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4. State the coverage of echoes in tenths.
EXAMPLE``Eight tenths.''
5. State the type in accordance with
TBL_14-1-27, intensity in accordance with
TBL_14-1-28, and intensity trend of the weather in
accordance with TBL_14-1-29.
TBL 14-1-27
Type
Symbol Meaning
A Hail
PL Ice pellets
L Drizzle
R Rain
RW Rain showers
S Snow
SW Snow showers
T Thunderstorm
ZL Freezing drizzle
ZR Freezing rain
Note: Symbols used in RAREPs have not been
changed to METAR symbology.
TBL 14-1-28
Intensity
Symbol Intensity
- Light
(none) Moderate
+ Heavy
++ Heavy
X Extreme
XX Extreme
U Unknown
TBL 14-1-29
Intensity Trend
Symbol Trend
- Decreasing
+ Increasing
NC No change
NEW New echo
Note: No intensity or trend is assigned for
nonliquid precipitation.
6. Describe the area covered by stating the
azimuth and range of the points defining the echo
pattern. (See TBL 14-1-30.)
TBL 14-1-30
Echo Pattern
Coded Phraseology
86/40 160/60 262/115 ``FROM FOUR ZERO
EAST TO SIX ZERO
SOUTHEAST TO ONE
ONE FIVE WEST OF
(radar site location).''
7. State the dimensions of the echo pattern in
nautical miles using separate digits. The symbol W
means WIDE, and D indicates DIAMETER.
JO 7110.10T 2/14/08
14-1-10 General
8. State the pattern movement referencing the
direction to which the echoes are moving and the
speed using separate digits. The patterns are decoded
L for LINE, C for CELL, and A for AREA.
(See TBL_14-1-31.)
TBL 14-1-31
Direction of Movement
Coded Phraseology
C3640 ``CELLS MOVING SOUTH AT
FOUR ZERO.''
L2325 ``LINE MOVING NORTHEAST
AT TWO FIVE.''
9. State the height of the tops in hundreds and/or
thousands of feet, and their location by azimuth and
distance where indicated. (See TBL_14-1-32.)
TBL 14-1-32
Heights-Tops
Coded Phraseology
MT350 AT 270/20 ``MAX TOP THREE FIVE
THOUSAND, TWO ZERO
MILES WEST OF (radar
site location).''
10. State any remarks after decoding from
contractions.
11. Do not announce the letters and numbers
comprising the digital radar codes at the end of the
radar reports.
12. Do not announce those portions of RAREPs
containing information on the location of a hurricane
eye. These reports begin with the identifying words
eye or center.
13. Following is an example of a RAREP as it
appears and as it is broadcast.
EXAMPLE-
OKC 1935 LN 8TRW++/+ 86/40 164/60 199/115 15W
L2425 MT 570 159/65
AUTO
^MO1 NO2 ON3 PM34 QM3 RL2 SL9
“Oklahoma City, Oklahoma City, radar report. Three five
observation. A line of eight-tenths coverage thunder-
storms with heavy rainshowers increasing in intensity
extending from four zero east to six zero south southeast
to one one five south southwest of Oklahoma City. One
five miles wide. Line moving northeast at two five. Max
top five seven thousand, six five southeast of Oklahoma
City.”
NOTE-
All weather radar reports are automated with a scheduled
issuance time of H+35. Do not state the word
“automated.”
b. Radar displays. When stating precipitation
intensity from a radar display (such as NEXRAD),
use the following four categories as appropriate:
1. Light: (Equates to radar return levels of less
than 30 dBZ.)
2. Moderate: (Equates to radar return levels of
30 to 40 dBZ.)
3. Heavy: (Equates to radar return levels of
greater than 40 to 50 dBZ.)
4. Extreme: (Equates to radar return levels of
greater than 50 dBZ.)
14-1-12. WINDS AND TEMPERATURES
ALOFT FORECAST (FD)
When announcing the FD use the following
phraseology and procedures:
a. State the altitude, then announce wind direction
and speed by the separate digits of the wind direction
to the 10-degree multiple, the word AT, and the
separate digits of the speed.
b. When the forecast speed is less than 5 knots, the
coded group is 9900 and read, LIGHT AND
VARIABLE.
c. Encoded wind speed 100 to 199 knots have 50
added to the direction code and 100 subtracted from
the speed.
d. If wind speed is forecast at 200 knots or greater,
the wind group is coded as 199 knots; i.e., 7799 is
decoded 270 degrees at 199 knots or greater.
e. A six-digit group includes forecast tempera-
ture. Provide temperatures on request only, stating
the word TEMPERATURE followed by the word
MINUS, as appropriate, and the separate digits.
(See TBL_14-1-33.)
JO 7110.10T 2/14/08
14-1-11 General
TBL 14-1-33
Altitude
Coded Phraseology
2707 ``(altitude), two seven zero at seven.''
7799 ``(altitude), two seven zero at one niner
niner or greater.''
850552 ``(altitude), three five zero at one zero
five, temperature minus five two.''
9900+00 ``(altitude), light and variable,
temperature zero.''
14-1-13. NUMBER USAGE
State numbers as follows:
a. Serial numbers. The separate digits.
(See TBL_14-1-34.)
TBL 14-1-34
Serial Numbers
Number Phraseology
11,495 ``One one four niner five.''
20,069 ``Two zero zero six niner.''
b. Altitudes or flight levels.
1. Altitudes. The separate digits of the
thousands plus the hundreds. (See TBL_14-1-35.)
TBL 14-1-35
Altitudes
Altitude Phraseology
5,000 ``Five thousand.''
10,000 ``One zero thousand.''
11,500 ``One one thousand five
hundred.''
2. Altitudes may be restated in group form for
added clarity if the specialist chooses.
(See TBL_14-1-36.)
TBL 14-1-36
Altitudes - continued
Altitude Phraseology
10,000 ``Ten thousand.''
11,500 ``Eleven thousand five
hundred.''
3. Flight levels. The words flight level followed
by the separate digits of the flight level.
(See TBL_14-1-37.)
TBL 14-1-37
Flight Levels
Flight Level Phraseology
180 ``Flight level one eight zero.''
270 ``Flight level two seven zero.''
4. MDA/DH Altitudes. The words minimum
descent altitude or decision height followed by
separate digits of the MDA/DH altitude. (See
TBL_14-1-38.)
TBL 14-1-38
MDA/DH Altitude
Altitude Phraseology
486 ``Decision height, four eight six.''
1,320 ``Minimum descent altitude, one
three two zero.''
c. Time.
1. General time information. The four separate
digits of the hour and minutes in term s of
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). (See
TBL_14-1-39.)
TBL 14-1-39
Coordinated Universal Time
Time Phraseology
0115 (UTC) ``Zero one one five.''
1315 (UTC) ``One three one five.''
2. Upon request. The four separate digits of the
hours and minutes in terms of UTC followed by the
local time equivalent; or the local time equivalent
only. Local time may be based on the 24-hour clock
system. (See TBL_14-1-40.)
TBL 14-1-40
Coordinated Universal Time
Time Phraseology
2:30 p.m.
_or
``Two thirty P-M. local.''
2230 (UTC), 2:30
p.m
_or
``Two two three zero, two
thirty P-M. local.''
2230 (UTC), 1430
PST
``Two two three zero, one four
three zero Pacific or local.''
3. Time check. The word ``time'' followed by
the four separate digits of the hour and minutes, and
nearest quarter minute. Fractions of a quarter minute
less than 8 seconds are stated as the preceding quarter
minute; fractions of a quarter minute of 8 seconds or
more are stated as the succeeding quarter minute.
(See TBL_14-1-41.)
JO 7110.10T 2/14/08
14-1-12 General
TBL 14-1-41
Time Check
Time Phraseology
1415:06 ``Time, one four one five.''
1415:10 ``Time, one four one five and
one-quarter.''
4. Abbreviated time. The separate digits of the
minutes only. (See TBL_14-1-42.)
TBL 14-1-42
Abbreviated Time
Time Phraseology
1415 ``One five.''
1420 ``Two zero.''
NOTE-
Change to the next minute is made at the minute plus
30_seconds.
d. Field elevation. The words field elevation
followed by the separate digits of the elevation.
(See TBL_14-1-43.)
TBL 14-1-43
Field Elevation
Elevation Phraseology
17 feet ``Field elevation, one seven.''
187 feet ``Field elevation, one eight seven.''
2,817 feet ``Field elevation, two eight one
seven.''
e. The number 0, is stated as zero except where it
appears in group form.
EXAMPLE``Field elevation One Six Zero.''
``Cessna Two One Six Zero Seven.''
``Boeing Seven - Oh - Seven.''
f. Heading. The word heading followed by the
three separate digits of the number of degrees, but
omit the word degrees. Use heading 360 degrees to
indicate a north heading. (See TBL_14-1-44.)
TBL 14-1-44
Heading/Degrees
Heading Phraseology
5 degrees ``Heading, zero zero five.''
30 degrees ``Heading, zero three zero.''
360 degrees ``Heading, three six zero.''
g. Radar beacon codes. The word squawk
followed by the separate digits of the four-digit code.
(See TBL_14-1-45.)
TBL 14-1-45
Radar Beacon
Code Phraseology
1000 ``Squawk one zero zero zero.''
2100 ``Squawk two one zero zero.''
h. Runways. The word runway followed by the
separate digits of the runway designation. For a
parallel runway, state the word left, right, or center if
the letter L, R, or C is included in the designation.
(See TBL_14-1-46.)
TBL 14-1-46
Runway Designation
Designation Phraseology
03 ``Runway three.''
8L ``Runway eight left.''
27R ``Runway two seven right.''
i. Frequencies.
1. The separate digits of the frequency, inserting
the word point where the decimal occurs. When the
frequency is in the L/MF or HF band, include the
word kilohertz. (See TBL_14-1-47.)
TBL 14-1-47
Frequencies
Frequency Phraseology
302 kHz ``Three zero two kilohertz.''
5631 kHz ``Five six three one kilohertz.''
126.55 MHz ``One two six point five five.''
135.275 MHz ``One three five point two seven.''
2. Issue MLS/TACAN frequencies by stating
the word CHANNEL followed by the assigned
two-or three-digit channel number.
EXAMPLE``M-L-S channel five three zero.''
``TACAN channel niner seven.''
j. Speeds.
1. The separate digits of the speed followed by
the word knots. (See TBL_14-1-48.)
TBL 14-1-48
Speed
Speed Phraseology
95 ``Niner five knots.''
185 ``One eight five knots.''
250 ``Two five zero knots.''
2. For Mach speeds, the word Mach, followed
by the separate digits of the Mach number inserting
the word point where the decimal occurs.
(See TBL_14-1-49.)
JO 7110.10T 2/14/08
14-1-13 General
TBL 14-1-49
Speed
Mach Number Phraseology
0.64 ``Mach point six four.''
0.7 ``Mach point seven.''
1.5 ``Mach one point five.''
k. Miles. The separate digits of the mileage
followed by the word mile(s). (See TBL_14-1-50.)
TBL 14-1-50
Miles
Miles Phraseology
30 ``Three zero miles.''
14-1-14. FACILITY IDENTIFICATION
Identify facilities as follows:
a. Airport traffic control towers: State the name of
the facility followed by the word tower. Where
military and civil airports are located in the same
general area and have similar names, state the name
of the military service followed by the name of the
military facility and the word tower.
EXAMPLE``Barksdale Tower.''
``Columbus Tower.''
``Navy Jacksonville Tower.''
b. Function within a terminal facility. State the
name of the facility followed by the name of the
function.
EXAMPLE``Boston Departure.''
``LaGuardia Clearance Delivery.''
``O'Hare Ground.''
c. Approach control facilities, including TRA-
CONs, RAPCONs, RATCFs, and ARACs. State the
name of the facility followed by the word approach.
Where military and civil facilities are located in the
same general area and have similar names, state the
name of the military service followed by the name of
the military facility and the word approach.
EXAMPLE``Denver Approach.''
``Griffiss Approach.''
``Navy Jacksonville Approach.''
d. Air route traffic control centers. State the name
of the facility followed by the word center.
e. When calling or replying on an interphone line
which connects only two facilities, you may omit the
facility's name.
EXAMPLE``Flight Data.''
``Inflight, clearance request.''
f. FAA Automated Flight Service Stations/Flight
Service Stations.
1. Inflight position. State the name of the
AFSS/FSS followed by the word radio, and position
if appropriate.
EXAMPLE``Fairbanks Radio.''
``Fort Dodge Radio, Inflight 2.''
2. Flight Watch position. State the name of the
associated ARTCC followed by the words FLIGHT
WATCH.
EXAMPLE``Indianapolis Flight Watch.''
NOTE-
During transition to EFAS consolidation, nonconsoli-
dated facilities will state the name of the parent AFSS
facility followed by the words FLIGHT WATCH.
3. When calling or replying on interphone lines
connecting more than one facility, state the name of
the AFSS/FSS followed by the word radio.
EXAMPLE``San Angelo Radio.''
4. When answering public access telephone
lines, state the geographical name of the AFSS/FSS
and the words Flight Service.
EXAMPLE``Burlington Flight Service.''
``Miami Flight Service.''
g. Radar facilities having ASR or PAR but not
providing approach control service. State the name of
the facility followed by the letters G-C-A.
EXAMPLE``Chanute G-C-A.''
``Corpus Christi G-C-A.''
``Davison G-C-A.''
14-1-15. AIRCRAFT IDENTIFICATION
a. Civil. State the aircraft type, the model, the
manufacturer's name, or the prefix November
followed by the numbers/letters of the aircraft
registration.
JO 7110.10T 2/14/14-1-14 General
EXAMPLE``Bonanza One Two Three Four Tango.''
``Douglas Three Zero Five Romeo.''
``Jet Commander One Four Two Four.''
``November One Two Three Four Golf.''
NOTE-
The prefix November denotes a U.S. aircraft registry.
1. Air carrier and other civil aircraft having FAA
authorized call signs. State the call sign, in
accordance with FAAO JO 7340.2, Contractions,
followed by the flight number in group form.
EXAMPLE``American Five Twenty-One.''
``Commuter Six Eleven.''
``General Motors Thirty-Fifteen.''
``Eastern Ten Zero Four.''
``Delta One Hundred.''
2. If aircraft identification becomes a problem,
the call sign shall be restated after the flight number
of the aircraft involved.
EXAMPLE``American Five Twenty-One American.''
``Commuter Six Eleven Commuter.''
``General Motors Thirty-Seven General Motors.''
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7210.3, Para 2-1-2, Facility Standard Operation Procedures
Directive.
3. Air taxi and commercial operators not having
FAA authorized call signs. State the prefix TANGO
on initial contact, if used by the pilot, followed by the
registration number. The prefix may be dropped in
subsequent communications.
EXAMPLE-
On initial contact.
``Tango Mooney Five Five Five Two Quebec.''
or
``Tango November Five Five Five Two Quebec.''
On subsequent contacts.
``Mooney Five Two Quebec.''
or
``November Five Two Quebec.''
b. Lifeguard aircraft.
1. Air carrier/taxi/ambulance. State the prefix,
LIFEGUARD, if used by the pilot, followed by the
call sign and flight number in group form.
EXAMPLE``LIFEGUARD Delta Fifty-One.''
NOTE-
Usage of LIFEGUARD call sign indicates that
operational priority is requested.
2. Civilian airborne ambulance. State the word
LIFEGUARD, followed by the numbers/letters of the
registration number.
EXAMPLE``LIFEGUARD Two Six Four Six X-Ray.''
c. U.S. Military. State one of the following:
1. The service name followed by the word
copter, when appropriate, and a maximum of the last
five digits of the serial number.
EXAMPLE``Air Guard Copter Two Six Three.''
``Army Copter Three Two One Seven Six.''
``Coast Guard Six One Three Two Seven.''
``Navy Five Six Seven One Three.''
2. If aircraft identification becomes a problem
when the above procedures are used, the call sign
shall be restated after the flight number of the aircraft
involved.
EXAMPLE``Army Copter Three Two One Seven Six Army Copter.''
``Coast Guard Six One Three Two Seven Coast Guard.''
3. Special military operations. State one of the
following followed by a maximum of the last five
digits of the serial number:
(a) Air evacuation flights. AIR EVAC,
MARINE AIR EVAC, or NAVY AIR EVAC.
EXAMPLE``AIR EVAC One Seven Six Five Two.''
(b) Rescue flights. (Service name) RESCUE.
EXAMPLE``Air Force RESCUE Six One Five Seven Niner.''
(c) Air Mobility Command. REACH.
EXAMPLE``REACH Seven Eight Five Six Two.''
(d) Special Air Mission. U-S-SAM.
EXAMPLE``U-S-SAM Niner One Five Six Two.''
(e) USAF Contract Aircraft. LOGAIR.
EXAMPLE``LOGAIR Seven Five Eight Two Six.''
4. Military tactical and training.
(a) U.S. Air Force, Air National Guard,
Military District of Washington priority aircraft, and
3/15/07 7110.65R CHG 2 JO 7110.10T CHG 1 7/31/08
JO 7110.10T 2/14/08
14-1-15 General
USAF civil disturbance aircraft. Pronounceable
words of three, four, five, or six letters followed by a
four-, three-, two-, or one-digit number.
EXAMPLE``Okey One Five Seven.''
``Pokey Four.''
``Slug Two Zero.''
NOTE-
When the Z suffix described in para 6-5-5, USAF/USN
Undergraduate Pilots, para, is added to identify aircraft
piloted by USAF undergraduate pilots, the call sign will
be limited to a combination of six characters. Do not use
this suffix, however, in ground-to-air communication.
(b) Navy or Marine fleet and training
command aircraft. The service name and two letters
or a digit and a letter (use letter phonetic equivalents)
followed by two or three digits.
EXAMPLE``Marine Four Charlie Two Three Six.''
``Navy Golf Alpha Two One.''
(c) NORAD interceptors. An assigned
double-letter two-digit flight number.
EXAMPLE``Alpha Kilo One Five.''
(d) Navy Fleet Support Missions. When
handling Navy Fleet Support Mission aircraft, use the
words Special Flight Number followed by the
number as given by the pilot.
d. Foreign registry. State one of the following:
1. Civil. State the aircraft type, manufacturer's
nam e, or country of origin followed by the
letters/numbers of the aircraft registration, or state the
letters or digits of the aircraft registration or call sign.
EXAMPLE``Stationair F-L-R-B.''
``C-F-L-R-B.''
``Canadian Foxtrot Lima Romeo Bravo.''
NOTE-
Letters may be spoken individually or phonetically.
2. Air carrier. The abbreviated name of the
operating company followed by:
(a) The letters or digits of the registration or
call sign.
EXAMPLE``Air France F-L-R-L-G.''
NOTE-
Letters may be spoken individually or phonetically in
accordance with the format used by the pilot.
(b) The flight number in group form, or
separate digits may be used if that is the format used
by the pilot.
EXAMPLE``Scandinavian Six Eight.''
``Scandinavian Sixty-Eight.''
3. Military, except Canada.
(a) State the name of the country and the
military service followed by the separate digits or
letters of the registration or call sign.
(b) Canadian Forces aircraft shall be identi-
fied by the word CANFORCE followed by the
separate digits of the serial number.
(c) The Canadian Coast Guard shall be
identified as Canadian Coast Guard followed by the
separate digits of the serial number.
EXAMPLE``Brazilian Air Force Five Three Two Seven Six.''
``Canforce Five Six Two Seven.''
e. Presidential aircraft and Presidential family
aircraft.
1. When the President is aboard a military
aircraft, state the name of the military service
followed by the word one.
EXAMPLE``Air Force One.''
``Army One.''
``Marine One.''
2. When the President is aboard a civil aircraft,
state the words Executive One.
3. When a member of the President's family is
aboard any aircraft, if the U.S. Secret Service or the
White House Staff determines it is necessary, state the
words Executive One Foxtrot.
f. Vice Presidential aircraft.
1. When the Vice President is aboard a military
aircraft, state the name of the military service
followed by the word two.
EXAMPLE``Air Force Two.''
``Army Two.''
``Marine Two.''
2. When the Vice President is aboard a civil
aircraft, state the words Executive Two.
JO 7110.10T 2/14/08
14-1-16 General
3. When a member of the Vice President's
family is aboard any aircraft, if the U.S. Secret
Service or the White House Staff determines it is
necessary, state the words Executive Two Foxtrot.
g. DOT and FAA flights. The following alpha-
numeric identifiers radio call signs are for use in
air/ground communications when the Secretary of
Transportation, Deputy Secretary of Transportation,
FAA Administrator, or FAA Deputy Administrator
have a requirement to identify themselves:
1. Department of Transportation.
(a) Secretary:
(1) Identifier - DOT-1.
(2) Call Sign - Transport-1.
(b) Deputy Secretary:
(1) Identifier - DOT-2.
(2) Call Sign - Transport-2
2. Federal Aviation Administration.
(a) Administrator:
(1) Identifier - FAA-1.
(2) Call Sign - Safe Air-1.
(b) Deputy Administrator:
(1) Identifier - FAA-2
(2) Call Sign - Safe Air-2.
PHRASEOLOGY-
GRAND FORKS RADIO, TRANSPORT TWO, (message).
MIAMI RADIO, SAFE AIR ONE, (message).
h. Other special flights.
1. Department of Energy flights. State the
letters R-A-C (use phonetic alphabet equivalents)
followed by the last four separate digits of the aircraft
registration number.
EXAMPLE``Romeo Alfa Charlie One Six Five Three.''
2. Semiautomatic Flight Inspections. State the
code name SAFI followed by the separate digits of
the grid number as filed.
EXAMPLE``SAFI Five Two Seven.''
3. Flight Inspection of Navigational Aids. State
the call sign Flight Check followed by the digits of
the registration number.
EXAMPLE``FLIGHT CHECK Three Niner Six Five Four.''
4. USAF aircraft engaged in aerial sampling
missions. State the call sign SAMP followed by the
last three digits of the serial number.
EXAMPLE``SAMP Three One Six.''
5. United States governmental Departments or
Agencies, with a demonstrated and approved need,
have been granted special domestic/ICAO telepho-
nies (call signs). These items are contained in FAA
Order 7110.67, Special Aircraft Operations By Law
Enforcement/Military or Governmental Organiza-
tion.
i. Use a pilot's name in identification of an aircraft
only in special or emergency situations.
14-1-16. AIRCRAFT TYPES
Describe aircraft as follows:
a. Military.
1. Military designator with number spoken in
group form; or
2. Service and type; or
3. Type only if no confusion or misidentifica-
tion is likely.
EXAMPLE``Air Force Bomber.''
``B-One.''
``Bomber.''
``F-Fifteen.''
``Fighter.''``Navy Fighter.''
b. Air Carrier.
1. Manufacturer's name or model.
2. Add the company name or other identifying
features when confusion or misunderstanding is
likely.
EXAMPLE``American M-D Eighty.''
``American Seven-Zero-Seven.''
``Boeing Seven-Oh-Seven.''
``L-Ten-Eleven.''
``Lockheed Ten Eleven.''
``United Seven Thirty-Seven.''
c. General Aviation and Air Taxi.
1. Manufacturer's model, name, or designator.
JO 7110.10T 2/14/08
14-1-17 General
2. Add color when considered advantageous.
EXAMPLE``Airliner.''
``Blue and White King Air.''
``Cessna Four-Oh-One.''
``Cessna Three Ten.''
``Green Apache.''
``P-A Twenty-Two.''
``Tri-Pacer.''
14-1-17. AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT CODES
When communicating this information (aircraft
equipment suffixes) state the aircraft type, the word
slant, and the appropriate phonetic letter equivalent
of the suffix.
EXAMPLE``Boeing Seven-Oh-Seven slant Romeo.''
``D-C Six slant Tango.''
``F-Eight-E slant Papa.''
``F-Four-C slant November.''
14-1-18. AIRWAYS AND ROUTES
Describe airways, routes, or jet routes as follows:
a. VOR/VORTAC/TACAN airways or jet routes.
State the word Victor or the letter J followed by the
number of the airway or route in group form. For
RNAV routes, add the word romeo.
EXAMPLE``J Eight Thirty Romeo.''
``J Five Thirty-Three.''
``Offset one zero miles right of J Eight Thirty Romeo.''
``Victor Seven Ten Romeo.''
``Victor Twelve.''
b. VOR/VORTAC/TACAN alternate airways.
State the word Victor followed by the number of the
airway in group form and the alternate direction.
EXAMPLE``Victor Twelve South.''
c. L/MF airways. State the color of the airway
followed by the number in group form.
EXAMPLE``Blue Eighty-One.''
d. North American Route. State the words North
American Route followed by the number of the route
in group form.
EXAMPLE``North American Route Fifty.''
e. MTRs. State the letters followed by the number
of the route in group form.
EXAMPLE``I-R Five Thirty-One.''
14-1-19. NAVAID TERMS
a. Announce NAVAIDs as follows in
TBL 14-1-51:
TBL 14-1-51
NAVAID Terms
Contraction Phraseology
DME D-M-E
ILS I-L-S
LOM Outer compass locator
MLS M-L-S
NDB Nondirectional Radio beacon
TACAN TACK-AN
VOR V-O-R
VORTAC VOR- (as in vortex) TACK
b. Describe radials, arcs, courses, bearings, and
quadrants of NAVAIDs as follows:
1. VOR/VORTAC/TACAN/MLS NAVAIDs.
State the name of the NAVAID followed by the
separate digits of the radial/azimuth (omitting the
word degrees) and the word radial/azimuth.
EXAMPLE``Appleton zero five zero radial.''
``Lindburg Runway Two Seven MLS two six zero azimuth.''
2. Arcs about VOR-DME/VORTAC/TACAN/
MLS NAVAIDs. State the distance in miles from the
NAVAID followed by the words ``mile arc,'' the
direction from the NAVAID in terms of the eight
principal points of the compass, the word of, and the
name of the NAVAID.
EXAMPLE``Two zero mile arc southwest of O'Hare Runway Two
Seven Left M-L-S.''
3. Quadrant within a radius of NAVAID. State
direction from NAVAID in terms of the quadrant,
such as NE, SE, SW, NW, followed by the distance
in miles from the NAVAID.
EXAMPLE``Cleared to fly northeast quadrant of Philipsburg
VORTAC within four zero mile radius.''
JO 7110.10T 2/14/08
14-1-18 General
REFERENCE-
Pilot/Controller Glossary, QUADRANT.
4. Nondirectional beacons. State the course to
or the bearing from the radio beacon, omitting the
word degree, followed by the words course to or
bearing from, the name of the radio beacon, and the
words radio beacon.
EXAMPLE``Three four zero bearing from Randolph Radio Beacon.''
14-1-20. NAVAID FIXES
Describe fixes determ ined by reference to a
radial/localizer/azimuth and distance from a VOR-
DME/VORTAC/TACAN/ILS-DME or MLS as
follows:
a. When a fix is not named, state the name of the
NAVAID followed by a specified radial/localizer/azi-
muth, and state the distance in miles followed by the
phrase mile fix.
EXAMPLE``Appleton zero five zero radial three seven mile fix.''
``Reno localizer back course four mile fix.''
``Hobby Runway One Two M-L-S zero niner zero azimuth
one two mile fix.''
b. When a fix is named, state the name of the fix
followed by the phrase D-M-E fix or waypoint, as
appropriate.
EXAMPLE``Shaum D-M-E Fix.''
``Shaum Waypoint.''
c. Use specific terms to describe a fix. Do not use
expressions such as passing Victor Twelve or passing
J Eleven.
14-1-21. RUNWAY CONDITIONS
a. State factual information as reported by airport
management concerning the condition of the runway
surface and describing the accumulation of precipita-
tion. Furnish quality of braking action as received
from pilots or airport management to all aircraft as
follows:
1. Describe the quality of braking action using
the terms good, fair, poor, or nil. If the pilot or airport
management reports braking action in other than the
foregoing terms, ask them to categorize braking
action in these terms.
2. Include the type of aircraft or vehicle (if
known) from which the report is received.
EXAMPLE``All runways covered by packed snow six inches deep.''
``Braking action poor reported by an F Twenty-Seven.''
3. If the braking action report affects only a
portion of a runway, obtain enough information from
the pilot or airport management to describe braking
action in terms easily understood by the pilot.
EXAMPLE``Braking action poor first half of runway, reported by a
Gulfstream Two.''
``Braking action poor beyond the intersection of Runway
Two Seven, reported by a Boeing Seven Twenty-Seven.''
NOTE-
Descriptive terms, such as first/last half of the runway,
should normally be used rather than landmark
descriptions; e.g., opposite the fire station, south of a
taxiway.
b. State runway friction measurement readings/
values as received from airport management to
aircraft as follows:
1. At airports with friction measuring devices,
provide runway friction reports, as received from
airport management, to pilots on request. State the
runway number followed by the MU number for each
of the three runway zones, the time of the report in
UTC, and a word describing the cause of the runway
friction problem.
EXAMPLE``Runway Two Seven, MU forty-two, forty-one, twentyeight at one zero one eight ZULU, ice.''
2. Issue the runway surface condition and/or the
runway condition reading (RCR), if provided, to all
USAF and ANG aircraft. Issue the RCR to other
aircraft upon request.
EXAMPLE``Ice on runway, R-C-R Zero Five, patchy.''
NOTE-
USAF has established RCR procedures for determining
the average deceleration readings of runways under
conditions of water, slush, ice, or snow. The use of RCR
code is dependent upon a pilot's having a ``stopping
capability chart'' specifically applicable to his/her
aircraft. USAF offices furnish RCR information at
airports serving USAF and ANG aircraft.
JO 7110.10T 2/14/08
Appendix A--1 ICAO FLIGHT PLANS |
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