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4-3-5 Radio Communications
(a) When requesting:
PHRASEOLOGY(Facility) RADIO. (Aircraft identification), REQUEST
V-F-R DEPARTURE.
(b) When relaying to aircraft:
PHRASEOLOGY-
A-T-C ADVISES (aircraft identification) V-F-R
DEPARTURE APPROVED. CONTACT (facility) ON
(frequency) AT (location or time, if required) FOR
CLEARANCE.
(c) Relaying to control facility:
PHRASEOLOGY(Facility) RADIO. (Aircraft identification) DEPARTED
V-F-R AT (time).
4-3-9. IFR FLIGHT PROGRESS REPORTS
Relay to the appropriate ATC facility the aircraft
identification, position, time, altitude, estimate of
next reporting point, name of subsequent reporting
point, and any pilot remarks or requests including
amended flight plan data.
PHRASEOLOGY(Facility) RADIO. PROGRESS. (Aircraft identification),
(position), (altitude), (time) (name and estimate of next
reporting point) (name of subsequent reporting point)
(pilot's remarks).
4-3-10. ARRIVAL/MISSED APPROACH
REPORTS
Relay to the appropriate ATC facility, by the most
expeditious means available, the time that an IFR
aircraft lands, cancels, or executes a missed approach,
and intentions, if known.
4-3-11. NONDELIVERY OF MESSAGES
Inform ATC when a message has not been delivered
within:
a. Three minutes of receipt; or
b. Three minutes after the specified delivery time;
or
c. A specified cancellation time.
4-3-12. BROADCAST (BLIND
TRANSMISSION) OF MESSAGES
Broadcast messages as requested by ATC. If no
accompanying transmitting instructions are received,
transmit the message four times:
a. Once upon receipt; and
b. At approximately 3-minute intervals thereaf-
ter.
4-3-13. PENETRATION OF CLASS A
AIRSPACE OR PROHIBITED/RESTRICTED
AREA
a. Penetration of Class A airspace. When a VFR
aircraft's position report indicates penetration of
Class A airspace:
1. Inform the pilot of the Class A airspace
penetration and request intentions.
PHRASEOLOGY-
YOU ARE IN CLASS A AIRSPACE. AN A-T-C
CLEARANCE IS REQUIRED. REQUEST YOUR
INTENTIONS.
2. Inform the control facility immediately.
3. Relay ATC instructions.
b. Penetration of PROHIBITED/RESTRICTED
AREA. When an aircraft report indicates penetration
of a prohibited/restricted area:
1. Inform the pilot.
PHRASEOLOGY-
YOU ARE IN A PROHIBITED/RESTRICTED AREA.
AUTHORIZATION IS REQUIRED. REQUEST YOUR
INTENTIONS.
2. Inform the control facility immediately.
3. Relay ATC instructions.
7/31/08 JO 7110.10T CHG 1
JO 7110.10T 2/14/08
4-4-1 Airport Advisory Services
Section 4. Airport Advisory Services
4-4-1. GENERAL
Airport advisory services are provided at airports
without an operating control tower that have certified
automated weather reporting via voice capability.
a. Local Airport Advisory (LAA) is a service
provided by facilities, which are located on the
landing airport, have ground-to-air communication
on a discrete frequency or the tower frequency when
the tower is closed, automated weather reporting with
voice broadcasting, and a continuous ASOS/AWOS
data display, other continuous direct reading
instruments, or manual observations available to the
specialist.
b. Remote Airport Advisory (RAA) is a remote
service which may be provided by facilities, which
are not located on the landing airport, but have
ground-to-air communication on a discrete frequen-
cy or the tower frequency when the tower is closed,
automated weather reporting with voice available to
the pilot at the landing airport, and a continuous
ASOS/AWOS data display, other direct reading
instruments, or manual observation is available to the
AFSS specialist.
c. Remote Airport Information Service (RAIS) is
a temporary service provided by facilities, which are
not located on the landing airport, but have
communication capability and automated weather
reporting available to the pilot at the landing airport.
d. Final Guard Service is a value added service
provided in conjunction with LAA/RAA only during
periods of significant and fast changing weather
conditions that may affect landing and takeoff
operations.
1. When the pilot reports “On final” or “Taking
the active runway,” the specialist shall provide the
current wind direction, speed, and altimeter.
2. If during the operation conditions change and
in the specialist's opinion, the changing information
might be useful to the pilot, the specialist shall
broadcast the information in the blind.
3. Pilots will not be required or expected to
acknowledge the broadcast.
NOTE-
FAA policy requires pilots to access the current automated
weather prior to requesting any remote ATC services at
nontowered airports. It is the pilot's responsibility to
comply with the Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) if
landing clearance is required.
e. During initial contact if the pilot reports: “I have
the automated weather,” do not provide weather
information unless specifically requested by the pilot
or a special report is transmitted.
EXAMPLE-
RAIS:
Pilot - “Green Bay radio, Cessna 12RG, ten northeast,
landing Eau Claire, request airport information, I have
the automated weather.”
FSS - “Cessna 12RG, Eau Claire airport information,
your traffic is a Cessna 172 entering downwind and a
Convair 660 reported on final, both one minute ago. There
is an airport maintenance vehicle . . ..”
f. If additional pilots initiate contact a short time
after LAA/RAIS/RAA was provided, determine if
the new pilot(s) copied the information when it was
provided.
1. If the new pilot responds in the affirmative,
do not repeat the information.
2. If the new pilot acknowledges the LAA/
RAIS/RAA information then requests specific
information, provide only the information requested.
NOTE-
The intent is to reduce frequency clutter while insuring
that the pilots are aware of the situation as it changes.
g. If a pilot asks for LAA/RAIS/RAA at an airport
where the requested service is not available but one
of the three services is available, inform the pilot
about what service is available, and provide the
appropriate service.
PHRASEOLOGY(Airport name) LOCAL AIRPORT ADVISORY IS NOT
AVAILABLE. REMOTE AIRPORT INFORMATION . . ..
h. At airports where automated current weather is
available to the pilot via ASOS/AWOS voice
recording:
1. When the pilot reports, “I have the automated
weather,” provide the appropriate nonweather
elements.
2. At airports with commissioned ASOS/
AWOS with continuous automated voice capability,
instruct the pilot to monitor the automated broadcast
and advise intentions.
JO 7110.10T 2/14/08
4-4-2 Airport Advisory Services
PHRASEOLOGY-
MONITOR (location) ASOS/AWOS (frequency). ADVISE
INTENTIONS.
3. If the pilot reports the AWOS/ASOS is out of
service, provide the last reported weather available.
4. If the pilot requests special VFR clearance,
provide the appropriate elements and follow the
procedures in Section 5.
4-4-2. LAA/RAIS/RAA ELEMENTS AND
PHRASEOLOGY
a. State the airport name and the words, Airport
Advisory, Airport Information, or Remote Advisory.
PHRASEOLOGY(Airport name), AIRPORT ADVISORY . . . or (Airport
name), AIRPORT INFORMATION . . . or (Airport name),
REMOTE ADVISORY . . ..
b. Provide the information as appropriate, se-
quencing the elements in the following manner or to
best serve the current traffic situation:
1. Final Guard is a value added wind and
altimeter monitoring service provided in conjunction
with LAA/RAA during periods of significant and/or
fast changing weather conditions that may affect
landing and takeoff operations. The specialist shall
monitor the remoted display of the current wind and
altimeter. Provide Final Guard as follows:
(a) When the pilot reports “On final” or
“Taking the active runway,” the specialist shall
provide the current wind direction, speed, and
altimeter.
(b) If during the landing or takeoff operation
conditions change and, in the specialist's opinion, the
changing information might be useful to the pilot, the
specialist shall broadcast the new wind and/or
altimeter information in the blind.
(c) Pilots will not be required or expected to
acknowledge the broadcast.
PHRASEOLOGY-
N12RG, WIND NOW (Direction) AT (Speed).
NOTE-
FAA policy requires pilots to access the current automated
weather prior to requesting any remote ATC services at
nontowered airports. It is the pilot's responsibility to
comply with the FARs if landing clearance is required.
Final Guard is never provided with RAIS.
2. Favored or Designated Runway is a value
added service offered in conjunction with LAA/
RAA. The specialist shall check the current wind data
and provide the runway information as follows:
(a) For takeoff and landing operations state
the runway most nearly aligned into the wind.
(b) Inform the pilot when the current wind
direction is varying enough that the selection of the
favored runway may be affected, when there is more
than 10 knots between peaks and lulls, or the pilot has
requested the information.
(c) If there is no wind, state the runway
currently in use, the runway favored by a shorter
taxiway, or other local consideration.
(d) When airport management has designated
a runway to be used under certain wind or other
conditions (and has informed the FSS in writing)
issue runway information accordingly.
(e) If the majority of the traffic has been using
a runway other than the favored or designated
runway, advise the pilot.
EXAMPLE-
Landing airport has runways 27 (longer) and 32 with most
pilots utilizing the shorter runway, “FAVORED RUNWAY
32, WINDS VARYING BETWEEN 280 AND 340, SPEED
15 GUSTING 28.”
(f) When a pilot advises he/she will use a
runway other than the favored or the designated
runway, inform all known concerned traffic.
PHRASEOLOGY-
ATTENTION ALL AIRCRAFT. (Aircraft type)
DEPARTING/LANDING RUNWAY (number).
(g) If a pilot requests the distance between an
intersection and the runway end, furnish measured
data from the local airport intersection takeoff
diagram or other appropriate sources.
(h) The favored or designated runway is
never provided with RAIS.
3. Traffic. Factual information about observed
or reported traffic, which may constitute a collision
hazard. This may include positions of aircraft inflight
and/or aircraft and vehicles operating on the airport.
PHRASEOLOGY-
TRAFFIC (Aircraft type), (position), (minutes) AGO.
4. Altimeter Setting.
(a) LAA/RAA: Apply special procedures
when the altimeter setting is more than
JO 7110.10T 2/14/08
4-4-3 Airport Advisory Services
31.00_inches_Hg. Stations with the capability of
reading altimeter settings above 31.00 inches Hg.
shall issue altimeter settings.
PHRASEOLOGY-
ALTIMETER IN EXCESS OF THREE ONE ZERO ZERO.
HIGH PRESSURE ALTIMETER SETTING
PROCEDURES ARE IN EFFECT.
(b) RAIS: Do not provide the altimeter unless
specifically requested. Then, provide the altimeter
from the last official weather report.
5. Weather. When the pilot does not have the
weather conditions, issue the last reported or known
weather information as follows:
(a) LAA/RAIS/RAA:
(1) Wind direction and speed.
(2) Altimeter.
(3) Ceiling and visibility to VFR aircraft
when less than basic VFR conditions exist.
(4) Visibility to VFR aircraft when it is less
than three miles in any quadrant.
(5) Touchdown RVR/RVV for the runway
in use where RVR/RVV readout equipment is located
at the workstation providing the service.
(6) To IFR aircraft executing an instrument
approach or departure and to the appropriate control
facility when visibility is less than 3 miles or when
the ceiling is less than 1,000 feet or below the highest
circling minimum, whichever is greater.
6. Weather advisory alert. Provide in accor-
dance with subpara 4-3-5a.
PHRASEOLOGY(Advisory description) IS CURRENT FOR (condition)
OVER (area).
7. Density Altitude.
(a) Facilities at airports with field elevations
of 2,000 feet MSL or higher, transmit a density
altitude advisory to departing general aviation
aircraft whenever the temperature reaches the criteria
contained in TBL 2-2-1.
PHRASEOLOGY-
CHECK DENSITY ALTITUDE
(b) Omit this advisory if pilot states the
computation has been done or if the specialist is
aware that a density altitude computation for that
aircraft was included in the preflight briefing.
8. Wake Turbulence. Issue cautionary informa-
tion to any aircraft if in your judgment wake
turbulence may have an adverse effect on it.
PHRASEOLOGY-
CAUTION WAKE TURBULENCE (traffic information).
NOTE-
Wake turbulence may be encountered by aircraft in flight
as well as when operating on the airport movement area.
Because wake turbulence is unpredictable, air traffic
personnel are not responsible for anticipating its
existence or effect.
9. NOTAM. NOTAMs concerning local
NAVAIDs and field conditions pertinent to flight.
EXAMPLE“All runways covered by packed snow 6 inches deep.”
10. Braking Action. Furnish braking action
reports as received from pilots or airport management
to all aircraft as follows:
(a) Describe braking action using the terms
fair, poor, or nil. If the pilot or airport management
reports braking action in other than the foregoing
terms, ask them to categorize braking action in these
terms.
(b) When known, include the type of aircraft
or vehicle from which the report is received.
EXAMPLE“Braking action poor.”
“Braking action poor, reported by a Cessna Four-Oh-
One.”
(c) If the braking action report affects only a
portion of a runway, obtain enough information from
the pilot or airport management to describe braking
action in terms easily understood by the pilot.
EXAMPLE“Braking action poor first half of Runway Six, reported by
a Gulfstream Two.”
“Braking action poor Runway Two-Seven, reported by a
Boeing Seven Twenty-Seven.”
NOTE-
Descriptive terms, such as first/last half of the runway,
should normally be used rather than landmark
descriptions, such as opposite the fire station, south of a
taxiway.
11. Runway Friction. Provide runway friction
measurement readings/values as received from
airport management to aircraft as follows:
(a) At airports with friction measuring
devices, provide runway friction reports, as received
JO 7110.10T 2/14/08
4-4-4 Airport Advisory Services
from airport management, to pilots. State the runway
number followed by the MU number for each of the
three runway zones, the time of the report in UTC,
and a word describing the cause of the runway friction
problem.
EXAMPLE“Runway two seven, MU forty-two, forty-one, twentyeight at one zero one eight ZULU, ice.”
(b) Issue the runway surface condition and/or
the runway condition reading (RCR), if provided, to
all USAF and ANG aircraft. Issue the RCR to other
aircraft upon request.
EXAMPLE“Ice on runway, R-C-R zero five, patchy.”
NOTE-
USAF has established RCR procedures for determining
the average deceleration readings of runways under
conditions of water, slush, ice, or snow. The use of RCR
code is dependent upon the pilot's having a “stopping
capability chart” specifically applicable to his/her
aircraft. USAF offices furnish RCR information at
airports serving USAF and ANG aircraft.
12. Do not approve or disapprove simulated
instrument approaches.
4-4-3. CHARTS
Keep charts depicting runways, local taxi routes,
intersection takeoff information, airport traffic
patterns, and instrument approach procedures
convenient to the airport advisory position.
4-4-4. AUTHORIZED FREQUENCIES
a. LAA/RAA:
1. Provide LAA/RAA on the appropriate
discrete frequency at nontower locations and on the
tower local control frequency at an airport with a
part-time tower when that facility is not operating.
2. If a pilot calls on another frequency, issue
advisories on the frequency to which the pilot is
listening, in addition to the appropriate LAA/RAA
frequency.
3. Encourage the pilot to guard the LAA/RAA
frequency or tower local control frequency within a
10-mile radius of the airport.
NOTE-
In situations where the inflight position is split, advise
pilot of appropriate frequency to obtain LAA/RAA/RAIS.
PHRASEOLOGY-
FOR FURTHER ADVISORY SERVICE AT (airport
name), MONITOR (frequency) WITHIN ONE ZERO
MILES.
b. RAIS:
1. Provide RAIS on the existing discrete
frequency located at the remote airport.
2. If a pilot calls and appears to be unaware that
RAIS is available, offer the service.
3. If a pilot calls on another frequency, issue
advisories on the frequency the pilot is listening, in
addition to the appropriate LAA/RAA frequency.
4. If RAIS is requested when it is not offered,
inform the pilot that the service is not available and
follow para 4-4-5.
NOTE-
This service is only provided at remote airports that have
an existing discrete communications capability between
the airport and the flight service station serving the
airport and a NOTAM D announcing the availability of
the service is in effect.
4-4-5. REQUEST FOR LAA/RAIS/RAA AT
AIRPORTS WHERE THE SERVICES ARE
UNAVAILABLE
Advise the pilot that the requested LAA/RAIS/RAA
service is not available. Provide CTAF frequency
and/or the ASOS/AWOS frequency, when available.
When not available, issue the last known surface
condition and altimeter.
PHRASEOLOGY(Airport name) AIRPORT ADVISORY or AIRPORT
INFORMATION or REMOTE ADVISORY NOT
AVAILABLE. CONTACT (airport name) CTAF
(frequency).
4-4-6. TRAFFIC CONTROL
When there is no control tower in operation and a
pilot appears unaware of this fact, inform him/her as
follows:
PHRASEOLOGY-
NO CONTROL TOWER IN OPERATION.
4-4-7. AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT CHECKS
When requested, provide observed information.
JO 7110.10T 2/14/08
4-4-5 Airport Advisory Services
PHRASEOLOGY-
LANDING GEAR APPEARS TO BE DOWN AND IN
PLACE.
4-4-8. AUTOMATIC FLIGHT INFORMATION
SERVICE (AFIS) - ALASKA FSSs ONLY
Use the AFIS to provide advance non-control airport,
meteorological, and pertinent NOTAM information
to aircraft.
NOTE-
Use of the AFIS by pilots is not mandatory, but pilots who
use two-way radio communication with the FSS are urged
to use the service.
a. Begin each new AFIS message with the
airport/facility name and a phonetic alphabet letter.
The phonetic alphabet letter shall also be spoken at
the end of the message and be used sequentially,
beginning with “Alfa, ” ending with “Zulu.”
Full-time facilities shall repeat the letter without
regard to the beginning of a new day. Part-time
facilities shall identify the first resumed broadcast
message with “Alfa.”
b. The AFIS recording shall be reviewed for
completeness, accuracy, speech rate, and proper
enunciation before being transmitted.
c. Maintain an AFIS message that reflects the
most current local airport information.
1. Make a new AFIS recording when any of the
following occur:
(a) Upon receipt of any new official weather,
regardless of any change in values.
(b) When runway braking action reports are
received that indicate runway braking is worse than
that which was included in the current AFIS
broadcast.
(c) When there is a change in any other
pertinent data for the airport or surrounding area, such
as change in favored runway, new or canceled
NOTAMs, AIRMETs, SIGMETs, CWAs, PIREPs, or
other information that facilitates the repetitive
transmission of essential but routine information.
2. Data may be omitted because of rapidly
changing weather conditions or other circumstances
when deemed necessary by the supervisor or
controller-in-charge. When this occurs, the AFIS
shall state the name of the appropriate facility to
contact (and frequency, if different from airport
CTAF) to obtain the missing data.
3. Broadcast, on the LAA frequency, the new
airport AFIS phonetic alphabet identifier after each
new recording.
4. After establishing two-way radio communic-
ation, if the pilot does not state that he/she has the
current AFIS code, the specialist shall either:
(a) Use LAA procedures to issue pertinent
AFIS information, or
(b) Advise the pilot to return to the AFIS
frequency.
Specialists shall provide LAA information when the
AFIS is not available.
5. At the discretion of the supervisor/control-
ler-in-charge, AFIS broadcasts may be suspended
within specified time periods. During these periods,
the AFIS shall contain a brief statement the AFIS is
suspended for the specified time and pilots should
contact the FSS for LAA.
PHRASEOLOGY“(Airport name) FLIGHT INFORMATION
BROADCASTS ARE SUSPENDED UNTIL (time).
CONTACT (facility name) RADIO ON (frequency) FOR
AIRPORT INFORMATION.”
6. Part-time and seasonal facilities shall record
a message with the appropriate frequency and facility
contact information as well as known information
regarding resumption of FSS LAA.
PHRASEOLOGY“(Name of FSS) HOURS OF OPERATION ARE (time)
LOCAL TIME TO (time) LOCAL TIME. THE COMMON
TRAFFIC ADVISORY FREQUENCY IS (frequency).
PILOT CONTROLLED LIGHTING IS AVAILABLE ON
(frequency). FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
CONTACT (name of AFSS) ON (frequency).”
“(Name of FSS) IS CLOSED FOR THE WINTER
SEASON. THE COMMON TRAFFIC ADVISORY
FREQUENCY IS (frequency). PILOT CONTROLLED
LIGHTING IS AVAILABLE ON (frequency). FOR
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT (name of
AFSS) ON (frequency).”
7. In the event of an AFIS equipment failure, the
supervisor/controller-in-charge shall make an entry
in the Daily Record of Facility Operation, FAA Form
7230-4; notify the appropriate Technical Operations
personnel; issue a NOTAM; and resume LAA.
8. Use the following format and include the
following in AFIS broadcast as appropriate:
7/31/08 JO 7110.10T CHG 1
JO 7110.10T 2/14/4-4-6 Airport Advisory Services
(a) (Airport/facility name) airport informa-
tion.
(b) Phonetic alphabet designator.
(c) Special routing procedures in effect (when
appropriate for the Ketchikan (KTN) area).
(d) Time of the AFIS preparation (UTC)
followed by the word, “ZULU.”
(e) Weather information consisting of: Wind,
visibility, present weather (obstructions to visibility),
sky condition, temperature, dew point, altimeter,
pertinent remarks included in the official weather
observation. The ceiling/sky condition, visibility,
and obstructions to vision may be omitted if the
ceiling is above 5,000 feet and the visibility is more
than 5 miles.
EXAMPLE“The weather is better than five thousand and five.”
(f) Favored runway and additional local
information, as required.
(g) NOTAMs concerning local NAVAIDs and
field conditions pertinent to flight.
EXAMPLE“Notice to Airmen, Iliamna NDB out of service.”
“Transcribed weather broadcast out of service.”
(h) Runway breaking action or friction
reports when provided. Include the time of the report
and a word describing the cause of the runway friction
problem.
PHRASEOLOGY“RUNWAY (number) MU (first value, second value, third
value) AT (time), (cause).”
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.10, Para 4-4-2, LAA/RAIS/RAA Elements and
Phraseology.
(i) Low Level Wind shear (LLWS) advisory,
including those contained in the terminal forecast and
in pilot reports. (Include pilot report information at
least 20 minutes following the report).
EXAMPLE“Low level wind shear is forecast.”
(j) Unauthorized Laser Illumination Events.
When a laser event is reported, include reported
unauthorized laser illumination events on the AFIS
broadcast for one hour following the last report.
Include the time, location, altitude, color, and
direction of the laser as reported by the pilot.
PHRASEOLOGY“UNAUTHORIZED LASER ILLUMINATION EVENT,
(UTC time), (location), (altitude), (color), (direction).”
EXAMPLE“Unauthorized laser illumination event at zero one zero
zero Zulu, eight-mile final runway one eight at three
thousand feet, green laser from the southwest.”
(k) Man-Portable Air Defense Systems
(MANPADS) alert and advisory. Specify the nature
and location of threat or incident, whether reported or
observed and by whom, time (if known), and
notification to pilots to advise ATC if they need to
divert.
PHRASEOLOGY“MANPADS ALERT. EXERCISE EXTREME CAUTION.
MANPADS THREAT/ATTACK/POST-EVENT ACTIVITY
OBSERVED/REPORTED BY (reporting agency)
(location) AT (time, if known). (When transmitting to an
individual aircraft) ADVISE ON INITIAL CONTACT IF
YOU WANT TO DIVERT.”
EXAMPLE“MANPADS alert. Exercise extreme caution. MANPADS
threat reported by TSA, Anchorage area. Advise on initial
contact if you want to divert.”
“MANPADS alert. Exercise extreme caution. MANPADS
attack observed by flight service station one-half mile
northwest of airfield at one-two-five-zero Zulu. Advise
on initial contact if you want to divert.”
NOTE1. Upon receiving or observing an unauthorized
MANPADS alert/advisory, contact the Alaska Flight
Service Information Area Group through the Alaskan
Region Regional Operations Center (ROC).
2. Continue broadcasting the MANPADS alert/advisory
until advised by national headquarters the threat is no
longer present. Coordination may be through Alaska
Flight Service Information Area Group or the Alaskan
Region ROC.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7210.3, Para 2-1-9, Handling MANPADS Incidents.
(l) Any other advisories applicable to the area
covered by the FSS LAA.
(m) Local frequency advisory.
PHRASEOLOGY“CONTACT (facility name) RADIO ON (frequency) FOR
TRAFFIC ADVISORIES.”
(n) Instructions for the pilot to acknowledge
receipt of the FSS AFIS message on initial contact.
EXAMPLE“Dillingham airport information ALFA. One six five five
3/15/07 7110.65R CHG 2 JO 7110.10T CHG 1 7/31/08
JO 7110.10T 2/14/08
4-4-7 Airport Advisory Services
Zulu. Wind one three zero at eight; visibility one five;
ceiling four thousand overcast; temperature four, dew
point three; altimeter two niner niner zero. Favored
runway one niner. Notice to Airmen, Dillingham V-O-R
out of service. Contact Dillingham Radio on one two three
point six for traffic advisories. Advise on initial contact
you have ALFA.”
“Kotzebue information ALFA. One six five five Zulu.
Wind, two one zero at five; visibility two, fog; ceiling one
hundred overcast; temperature minus one two, dew point
minus one four; altimeter three one zero five. Altimeter in
excess of three one zero zero, high pressure altimeter
setting procedures are in effect. Favored runway two six.
Weather in Kotzebue surface area is below V-F-R minima
- an ATC clearance is required. Contact Kotzebue Radio
on one two three point six for traffic advisories and advise
intentions. Notice to Airmen, Hotham NDB out of service.
Transcribed Weather Broadcast out of service. Advise on
initial contact you have ALFA.”
7/31/08 JO 7110.10T CHG 1
JO 7110.10T 2/14/08
4-5-1 Special VFR Operation
Section 5. Special VFR Operation
4-5-1. AUTHORIZATION
a. Special VFR (SVFR) operations in weather
conditions less than VFR minima are authorized:
1. For helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft at any
location not prohibited by 14_CFR Part_91, Ap-
pendix_D, Section_3, or when an exception to 14_CFR
Part_91, Appendix_D, Section_3 has been granted and
an associated letter of agreement established.
REFERENCE14 CFR Part 91, Appendix D, Section 3. Controlled airspace within which
special V-F-R weather minimums are not authorized.
2. Only within surface areas.
3. Only when requested by the pilot.
b. When the primary airport is reporting VFR,
SVFR operations may be authorized for aircraft
transiting surface areas when the pilot advises the
inability to maintain VFR.
NOTE-
Control facilities shall always retain SVFR operations
authority when IFR operations are being conducted in
surface areas.
4-5-2. REQUESTS FOR SPECIAL VFR
CLEARANCE
a. Transmit SVFR clearances only for operations
within surface areas on the basis of weather
conditions. If weather conditions are not reported,
transmit an SVFR clearance whenever a pilot advises
unable to maintain VFR and requests an SVFR
clearance, provided the pilot reports having at least
1-mile flight visibility.
PHRASEOLOGY-
ATC CLEARS (aircraft identification) TO ENTER/OUT
OF/THROUGH (name) SURFACE AREA, and if
applicable, (direction) OF (name) AIRPORT (specified
routing),
and
MAINTAIN SPECIAL V-F-R CONDITIONS AT OR
BELOW (altitude) (if applicable) WHILE IN SURFACE
AREA.
ATC CLEARS (aircraft identification) TO OPERATE
WITHIN (name) SURFACE AREA. MAINTAIN SPECIAL
V-F-R CONDITIONS AT OR BELOW (altitude).
b. Transmit clearance for local SVFR operations
for a specified period (series of takeoffs and landings,
etc.) upon request if the aircraft can be recalled when
traffic or weather conditions require. Where
warranted, letters of agreement may be established.
PHRASEOLOGY-
LOCAL SPECIAL V-F-R OPERATIONS IN THE
IMMEDIATE VICINITY OF (name) AIRPORT ARE
AUTHORIZED UNTIL (time). MAINTAIN SPECIAL
V-F-R CONDITIONS AT OR BELOW (altitude).
c. If an aircraft operating under visual flight rules
attempts to enter, depart, or operate within surface
areas contrary to the provisions of 14 CFR
Section 91.157 (visual flight rules), ensure the pilot
is aware of the current weather conditions. Provide
the following information:
1. At airports with commissioned ASOS/
AWOS with continuous automated voice capability,
instruct the pilot to monitor the automated broadcast
and advise intentions.
PHRASEOLOGY-
MONITOR (location) ASOS/AWOS (frequency). ADVISE
INTENTIONS.
2. At airports without a commissioned ASOS/
AWOS, or, if the pilot is unable to receive the
ASOS/AWOS broadcast, issue the most current
weather report available. Advise the pilot that the
weather is below VFR minima, and request the pilot's
intentions.
PHRASEOLOGY(Location) WEATHER, CEILING (height), VISIBILITY
(miles). (Location) SURFACE AREA IS BELOW V-F-R
MINIMA. AN ATC CLEARANCE IS REQUIRED.
ADVISE INTENTIONS.
NOTE-
Helicopters performing hover taxiing operations (nor-
mally not above 10 feet) within the boundary of the airport
are considered to be taxiing aircraft.
d. At a pilot's request, issue an SVFR clearance,
if appropriate, when an SVFR letter of agreement
exists between an AFSS/FSS and the control facility.
If no agreement exists, request clearance from the
control facility. State the aircraft's location and route
of flight.
PHRASEOLOGY(Facility name) RADIO. REQUEST SPECIAL V-F-R
CLEARANCE (aircraft identification) (direction) OF
JO 7110.10T 2/14/08
4-5-2 Special VFR Operation
(location) AIRPORT (specified routing) INTO/OUT
OF/THROUGH THE (location) SURFACE AREA.
NOTE-
IFR aircraft shall normally have priority over special
VFR (SVFR) aircraft.
1. If the pilot is operating outside surface area
and requests SVFR clearance, issue the clearance or
if unable, advise the pilot to maintain VFR outside
surface area and to standby for clearance.
PHRASEOLOGY-
MAINTAIN V-F-R OUTSIDE (location) SURFACE
AREA. STANDBY FOR CLEARANCE.
2. When an aircraft requests a SVFR clearance
to enter surface area during periods of SVFR activity,
instruct the pilot to maintain VFR conditions outside
surface area pending arrival/recall/departure of
SVFR operations.
PHRASEOLOGY-
MAINTAIN V-F-R CONDITIONS OUTSIDE OF THE
(location) SURFACE AREA PENDING
ARRIVAL/RECALL/DEPARTURE OF IFR/SPECIAL
V-F-R AIRCRAFT.
3. If the pilot is operating inside the surface area
and requests an SVFR clearance, advise the pilot to
maintain VFR and standby for clearance.
PHRASEOLOGY-
MAINTAIN V-F-R, STANDBY FOR CLEARANCE.
e. Suspend SVFR operations when necessary to
comply with instructions contained in subpara
4-5-4b or when requested by the control facility.
PHRASEOLOGY-
SPECIAL V-F-R AUTHORIZATION DISCONTINUED.
RETURN TO AIRPORT OR DEPART SURFACE AREA.
ADVISE INTENTIONS.
After response
REPORT LANDING COMPLETED/LEAVING
SURFACE AREA.
4-5-3. VISIBILITY BELOW 1 MILE
a. When the ground visibility is officially reported
at an airport as less than 1 mile, treat requests for
SVFR operations at that airport by other than
helicopters as follows:
NOTE14 CFR Part 91 does not prohibit helicopter Special VFR
flights when visibility is less than 1 mile.
1. Inform departing aircraft that ground visibili-
ty is less than 1 mile and that a clearance cannot be
issued.
PHRASEOLOGY(Location) VISIBILITY (value). A-T-C UNABLE TO
ISSUE DEPARTURE CLEARANCE.
2. Inform arriving aircraft operating outside of
the surface area that ground visibility is less than
1_mile and, unless an emergency exists, a clearance
cannot be issued.
PHRASEOLOGY(Location) VISIBILITY (value). A-T-C UNABLE TO
ISSUE ENTRY CLEARANCE UNLESS AN
EMERGENCY EXISTS.
3. Inform arriving aircraft operating within the
surface area that ground visibility is less than 1 mile
and request the pilot's intentions. Relay the pilot's
response to the control facility immediately.
PHRASEOLOGY(Location) VISIBILITY (value). ADVISE INTENTIONS.
b. When weather conditions are not officially
reported at an airport and the pilot advises the flight
visibility is less than 1 mile, treat request for SVFR
operations at that airport by other than helicopters as
follows:
NOTE14 CFR Part 91 prescribes use of officially reported
ground visibility at airports where it is provided, and
landing or takeoff flight visibility where it is not, as the
governing ground visibility for VFR and SVFR
operations.
1. Inform departing aircraft that a clearance
cannot be issued.
PHRASEOLOGY-
UNABLE TO ISSUE DEPARTURE CLEARANCE.
2. Inform arriving aircraft operating outside the
surface area that unless an emergency exists, a
clearance cannot be issued.
PHRASEOLOGY-
ATC UNABLE TO ISSUE ENTRY CLEARANCE UNLESS
AN EMERGENCY EXISTS.
3. Request intentions of arriving aircraft
operating within surface areas. Relay the pilot's
response to the control facility immediately.
PHRASEOLOGY-
ADVISE INTENTIONS.
c. Transmit a clearance to scheduled air carrier
aircraft to conduct operations if ground visibility is
not less than 1/2 mile.
JO 7110.10T 2/14/08
4-5-3 Special VFR Operation
d. Transmit a clearance to an aircraft to fly through
surface area if the pilot reports flight visibility is at
least 1 statute mile.
4-5-4. PREDESIGNED SPECIAL VFR
CLEARANCES
Transmit predesigned SVFR clearances only during
those periods authorized by the control facility.
NOTE-
The control facility may rescind this authorization at any
time.
a. Apply these procedures only to aircraft
equipped with a functioning two-way radio. Refer all
requests for no-radio SVFR operations to the control
facility.
b. Transmit clearances so that only one aircraft at
a time operates in surface area unless:
1. Otherwise authorized by a letter of agreement
between the control facility and the AFSS/FSS.
2. A pilot requests and all pilots agree that they
will maintain visual separation while operating in
surface area.
PHRASEOLOGY-
MAINTAIN VISUAL SEPARATION FROM (aircraft type).
JO 7110.10T 2/14/08
4-6-1 En Route Flight Advisory Service (EFAS) |
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发表于 2008-12-21 20:24:12
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