Decision Support Tools, 13-1-1 Degree - Distance Route Definition for Military Operations, 4-4-2 Delay Sequencing (Departures), 4-3-6 Department of Energy Special Flights, 9-2-1 Departure and Arrival (Radar Separation), 5-8-3 Departure Clearances, 4-3-1 Departure Control Instructions (ATCT), 3-9-2 Departure Delay Information (ATCT), 3-9-1 Departure Information (ATCT), 3-9-1 Departure Procedures, 4-3-1 Departure Procedures and Separation (ATCT), 3-9-1 Departure Restrictions, 4-3-5 Departure Terminology, 4-3-1 Departures on Parallel or Nonintersecting Diverging Runways (Radar), 5-8-3 Deviation Advisories (Protected Airspace), 5-1-4 Discrete Environment (Beacon), 5-2-1 Disseminating Weather Information, 2-6-4 DOE, 9-2-1 Duty Priority, 2-1-1 E E-MSAW, 5-14-1 Edge of Scope, 5-5-5 Electronic Attack (EA) Activity, 5-1-2 Electronic Cursor, 5-1-3 ELP Operations, 3-10-10 ELT, 10-2-3 Emergencies, 10-1-1 Emergencies Involving Military Fighter-Type Aircraft, 10-1-2 Emergency Airport Recommendation, 10-2-6 Emergency Assistance, 10-2-1 Emergency Code Assignment, 5-2-3 Emergency Control Actions, 10-4-1 Emergency Landing Pattern (ELP) Operations, 3-10-10 Emergency Lighting, 3-4-1 Emergency Locator Transmitter Signals, 10-2-3 Emergency Obstruction Video Map, 10-2-6 Emergency Procedures (Oceanic), 10-6-1 Emergency Situations, 10-2-1 Emphasis for Clarity, 2-4-4 En Route Data Entries (Strips), 2-3-3 En Route Fourth Line Data Block Usage, 5-4-6 En Route Minimum Safe Altitude Warning, 5-14-1 En Route Sector Team Responsibilities, 2-10-1 Entry of Reported Altitude, 5-14-2 EOVM, 10-2-6 Equipment on Runways, 3-1-2 Establishing Two-Way Communications (Class D), 3-1-5 Evasive Action Maneuvers, 9-2-9 Expeditious Compliance, 2-1-3 Experimental Aircraft Operations, 9-2-2 Explosive Cargo, 10-5-1 Explosive Detection K-9 Teams, 10-2-5 7/31/08 JO 7110.65S CHG 1 Index I-4 [References are to page numbers] F FAA Research and Development Flights, 9-2-2 Facility Identification, 2-4-8 Failed Transponder in Class A Airspace, 5-2-6 Failure to Display Assigned Beacon Code, 5-2-6 False or Deceptive Communications, 2-4-1 Far Field Monitor (FFM) Remote Status Unit, 3-3-4 Final Approach Course Interception, 5-9-1 Final Approach Obstacle Clearance Surfaces (OCS), 3-7-5 Fix Use, 4-1-2 Flight Check Aircraft, 9-1-1 Flight Direction Exceptions, 4-5-2 Flight Plans and Control Information, 2-2-1 Flight Progress Strips, 2-3-1 FLYNET, 9-2-2 Formation Flight Additional Separation, 5-5-4 Formation Flights, 2-1-6 Forward Departure Delay Information, 4-3-6 Forwarding Amended and UTM Data, 2-2-3 Forwarding Approach Information by Nonapproach Control Facilities, 3-10-1 Forwarding Departure Times, 4-3-7 Forwarding Flight Plan Data Between U.S. ARTCCs and Canadian ACCs, 2-2-4 Forwarding Information, 2-2-1 Forwarding VFR Data, 2-2-1 Fuel Dumping, 9-4-1 Function Code Assignments, 5-2-2

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185#
发表于 2008-12-21 19:27:49 |只看该作者
G GPA 102/103 Correction Factor, 5-5-6 Ground Missile Emergencies, 10-7-1 Ground Operations, 3-7-3 Ground Operations When Volcanic Ash is Present, 3-1-6 Ground Stop, 4-3-6 Ground Traffic Movement, 3-7-1 H Helicopter Arrival Separation, 3-11-3 Helicopter Departure Separation, 3-11-2 Helicopter Landing Clearance, 3-11-4 Helicopter Operations, 3-11-1 Helicopter Takeoff Clearance, 3-11-1 High Intensity Runway Lights, 3-4-4 High Speed Turnoff Lights, 3-4-5 Hijacked Aircraft, 10-2-2 HIRL, 3-4-4 HIRL Associated with MALSR, 3-4-4 HIRL Changes Affecting RVR, 3-4-4 HIWAS, 2-6-1 Hold for Release, 4-3-5 Holding Aircraft, 4-6-1 Holding Delays, 4-6-2 Holding Flight Path Deviation, 4-6-3 Holding Instructions, 4-6-3 Holding Pattern Surveillance, 5-1-4 Holding Points (Visual), 4-6-3

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186#
发表于 2008-12-21 19:27:59 |只看该作者
I ICAO Phonetics, 2-4-5 IFR - VFR Flights, 4-2-3 IFR Flight Progress Data, 2-2-1 IFR to VFR Flight Plan Change, 2-2-1 ILS Protection/Critical Areas (Holding), 4-6-3 Inflight Deviations from Transponder/Mode C Requirements Between 10,000 Feet and 18,000_Feet, 5-2-8 Inflight Equipment Malfunctions, 2-1-4 Inhibiting Low Altitude Alert System (TPX-42), 5-16-1 Inhibiting Minimum Safe Altitude Warning (ARTS), 5-15-2 Initial Heading, 5-8-1 Inoperative Interrogator, 5-2-6 Inoperative/Malfunctioning Transponder, 5-2-6 Interceptor Operations, 9-2-4 7/31/08 JO 7110.65S CHG 1 Index I-5 [References are to page numbers] Interfacility Automated Information Transfer, 5-4-5 Interphone Message Format, 2-4-3 Interphone Message Termination, 2-4-4 Interphone Transmission Priorities, 2-4-2 Intersecting Runway Separation (Arrival), 3-10-3 Intersecting Runway Separation (Departure), 3-9-7 J Jettisoning of External Stores, 9-5-1 K K-9 Teams, 10-2-5 L LAAS, 5-16-1 Landing Area Condition, 3-3-1 Landing Clearance, 3-10-6 Landing Clearance Without Visual Observation, 3-10-7 Landing Information (ATCT), 3-10-1 Lateral Separation (Nonradar), 6-5-1 Lateral Separation (Oceanic), 8-4-1 Law Enforcement Operations by Civil and Military Organizations, 9-2-5 Light Signals (ATCT), 3-2-1 Longitudinal Separation (Nonradar), 6-4-1 Longitudinal Separation (Oceanic), 8-3-1 Low Approach, 4-8-7 Low Level Wind Shear/Microburst Advisories, 3-1-3 Lowest Usable Flight Level, 4-5-2

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187#
发表于 2008-12-21 19:28:06 |只看该作者
M Mach Number Technique, 8-3-2 Malfunctioning Interrogator, 5-2-6 MALSR/ODALS, 3-4-2 Man-Portable Air Defense Systems (MANPADS) Alert, 10-2-5 Manual Input of Computer Assigned Beacon Codes, 2-2-2 Medium Intensity Runway Lights, 3-4-4 Merging Target Procedures, 5-1-3 Military DVFR Departures, 2-2-1 Military Operations above FL 600, 9-2-7 Military Procedures, 2-1-6 Military Single Frequency Approaches, 5-10-5 Military Special Use Frequencies, 9-2-8 Military Training Routes, 9-2-2 Minimum En Route Altitudes, 4-5-2 Minimum Fuel, 2-1-4 MIRL, 3-4-4 Missed Approach, 4-8-6 Missed Approach (Radar Approach), 5-10-4 Mixed Environment (Beacon), 5-2-2 Mode C Intruder Alert (Host), 5-14-1 Monitoring Radios, 2-4-1 MSAW, 5-15-2 N NAVAID Fixes, 2-5-2 NAVAID Malfunctions, 2-1-5 NAVAID Terms, 2-5-1 NAVAID Use Limitations, 4-1-1 Navy Fleet Support Missions, 10-5-1 No-Gyro Approach, 5-10-2 Nondiscrete Environment (Beacon), 5-2-1 Nonradar, 6-1-1 Nonradar Initial Separation of Departing and Arriving Aircraft, 6-3-1 Nonradar Initial Separation of Successive Departing Aircraft, 6-2-1 Nonradar Timed Approaches, 6-7-1 Nonstandard Formation/Cell Operations, 9-2-10 NORAD Special Flights, 9-2-9 North American ICAO Region, 8-10-1 North American Route Program (NRP), 2-2-5 North Atlantic ICAO Region, 8-7-1 7/31/08 JO 7110.65S CHG 1 Index I-6 [References are to page numbers] Notes, 1-2-2 Number Clarification, 2-4-7 Numbers Usage, 2-4-5

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188#
发表于 2008-12-21 19:28:15 |只看该作者
O Observed Abnormalities, 3-1-5 Obstruction Lights, 3-4-5 Ocean21 ATC System, 13-2-1 Oceanic Coordination, 8-2-1 Oceanic Data Entries, 2-3-5 Oceanic Navigational Error Reporting (ONER) Procedures, 8-1-1 Oceanic Procedures, 8-1-1 Oceanic Separation, 8-1-1 Oceanic Transition Procedures, 8-5-1 Oceanic VFR Flight Plans, 8-1-1 Offshore Procedures, 8-1-1 Offshore Transition Procedures, 8-5-1 Open Skies Treaty Aircraft, 9-2-10 Operational Priority, 2-1-2 Operational Requests, 2-1-9 Overdue Aircraft, 10-3-1 Overhead Maneuver, 3-10-8 P Pacific ICAO Region, 8-9-1 PAR Approaches - Terminal, 5-12-1 Parachute Operations, 9-7-1 Parallel Dependent ILS/MLS Approaches, 5-9-7 Passing or Diverging, 5-5-4 Personnel on Runways, 3-1-2 Pilot Acknowledgment/Read Back, 2-4-1 PIREP Information, 2-6-1 Point Out, 5-4-4 Position Determination (Airports), 3-1-2 Position Information (Radar), 5-3-2 Position Report (Oceanic), 8-1-1 Position Reporting (Radar), 5-1-4 Position Responsibilities, 2-10-1 Practice Approaches, 4-8-6 Practice Precautionary Approaches, 3-10-10 Prearranged Coordination, 5-4-5 Precision Approach Critical Area, 3-7-4 Precision Approach Path Indicators (PAPI), 3-4-1 Precision Obstacle Free Zone (POFZ), 3-7-5 Preventive Control (Airports), 3-1-1 Primary Radar Identification Methods, 5-3-1 Priority Interruptions, 2-4-2 Procedural Letters of Agreement, 1-1-2 Procedural Preference, 2-1-1

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189#
发表于 2008-12-21 19:28:25 |只看该作者
Q Questionable Identification, 5-3-2 R Radar Approaches - Terminal, 5-10-1 Radar Arrivals, 5-9-1 Radar Beacon Changes for Military Aircraft, 4-7-2 Radar Beacon Code Changes, 5-2-2 Radar Departures, 5-8-1 Radar Fix Posting, 5-1-4 Radar Identification, 5-3-1 Radar Identification Status, 5-3-3 Radar Presentation and Equipment Performance, 5-1-1 Radar Separation, 5-5-1 Radar Separation Application, 5-5-1 Radar Separation Minima, 5-5-2 Radar Separation Vertical Application, 5-5-3 Radar Service Limitations, 5-1-3 Radar Service Termination, 5-1-4 Radar Use, 5-1-1 Radio and Interphone Communications, 2-4-1 Radio Communications, 2-4-1 7/31/08 JO 7110.65S CHG 1 Index I-7 [References are to page numbers] Radio Communications Transfer, 2-1-8 Radio Failure (Beacon), 5-2-3 Radio Frequency Changes for Military Aircraft, 4-7-2 Radio Message Format, 2-4-2 Receiver-Only Acknowledgment (ATCT), 3-2-1 Receiving Controller Handoff, 5-4-3 Recording Information, 2-2-1 Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM), 2-1-12 Reduction of Route Protected Airspace (Oceanic), 8-4-3 References, 1-2-3 REIL, 3-4-1 Relayed Approach Clearance, 4-8-5 Release Times, 4-3-5 Reporting Essential Flight Information, 2-1-5 Reporting Weather Conditions, 2-6-4 Responsibility Transfer to RCC, 10-3-2 Rotating Beacon, 3-4-5 Route Amendments, 4-2-1 Route and NAVAID Description, 2-5-1 Route Assignment, 4-4-1 Route Structure Transitions, 4-4-2 Route Use, 4-4-1 Routes in Class G Airspace, 4-4-3 Runway Centerline Lights, 3-4-4 Runway Edge Lights, 3-4-3 Runway End Identifier Lights, 3-4-1 Runway Exiting, 3-10-7 Runway Proximity, 3-7-4 Runway Selection, 3-5-1 RVR/RVV, 2-8-1 RVSM, 2-1-12

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190#
发表于 2008-12-21 19:28:33 |只看该作者
S Safety Alert, 2-1-3 Safety Management System (SMS), 1-1-1 Same Runway Separation (Arrival), 3-10-2 Same Runway Separation (Departure), 3-9-4 SAR, 10-3-1 SAR Information to be Forwarded to ARTCC, 10-3-1 SAR Information to be Forwarded to RCC, 10-3-1 Sea Lane Operations, 3-12-1 Search and Rescue, 10-3-1 Sector Eligibility, 5-14-2 Selected Altitude Limits, 5-14-2 Separation from Airspace Reservations, 8-6-1 Separation from Obstructions, 5-5-5 Sequence/Spacing Application, 3-8-1 Sequenced Flashing Lights, 3-4-2 SFA, 4-7-1 Side-Step Maneuver, 4-8-6 Simulated Flameout (SFO) Approaches, 3-10-10 Simultaneous Approach and Runway Edge Light Operation, 3-4-4 Simultaneous Departures (Radar), 5-8-1 Simultaneous Independent Dual ILS/MLS Approaches - High Update Radar, 5-9-9 Simultaneous Independent ILS/MLS Approaches - Dual & Triple, 5-9-8 Simultaneous Landings or Takeoffs (Helicopter), 3-11-3 Simultaneous Offset Instrument Approaches (SOIA)- High Update Radar, 5-9-11 Simultaneous Opposite Direction Operation, 3-8-2 Simultaneous Same Direction Operation, 3-8-1 Single Frequency Approaches, 4-7-1 Spacing and Sequencing (ATCT), 3-8-1 Special Flights, 9-1-1 Special Interest Sites, 9-2-4 Special Operations, 9-2-1 Special Use Airspace, 9-3-1 Special VFR, 7-5-1 Specifying Altitude (Approaches), 4-8-5 Speed Adjustment, 5-7-1 Speed Adjustment Minima, 5-7-3 Speed Adjustment Termination, 5-7-3 7/31/08 JO 7110.65S CHG 1 Index I-8 [References are to page numbers] Standby or Low Sensitivity Operation, 5-2-5 STOL Runways, 3-5-1 Stop-and-Go Low Approach, 3-8-1 Successive Departures (Radar), 5-8-1 Surface Area Restrictions, 3-1-5 Surface Areas, 2-1-7 Surveillance Approaches - Terminal, 5-11-1 SVFR, 7-5-1 Switching ILS/MLS Runways, 4-7-6

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