aviation terms

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DA Drift angle % h6 ~& O0 p NDADC Digital air-data computer 4 ~. m+ _' [. s) i& aDAMPED FREQUENCY The frequency of oscillation of an under damped second-order filter; See Also: second-order filter; Symbols: omega; Typical Units: rad/s, Hz; Dimensio... ; K6 x4 M: P- q! Y; QDAMPING RATIO Control parameter for a second order filter. Symbols: zeta; DAP Decision Altitude * V- c, B9 P, M/ x8 a# C4 K$ uDARTBOARD Ground-based interference from "ASPIDISTRA" of enemy RT and WT channels in the 300 kHz band. 0 G1 Q7 y- ] j- \& b. g% YDATA SOURCE OBJECT (DSO) Software that receives data from a physical device, translates the data into standard units, maintains equipment status, and provides a common interfa... 2 d2 ?- B+ \7 q1 w: T" o! d# rDATA TRANSFER SYSTEM Total pressure ( _2 _* f% O2 |! uDATA TRANSFER SYSTEM (DTS). A device for transferring data with avionics, similar to a diskette drive; DB Decibel DC Dual Control DCA Directorate of Civil Aviation DCT direct 8 l4 ?2 C/ [5 ~& hDEAD RECKONING (DR) A method of navigation based on basic information (barometric altitude, magnetic heading, airspeed, wind conditions) from best available source; somet... ' {. |4 f6 d. l+ J4 E/ }, Y. ~; t9 cDEAD STICK A term used to describe unpowered flight (glide) when the engine quits running. DECISION HEIGHT with respect to the operation of aircraft, means the height at which a decision must be made, during an ILS or PAR instrument approach, to either cont... DECISION HEIGHT (DH) With respect to the operation of aircraft, means the height at which a decision must be made during an ILS, MLS, or PAR instrument approach to either ... ' ~1 }; G; M W5 |) ~DECKER Phosphorous coated rags transported in water and designed to fire crops and forests. This tactic was of little effect. DEG Degrees DEL Delay/delayed / T5 H- C( ]! [5 K1 `1 |DELAY Delays are incurred when any action is taken by a controller that prevents an aircraft from proceeding normally to its destination for an interval of ... DELTA Difference; error. DEP Departure

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DEPART FROM HOVER (DHOV) A guidance mode providing lateral guidance, longitudinal guidance and vertical guidance for a set heading or bank angle, a set speed, and a set climb ... . O/ C5 C1 c: F. P- B* t+ @; A: X7 P: `DEPARTURES The number of aircraft take-offs actually performed in domestic and international scheduled and non-scheduled passenger/cargo and all-cargo revenue se... 5 p) ~* j! u( _* @0 eDERIVATIVE Rate of change, usually with respect to time; Symbols: x dot, x prime, x sup (1), dx/dt, Dx; DERIVED Calculated values for which no direct measurement exists; Compare: estimated, filtered, measured, raw, selected, smoothed DESALT Desired altitude # ^5 j/ ~# [' ~4 C- _DESIRED What must be achieved in order to match a plan; Synonyms: reference; 4 L g6 q$ ^; b! M+ c# ^DESIRED ALTITUDE (DESALT) A guidance control law parameter, generated by the vertical guidance modes; altitude which controlled altitude is attempting to achieve Typical Units:... $ n% M+ U2 u9 J' oDESIRED PATH A trajectory in space determined by guidance to meet the current mission objectives; DESIRED SPEED (DESS) A guidance control law parameter, generated by the longitudinal guidance modes; speed which controlled speed is attempting to achieve Typical Units: f... DESS Desired speed & n3 @7 \! K9 g& ~7 ~* TDEV Deviation # K* u4 @! { E! Z! rDEVIATION Difference from desired; : S( q6 H7 m% mDEVICE A piece of equipment, a subsystem; Synonyms: physical device, unit 2 B. U% q% x. g, {# j6 C" T/ RDF Direction Finder DFAD Digitized Feature Analysis Data 3 a2 w4 B4 J/ NDFS Deutsche Flugsicherung AG DG Directional gyro ! n. i/ D4 w8 P; ?) a! l: \$ |DGNSS Differential GNSS DGPS Differential global positioning system. LA- prefix refers to local area DGPS; WA- prefix refers to wide-area DGPS signal retransmission schemes. DGT REN Differential GPS DH Decision Height ; b a0 `* B: X3 R$ O( rDHOV Depart from hover

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DIALED IN Slang term for the condition in which the aircraft is set up to fly smoothly and predictably. This is the state where the mechanics and electronics wo... " C& T( E2 {" Y$ w u3 ^! G; C+ RDIFFERENCE EQUATION Distance Measuring Equipment DIFFERENT EQUATION A mathematical relationship to model a continuous function, expressed in terms of derivatives; Initial conditions are usually given or implied. In avi... DIGITAL MAP GENERATOR (DMG) Digital equipment that produces map video, and sometimes contains TRN; uses Digital Terrain Elevation Data and Digitized Feature Analysis Data; Displa... + S5 Y/ S, L3 ^# hDIGITAL TERRAIN ELAVATION DATA(DTED) On a digital map, data for elevation of terrain; DTED is usually provided by Defense Mapping Agency; Compare: Digitized Feature Analysis Data; DIGITIZED FEATURE ANALYSIS (DFAD) On a digital map, data for cultural features such as buildings and roads; DFAD is usually provided by Defense Mapping Agency; Compare: Digital Terrain... 3 B' I9 ~: ]3 XDIGITZER Any electronic device capable of converting information to a digital format; usually refers to encoding devices that convert sensed altitude into a tr... DIHEDRAL The V-shaped bend in the wing. The upward angle of the airplane`s wings with respect to the horizontal. Typically, more dihedral causes more aerodynam... DIMENSIONLESS No units, such as ratios; Synonyms: unit less; 2 z* N$ P# j/ ^; ]9 |9 Y) X# N* F1 |DINA An American improvement of MANDREL airborne jamming device operating in the 95-210 MHz band. Also named PIPERACK when used to counter FuG 220 AI radar... DING Minor dent or damage to the structure. Also, a nick in a prop. Dinged props must be replaced. DIRECT Towards a point along the shortest distance; Compare: course DIRECTION bearing. ' _- [- J* a, [- D, XDIRECTIONAL STABILITY The tendency of an aircraft to keep flying the direction its pointed. % D! U& F0 c& h( o6 |DIRTY Extension of gear, hook, flaps, etc. for slow speed flight or landing.

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DIRTY UP Extension of gear, hook, flaps, etc. for slow speed flight or landing. DISCRETE TIME Time divided into quantized intervals; in avionics, time is usually divided into equal intervals to create a periodic process; Compare: continuous tim... : J$ v0 j& [9 S* H* SDISCRETE-TIME EQUATION A mathematical relationship to describe a function of time, expressed in terms of discrete time; Compare: continuous-time equation, difference equatio... + t" X8 Z. r4 j% T2 ODISTANCE Method of measurement dependent on use; Synonyms: range; DISTANCE MEASUREING EQUIPMENT(DME) Equipment for measuring distance, usually from an aircraft to a ground station; usually part of a Tactical Air Navigation system DISTRESS A condition of being threatened by serious and/or imminent danger and of requiring immediate assistance. " H2 Z; O% q# V4 N2 bDITCH To land safely somewhere other than a runway. + y' m. f2 P% P, L0 N" l t0 NDIVERT To change from a scheduled landing base to an alternate airfield. 2 M' \1 Y6 r4 x- D6 h9 w: dDLA Delay (Message of an ICAO FPL) + Z( _6 ]0 y6 a- V$ lDME Distance Measuring Equipment. 3 ~' @/ |) K) h1 TDMG Digital Map Generator * K5 t1 g% O+ L4 }DNS Doppler Navigation System [ d" N8 I% _2 S3 }DOF Distance Measuring Equipment - f5 }; C F0 o* p" ~) G! d; u7 @* NDOMESTIC OPERATIONS Operations within and between: the 50 states of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the United States Vi... 0 o+ c' h9 s$ T3 w- y2 t# b, }DOP Dilution of Precision (GPS) 6 i' I. S% _0 |+ ZDOPPLER A technique for measuring velocity by radiating and determining frequency shift 1 K7 E. ?6 g. D1 ?DOPPLER NAVIGATION SYSTEM (DNS,DPLR) A navigation for measuring velocity by radiating and determining frequency shift; DORSAL FIN An extension of the vertical fin forward of the main part of the fin, and against the fuselage. On the top, or "dorsal" side of the aircraft. 2 N9 v) d2 I) {$ E; m7 {# y6 [DOWN THRUST Downward angle of the engine relative to the centerline of the airplane. Down thrust helps overcome the normal climbing tendency caused by the torque ... $ U" D! g/ Y/ t8 q1 p. ], NDP Deal Pending $ ?7 O% M( M# ^% S( Q+ F, ~. yDPLR Doppler navigation system : k5 ^5 ?$ t' R) P# |4 rDR Ded (deduced) reckoning. 7 u8 m! T, l* U* P! uDRAG Force created by an airfoil moving through atmosphere, opposite to the direction of motion. The air resistance to forward motion. Drag can be increase... 2 H! d8 _: Q; H0 X( q Q$ SDRIFT Slow, monotonic change in measured data

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DRMS Distance root mean squared. 0 T0 w, a0 A u' Z* e7 W$ zDRUMSTICK Ground based interference with enemy WT transmissions in the 3-6 MHz bands 0 v: |8 m$ Y1 {. f. c% |DSO Data source object DSP Data Processing DTED Digital Terrain Elevation Data ' b! I4 w" r) V0 d/ }1 Z9 `DTK Desired track & O( Q+ P6 s9 ]DTU Data transfer unit - }8 I& D: ?6 Z h" B; IDUAL RATES Radio function used to adjust control sensitivity. DUAT Direct User Access Terminal (US Computer Self-Briefing system) # x. s/ X* O: {( p0 Y8 CDUNKEL-NACHTJAGD - DARK NIGHT HUNT; German night fighter zone not backed by searchlights 3 G- h* W2 k! F# }; jDUPLES Separate channels for transmitting and receiving - k5 I0 t/ n5 T2 `& Z) qDœPEL The German version of WINDOW. Strips of silver paper dropped to confuse the ground radars E Airspace ICAO Class E ' b7 I7 L. s+ K& @# e# d7 DEAA Experimental Aircraft Association EAD European AIS Database 7 O" @* ]$ J) s. g8 q+ lEAG European ATFM Advisory Group EANPG European Air Navigation Planning Group (ICAO) EARLY EXTENDED VALIDATION INTEGRATIONPROGRAM (EEVIP) An FAA program, first implemented for the Boeing 777, to give "out-of-the-box" ETOPS clearance to a new plane, rather than waiting for a couple of yea... ' R+ Z3 u/ V! R/ }3 D/ w4 k1 T8 p% E( ]EAROM Electrically alterable read-only memory, a type of digital memory device. 3 j. e' o# Q' w! \0 U5 A# J- IEART-REFERENCED FLIGHT PATHANGLE Angle in vertical plane of airspeed vector and groundspeed vector; usual definition for flight path angle; Compare: air-mass flight path angle; Symbol... EARTH COORDINATES Coordinates referenced to the earth; See Also: east-north-up; Compare: body coordinates, stability coordinates 1 k: \$ S3 B! s; wEARTH DATA Environmental data related to the earth at some point of interest; usually a function of latitude and longitude EARTH ECCENTRICITY A measure of the degree to which the earth is oblate; Symbols: epsilon; 4 _$ M1 O G+ u( j& aEARTH MODEL The earth model computes data related to the earth. Most data is a function of position. Standard models are: International, Clarke 1866, Clarke 1880,... 4 w8 h9 n7 y- P! NEARTH RADIUS Radius of the earth, function of position, separate radii for longitudinal radius and for lateral radius; See Also: state data; Symbols: rho; Typical ... , v1 K F% T A; n7 kEARTH RADIUS BEST SPHERE Gaussian radius of curvature EARTH RADIUS EAST/WEST Prime radius of curvature

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EARTH RADIUS NORTH/SOUTH Meridian radius of curvature EARTH SPEED Total velocity measured with respect to a plane tangent to the earth`s surface at the current position; a vector composed of velocity north, velocity ... 7 R( V4 e" v2 x* |0 { O" iEAS European Air Sports EASA European Aviation Safety Authority (planned to replace JAA) . Y* t8 X! p. n/ m9 A' OEAST-NORTH-UP (ENU) A standard earth coordinate frame and sign convention, where east, north, and up are positive; vertical, or V, is sometimes used in place of up; Synon... " }6 G. p/ n4 D" H" \EAST-NORTH-VERTICAL (ENV) East-north-up. EATCHIP European Air Traffic Control Harmonization Implementation Project EATMP European Air Traffic Management Plan 8 c. W0 v$ n6 w5 XEATMS European Air Traffic Management System 1 M. p! N1 @; lEATS Empire Air Training Scheme EBAA European Business Aviation Association EC European Commission ECAC European Civil Aviation Conference ("Association" of Europe`s CAAs) 4 K' N p% B3 Y. T; L: Y# V/ ^ECI Earth Centered Inertial ! u% D. _; K2 EECM Electronic Counter-Measures. 8 r1 M7 t* A4 [) x9 m. rECOGAS European Council of General Aviation Support % p- z% o% o2 ?/ cEDF Electric ducted fan. A battery-powered fan (rather than exterior propeller) driven aircraft. 3 t) ~7 X3 `) W0 X9 l6 P; PEEC Euro control Experimental Centre EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only-Memory 9 s; P6 x+ o! U n: M7 l% ]EET Estimated Elapsed Time . W: \% }4 |1 _1 |3 r, ]8 SEFATO Engine Failure At Take-Off (JAR-FCL) ' ]; f/ N5 q2 j" A7 P% ^ BEFDP European Flight Data Processing ! g% C( n2 _; K% d, a2 ^EFIS Electronic Flight Instrument System 9 F: A7 o) z" ^" t; W+ l6 bEFTS Elementary Flying Training School 1 Q7 B7 [, w, HEGNOS European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System * D- o5 H8 \5 E' p0 t, ~EGT Exhaust gas temperature indicator. # p* V; i9 y1 v9 Y4 wEHS Enhanced Surveillance (Mode S, 2nd step) EHSI Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator : I- m, C- t: q* R) XEICAS Engine indicating and crew alerting system. ELBA Emergency Locator Beacon-Aircraft ELECTRIC STARTER A hand-held electric motor used for starting a aircraft airplane engine. Usually powered by a 12-volt battery. ELEV Elevation 9 y8 q2 z1 i6 i! @# Z/ AELEVATION An angle in the vertical plane through a longitudinal axis; height above mean sea level, usually of terrain; & H, R3 D5 T/ u- }: Q- Z8 VELEVATOR Pitch control. Causes the aircraft to raise or lower its nose, resulting in a climbing or diving response. Moving the elevator down causes the tail to...

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ELT Emergency Locator Transmitter (crash-activated transmitter) EMC EATMP Management Committee # C* H# l( v7 S3 L7 I H6 X5 Q6 HEMIL ; Nickname for the Bf109E ; f7 f; O8 K" _2 L" c) V* e5 i. l) P5 x) dEMPENNAGE The vertical and horizontal tail surfaces of an airplane. EN ROUTE AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLSERVICES Air traffic control services provided aircraft on IFR flight plans, generally by centers, when these aircraft are operating between departure and dest... ENCAL Encoding Altimeter ENCODER Displays aircraft`s altitude on ground-based radar screens. ) I. C& s1 |* kENGINE The methanol or gasoline fueled power plant used in a aircraft. Two or four-stroke gasoline and glow engines are very popular in aircraft. Four-stroke... 7 C' K# e( V# V' y, a1 `$ DENGINE COWL A removable covering placed over and around an airplane`s engine. ENPLANEMENT A revenue passenger boarding an aircraft. $ ?5 E" c: b* l5 MENPRM Euro control (European?) Notice of Proposed Rule Making 0 r( \ [8 A2 [9 Y; b; D& cENU East-north-up 2 v( z: O2 |: hENV East-north-vertical 0 z: k2 u6 f" s0 o! B' QENVIRONMENTAL DATA Atmospheric data and earth data 3 [0 O* w4 J; \+ [0 vEOBT Estimated off-block time EP European Parliament EPOXY A two-part resin/hardener glue that is extremely strong. It is generally available in 6 and 30-minute formulas. Used for critical points in the aircra... 9 ]' Z, B5 U9 K6 f. {EQUIPMENT STATUS Operational status of a piece of equipment consisting of a status indicator and status words; Synonyms: health; 9 p0 c2 x5 v0 H: TERA European Regional Airlines Association EROS Brand Name for Oxygen Mask ERPROBUNGS GRUPPE Luftwaffe formation for the evaluation of new tactics or techniques ERROR Difference between desired and measured data; Synonyms: delta; % i \' b* U$ NESA European Space Agency ESC Economic Social Committee # H6 i5 D+ ?! r" N7 MESTIMATED Data that is the result of filtering two or more signals; Compare: derived, filtered, measured, raw, selected, smoothed * y' C. t' |5 b U9 e$ uETA Estimated Time of Arrival. The time the flight is estimated to arrive at its destination. ETD Estimated Time of Arrival

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ETFMS Enhanced Tactical Flow Management System ETOPS Extended Twin-engine operations. FAA designation of over-ocean flights far from possible emergency landing strips, in which the possibility of engine ... 5 w0 C3 u5 Q- G0 u& G8 j$ J% h4 yETSI European Telecommunication Standardization Institute , I% N* I) V* S5 e% qEU European Union EUAPA European Union Airplane Pilots Association EULER ANGLES Pitch, roll, and yaw EULER PARAMETERS Four parameters for specifying quaternion; Symbols: e sub % {* c" s5 y7 A. PEUR European Region EUROCAE European Organization for Civil Aviation Equipment EVEREST A standard model for computing earth data EXPANDED SCALE VOLTMETER (ESV) Device used to read the battery voltage of the on- board battery pack or transmitter battery pack. : R- `0 H" w* ?2 v, H% kEXPANDIG SQUARE SEARCH A pattern of progressively larger squares (a "square spiral") followed for searching the ground from an aircraft; Compare: creeping line search, secto... { ~- k% O. E7 |6 L3 P( oEXPEDITE Used when prompt compliance is required to avoid the development of an imminent situation. & S% Q! D; L( d- S/ j/ ~5 ]EXPONENTIAL This radio function allows the air crafter to adjust the sensitivity of the control towards the center. This will make the small stick motions very pr... EXTENDED OVER-WATER OPERATION 1) With respect to aircraft other than helicopters, an operation over water at a horizontal distance of more than 50 nautical miles from the nearest s... EXTERNAL-LOAD ATTACHING means the structural components used to attach an external load to an aircraft, including external-load containers, the backup structure at the attach... EXTROPOLATE Function to determine values from two or values in a table, when the given value lies outside of the range of the table; usually linear but can be hig... & w# o2 a) Y6 u8 v& A z7 v6 wF Airspace ICAO Class F FA Area Forecast (Meteo) FAA Federal Aviation Administration. - ~- L! B% `% `8 OFADEC Full authority digital engine control. FAF Federal Aviation Administration ( w1 E4 k; s- H K8 N1 tFAILSAFE A PCM function which moves servos to a pre programmed position if transmitter signal is lost or corrupted. % h6 E( e9 d, |' U6 M; VFAIRING A shaped area used to smooth out, streamline, or "fair", the joint between two members of an airplane to reduce drag. A wing fairing joins the wing an... 8 ^9 r7 ]0 P' J# n+ t# uFANS Future Air Navigation System (an ICAO project group)

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FAR Federal Aviation Regulations. The laws under which airmen in the US fly. FAR 36 NOISE LEVELS In order to meet FAR 36 Stage 3 requirements, the maximum noise level permitted is: *Take Off 89.0 EPNdB *Sideline 94.0 *Approach 98.0 " m' y5 W: m& [2 n7 c% H3 LFAWP Final Approach Waypoint FBO Fixed Base Operator , V3 ?. X: n* E1 lFBO (FIXED BASE OPERATOR) The small but important building near the ramp and runways of a small airport, from which airfield activity is coordinated. FCC Federal Communications Commission (USA) : n5 {: y) y6 N% @0 E/ n9 {/ K/ ~# VFCL Flight Crew Licensing , p% l, W. w6 `FCM Flight Confirmation Message FCS Flight control system FD Winds and Temperature aloft Forecast # } V* A. m. W5 I" F; {/ VFDE Fault detection and exclusion (GPS) ! P( E8 T6 F" _8 r+ R6 ^FDP Flight Data Processing 2 s3 P( d$ J8 v, P7 `* bFDR Flight Data Recorder FDS Flight Director System FE Flight Examiner 0 @; N0 P$ A9 A7 e& J/ `FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATION(FAR) 14 CFR FAR Part 91 - General Aviation (portions apply to all operators) 14 CFR FAR Part 103 - Ultra light Vehicles 14 CFR FAR Part 105 - Parachute Jum... FERRY FLIGHT A flight for the purpose of: 1. Returning an aircraft to base. 2. Delivering an aircraft from one location to another. 3. Moving an aircraft to and fr... FFAS Free Flight Air Space (Euro control Definition) FFON Flight Phone ! Y& j5 b9 Q: W; oFI Flight Identity (Code) - (Mode S Transponder) FIC Flight Information Center 6 D; [& i5 @6 x8 {# s# w8 WFIDGET Interference of enemy high frequency night-fighter transmissions. FIE Flight Instructor Examiner

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FIELD CHARGER A fast battery charger designed to work from a 12-volt power source, such as a car battery. FIGURE 9 Can be an "official" competition maneuver, or a badly-done loop. When the aircraft flies over the top of a loop and picks up too much speed, the momen... FILTER A device to alter a signal; software to alter a data steam; See Also: averaging filter, band-pass filter, complementary filter, first-order filter, hi... FILTERED Data that is the result of filtering a signal; filtering is usually more sophisticated than smoothing Compare: derived, estimated, measured, raw, sele... FIN, VERTICAL FIN The fixed portion of the vertical tail surface. # Q" T# K: r' J9 \# E6 ^0 b GFINAL Used to mean an aircraft is on proper heading, descent rate, airspeed, and altitude during runway approach prior to landing, or to a target prior to w... 9 P( K- ^' s; }! M: kFIO Flight Information Office " _* B5 [9 b6 _) J, P0 AFIR Flight Information Region ( x8 T- M+ [! S! F9 zFIRE RESISTANT (1) With respect to sheet or structural members means the capacity to withstand the heat associated with fire at least as well as aluminum alloy in di... FIREPROOF (1) With respect to materials and parts used to confine fire in a designated fire zone, means the capacity to withstand at least as well as steel in d... FIRST-ORDER FILTER-ORDER FILTER A filter in which the output follows the input, only more slowly; It is usually implemented in software as a difference equation of period T. The firs... # a" S; M; e% ^2 Y( a1 y5 |FIS Flight Information Service FIS-B Flight Information Service-Broadcast FISHPOND Device fitted to H2S to enable wireless operators to scan beneath the bombers for night fighter attacks from below. 9 x! H/ p- l, {( `1 OFIX A determination of one`s position based on external data, such as a known terrain point FIXED WING An airplane, as opposed to a rotary wing / helicopter; % P- L; q( \0 f) _/ c) P# KFL Flight Level, Altitude x100 = feet AMSL (FL 70 = 7000ft) at ISA : i$ d* h0 N5 h& yFLAK Flieger Abwehr Kanonen. German anti-aircraft guns " y1 [& `* U" ~. X$ g+ mFLAME RESISTANT means not susceptible to combustion to the point of propagating a flame, beyond safe limits, after the ignition source is removed FLAMMABLE with respect to a fluid or gas, means susceptible to igniting readily or to exploding X3 L' y8 [, d1 @FLAP EXTENDED SPEED means the highest speed permissible with wing flaps in a prescribed extended position FLAPS Hinged control surface located at the trailing edge of the wing inboard of the ailerons that act together to increase the lift characteristics of the ... 9 H/ [, {9 S: WFLARE The point during the landing approach in which the pilot gives an increased amount of up elevator to smooth the touchdown of the airplane. This maneuv... 5 `7 f! n2 ^1 U9 wFLASH RESISTANT means not susceptible to burning violently when ignited , K! b5 h: G8 W1 @5 c Q5 hFLENSBURG ; (FuG 227) German air interception homing device. FLGHT PATH ANGLE (FPA) Angle in vertical plane of earth speed vector and groundspeed vector (usual definition), earth-referenced flight path angle; angle in vertical plane o... FLIGHT BOX A special box used to hold and transport all equipment used at the flying field. ( V5 w# b0 z% GFLIGHT CONTOLS Controls in a cockpit for flying an aircraft; primary flight controls are wheel, yoke, cyclic, pedals, throttle, and collective; secondary flight cont...