aviation terms

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RON Research Octane Number (Auto fuel rating) ROOT MEAN SQUARE (RMS) A statistical measure of data; the root of the mean of the square; for variables with mean of zero, the standard deviation is equal to the rms; Compar... ' U. g, l; w6 w3 n4 _ROOT SUM SQUARE (RSS) A statistical measure of data; the root of the sum of the square; for a vector, its length is equal to the rss of its scalar elements; Compare: root m... ROTARY WING A helicopter; ROTATIONS PER MINUTE (RPM) A unit of measure for such things as engine speed. ROTORCRAFT A heavier-than-air aircraft that depends principally for its support in flight on the lift generated by one or more rotors. Includes helicopters and g... : ~; W( M( d# H5 v7 XROTORCRAFT-LOAD COMBINATION the combination of a rotorcraft and an external-load, including the external-load attaching mea ROUTE SEGMENT a part of a route. RPL Repetitive Flight Plan RPM Revolutions Per Minute. How fast something turns. It is both singular and plural. An engine can turn one RPM, or 10,000 RPM, NEVER 10,000 RPM`s. RPN Revolutions per Minute RPPL Restricted PPL " b2 P+ x: u" J) c1 }RR Rolls Royce : E- W. N% w# e& YRSO Route per State Over flown - p! m; [ A6 Z0 m& P' DRSS Root sum square; RT Receiver-transmitter combined in a single line-replaceable unit. ) F# l+ C# E4 `; RRTA Remote Terminal Access (CFMU) RTCA (formerly) Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics, now RTCA Inc. RT(F), R/T Radio Telephony 4 t! Z G! J7 @4 h2 vRTCA, INC. An association of U.S. governmental and industry aeronautical organizations dedicated to advancing aeronautics through consensus and recommendations. RTES Remote terminal RTU Remote Terminal Unit

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RUDDER The moveable portion of the vertical tail surface. The rudder controls the airplane around the yaw axis. Also used as a verb, meaning to angle the rud... RUNWAY INCURSION Any occurrence at an airport involving an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in loss of sep... D" t% I1 X' D, F- V- tRUNWAY XX Runways are numbered after magnetic compass points, minus the 1`s column (where North is 0, and 360, degrees). / g! Z: N8 C0 j) Z1 C \/ Q* \RUSC RVSM User Support Cell D6 }( H' @0 Y: f }& `4 URVR Runway Visual Range * @9 R1 q) {1 }) TRVSM Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum RW, RWY Runway RXTX Receiver-Transmitter S-PLANE Continuous complex frequency plane; S-plane is used in control systems engineering in the design of control laws See Also: Laplace transform; S/N Signal-to-noise ratio . v; T' E# `/ m/ w* k, {2 q# c _SALS short approach light system. 8 U+ s- |3 C3 h3 [% B0 cSAMPLING FREQUENCY Rate of a periodic process; 1/T where T is the period; Symbols: f sub s; Typical Units: Hz; Dimensions: 1/Time. SAR Search and rescue. SARP serial number / p3 ?; U: m( T9 X, mSAT Search and Rescue SATCOM Satellite communications system. . D/ _4 p% x8 K6 s _- ESATNAV Satellite Navigation (generic) 5 T5 a* ~& H- }. ^& x4 i+ USB Service Bulletin SBAS Space (or Satellite) Based Augmentation System (DGNSS/DGPS/WAAS/EGNOS) - Q; d6 m$ z2 r$ o9 o' KSC Stratocumulus SCARECROWS Flares which British aircrews believed were being used by the Germans to deceive them into believing they were bombers in flames. In fact they were st... SCHEDULED SERVICE Transport service operated pursuant to published flight schedules, including extra sections and related non revenue flights. $ ^' z6 d, V( n: }) C# ASCHR„GE-MUSIK SLANTED MUSIC. Upward firing 20mm cannons used in German night fighters.

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SDC Signal Data Converter SDU Satellite data unit. , K) Y, Y/ F# N; A) u* [SE Single-Engine SEA LEVEL ENGINE a reciprocating aircraft engine having a rated takeoff power that is producible only at sea level ) F% l4 u1 t9 u+ b3 }, e5 RSEALION (SEEL–WE) the planned invasion of Britain in September 1940 SEAPLANE An airplane that has floats, or pontoons, attached to allow it to land on water. 1 y# a& J9 p) I/ `. d" USEARCH PATTERN Basic guidance mode; provides lateral steering guidance to fly an expanding square search pattern, creeping line search pattern, or sector search patt... 2 h! _+ _$ n( ?3 dSECOND IN COMMAND a pilot who is designated to be second in command of an aircraft during flight time SECOND-ORDER FILTER. A smoothing filter in which the output follows the input, only more slowly; It is usually implemented in software as a difference equation of period T... SECTOR SEARCH A pattern of concentric arcs followed for searching the ground from an aircraft; Compare: creeping line search, expanding square search; 9 K, u1 m4 B. q4 r: x7 i3 t7 @SEEBURG TISCH SEEBURG TABLE; Glass screen on which the German night fighter controllers plotted the course of the raid SEL Single-Engine Land SELCAL Selective Calling system (used primarily with HF) SELECTED Measured data picked from one of many sensors; Selecting is the process of choosing the "best" parameter from multiple copies of that parameter, from ... SELF TEST A test internal to a device SEMI-CIRCLE A measure of angle, 1 semi-circle = pi rad = 180 deg; angles from physical devices are often reported in semi-circles in order to compress data 2 b# Q0 s" P& K X8 U0 QSENSOR A device that measures, receives, or generates data, for example, an INS, a FLIR, a map. See Also: Data Source Object 3 {" T* V7 K) j) s g' \, XSENSOR FUSION/CORRELATION (SFC) Measure of convergence of sensor data & g5 {2 S) r6 ^ g8 n V& O4 h" @+ nSEP Spherical error probability 9 O+ q* L, w( }SEPARATION MINIMA The minimum longitudinal, lateral, or vertical distances by which aircraft are spaced through the application of air traffic control procedures. SERRATE ; RAF airborne radar used to home on the German night fighters` Lichtenstein bomber detection equipment. SERVICE CEILING The altitude above sea level beyond which an airplane can no longer climb more than 30 m(100 ft) per minute. SERVO The radio component which does the work of moving a control surface. SERVO OUTPUT ARM The removable arm or wheel which bolts to the output shaft of a servo and connects to the pushrod. . C: F k/ }0 iSFC Sensor Fusion/Correlation & r y$ W: V; _ ~8 u7 X9 C% mSFE Single-Engine Piston 8 u( F+ i6 e0 v% V, E o# b0 pSFTS Service Flying Training School SG Sub-Group (of Euro control Working Groups)

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SHIVER An airborne transmitter used to jam Wìrzburg radar SHOT DOWN A "hit" that results in a crash landing. Sometimes caused by radios miles away. 7 s5 b! [8 u2 ZSHOW unless the context otherwise requires, means to show to the satisfaction of the Administrator SHP Shaft horsepower. (refers to turbine engines.) SHUTDOWN To cease normal operations " u. [: c" n) ]5 H' A# u- nSI Surveillance Identity (Code) - (Mode S Transponder) SID Standard Instrument Departure SIDESLIP ANGLE Symbols: beta; Typical Units: rad, deg; SIGMET Significant Meteo (hazardous weather warning) {6 V, Q( s8 [0 u$ h iSIGNAL Part of received data that is desired; Compare: noise, offset SIGNAL DATA CONVERTER (SDC) A device that converts unique signals to a standard protocol, usually MIL-STD-1553B; Synonyms: Remote Terminal Unit; . \* j; k* {- s- N& }( v6 ]2 GSIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO (SNR,S/N) A ratio of magnitude of a desired signal to the magnitude of the noise received with it; Typical Units: dB; $ H8 }6 G% a3 p$ C" [# v( N+ H+ wSIL Sachplan Infrastruktur Luftfahrt * i. C2 h2 w& H3 r/ jSILVER CROWN Trade name owned by King Radio. 4 l1 m, k% P& g' n& eSIM Simulator SIMPLEX Single frequency for both transmitting and receiving in communications; generally implies a push-to-talk function and verbal procedures. SIMULATOR A computer program which uses a modified radio transmitter, and a graphic depiction of a aircraft and flying area. This is used to give aircraft pilot... SINGLE SIDEBAND (SSB) A highly efficient form of radio transmission wherein information is carried on a sideband instead of the center carrier in order to gain range perfor... " E. D& |$ Z; d! J cSIP Slot Improvement Proposal Message SIRO Simultaneous Intersecting Runway Operation 0 Q1 U4 A+ x( W/ w7 p5 { w; ZSITA Soci©t© Internationale de T©l©communication A©ronautique ) F. i2 I5 E+ w3 u0 MSITUATIONAL AWARENESS Situational awareness provides the pilots with information relative to the current surroundings, such as other aircraft or threats in the immediate ar... SL Sea Level 2 |) V4 G$ ]0 N" D5 ]SLANT RANGE Direct line distance, not along the ground; / k) ~' \& X; USLATS Moveable surfaces on the leading edge of the wing that help airflow in low-speed flight. They enable the wing to fly at lower airspeeds than without t... # o& K' o- z- M6 V7 gSLAVED COMPASS North-seeking gyro-stabilized compass system. Technically superior to DG. ) g" J* K7 L9 ~# y1 V7 h. jSLIP A maneuver where the airplane`s controls are used to make the fuselage fly at an angle to the line of flight. This causes a tremendous increase in dra... SLOP Slop occurs when a control surfaces movement does not move the servo. Common cause is a worn linkage point or poor linkage setup. SLOT A specially-shaped slot in the wing just behind the leading edge. This directs airflow from below to the top of the wing, and helps low-speed flight b... SLOW ROLL A very slow version of the roll. SLP Speed Limit Point

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SM Statute Mile (1.609 km - ACHTUNG: Nicht See-Meile!) SMALL AIRCRAFT aircraft of 12,500 pounds or less, maximum certificated takeoff weight 3 |3 M* A' S; N3 D; j. [ @. uSMEL Single/Multi Engine Land SMGCS Surface Movement Guidance and Control System SMGS Surface Movement Guidance System SMM Slot Missed Message SMOH Since major overhaul. ) W& s% B3 z6 aSMOOTHED Data that is the result of conditioning a signal with a simple filter; Compare: derived, estimated, filtered, measured, raw, selected; smoothing is us... SMOOTHING FILTER A filter to reduce quick changes of a signal by attenuating high frequencies; See Also: first-order filter, second-order filter, wash-out filter; SMPI Time Since Major Periodic Inspection SMS Short Message System (Mobile Telephone Feature) SN Serial Number SNAP ROLL A type of rolling maneuver that is very quick and violent. It`s basically a spin where the flight path is in any direction chosen by the pilot. Improp... SNR Signal-to-noise ratio SOLO Your first totally unassisted flight that results in a controlled landing. ' j, n# q# H! P5 U/ E$ A5 LSOUTH AMERICAN A standard model for computing earth data 9 c. j1 V" g) C) v4 m! bSP Single Pilot SPA Single Pilot Airplane 6 d3 i% b( }8 V) S G8 `* vSPAN, ALSO "WINGSPAN" The widest straight-line distance between the two wingtips. 8 [3 Y$ w4 T3 ]SPAR A principal section of the wing structure of an airplane, going from tip to tip. {, {9 j2 M2 B- VSPECI Special Report (Meteo) $ | I! f- W1 U; V0 MSPECIAL USE AIRSPACE (SUA) Airspace of defined dimensions identified by an area on the surface of the earth wherein activities must be confined because of their nature and/or wh... SPECIAL VFR CONDITIONS meteorological conditions that are less than those required for basic VFR flight in controlled airspace and in which some aircraft are permitted fight... SPECIAL VFR OPERATIONS aircraft operating in accordance with clearances within controlled airspace in meteorological conditions less than the basic VFR weather minima. Such ... SPEED Scalar velocity; SPEED BRAKES Large panels that fold out of the aircraft structure to provide a lot of extra drag to the air. They are not part of the wing structure, but are usual... SPEED CUE Flight director cue to control speed; in fixed-wing aircraft, a throttle cue; in rotary-wing aircraft, a longitudinal cyclic cue SPEED ERROR A basic output from guidance to flight director, indicating the difference between actual speed and desired speed; Symbols: DELTA V; Typical Units: ft... SPERRY Avionics mfr $ c' n [: c2 D" k7 eSPH Single Pilot Helicopter

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SPHERICAL ERROR PROBABILITY(SEP) A probability that a percentage of three-dimension measurements will lie within a sphere of given radius, with the sphere centered at truth or mean of... SPIC Student Pilot in Command (JAR-FCL) 8 L1 `& M$ \8 g9 _SPIN A maneuver where one wing is stalled and the other is still flying. This causes the airplane to rotate around its middle while it descends at a high r... , c. t/ T) S; N* A' R n! XSPINNER The bullet-shaped fairing on the nose of the airplane around the propeller. This smoothes the airflow around the propeller hub and also makes the airp... SPLIT-S Basically a reverse Immelmann. The airplane rolls onto its back, and then the nose comes down to finish a 1/2-loop. The direction of flight is changed... 3 d* S; C0 Z, e2 e$ d: R6 O; gSPOH Since prop overhaul. SPOILER A control surface on fixed-wing aircraft, usually mounted to the wings, that provides roll control and lift; Symbols: delta sub S; Typical Units: rad,... SPOILER(S) Control surfaces on the wing that destroy lift. They "spoil" it. They are used on sail-planes because they can steepen the very flat glide of the airc... SQUAWK A 4-digit (actually 4-octal-digit - SQUITTER The transmission of a specified reply format at a minimum rate without the need to be interrogated (transponders) SR Sunrise SRJ Slot Improvement Proposal Rejection Message 1 }6 u, ~+ K* H, ?% WSRR Slot Revision Request Message . f2 ?" R0 W) Q: ]* pSRS Standard Routing Scheme (ARN) SS Sunset SSALS simplified short approach light system. SSALSR simplified short approach light system with runway alignment indicator lights. & M9 X5 M" H- l2 n( G0 BSSCVR Solid state cockpit voice recorder. # {8 {1 C a) J- x& v" }SST Slot Start Time # u: h; D& L0 Z* ]$ Q2 A7 uSTA Scheduled Time of Arrival STAB Horizontal stabilizer, "smaller wing" " ?8 i8 v* {$ ESTABILITY COORDINATES Coordinates referenced to the air mass; Compare: body coordinates, earth coordinates; : b$ K. P$ p9 e) |STABILIZER A surface which increases the stability of a aircraft. Most aircraft have two stabilizers, the horizontal (stab) and vertical (fin), which are mounted... $ A6 R* |) _$ K5 MSTAFFEL Luftwaffe equivalent to a squadron. & o. e) J7 `2 Z7 F) r$ m: q" OSTAGNATION PRESSURE Total pressure 6 N% A# G3 a6 o y& MSTALL When the air flowing over the wing cannot produce enough lift to support the weight of the aircraft, it`s called a "stall". This can happen if the air... STALL TURN The maneuver in which the aircraft is flown to a point at which the main wing is vertical, stalls, then is turned about the yaw axis to continue in a ... 9 |. b$ c3 J0 H- x V2 V8 `STANDARD ATMOSPHERE the atmosphere defined in U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 (Geopotential altitude tables)

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STANDARD RATE TURN A turn of three degrees compass heading per second. STANDARD UNITS Units commonly encountered for a particular quantity; STAR Standard Arrival STARBOARD Nautical usage adopted in aviation. The right side, as determined by an observer in the vehicle, when vehicle and observer are right side up, and obse... 6 e* z' j; Q1 y2 ^% J5 OSTATE DATA Data that defines aircraft parameters, such as position, velocity, attitude; Some standard terms for state data include: Groundspeed vector, wind spee... STATE-SPACE MODEL A mathematical relationship of a system in time using state variables, inputs, outputs, and constants; The state-space model is composed of n state va... 3 }: g' r* J! M/ G5 {' e; Y( R3 wSTATIC PRESSURE A measure of barometric pressure as if the sensor were not moving with respect to the air; Compare: total pressure; Symbols: p sub s; Typical Units: p... STATION A structure on the ground, perhaps containing VOR or TACAN STATUS An indicator of how well a system or subsystem is working * ~& G" z( u* [; _STATUS INDICATOR An binary indicator of a particular aspect of a device; status indicators are independent of each other; status indicators listed in this dictionary a... STATUS WORDS Data words reported by devices to indicate status; Each bit is defined on a device-by-device basis. The number of words vary from device to device. St... - U6 o9 a! [. N+ V) p, c4 ]# xSTC (1) Supplemental Type Certificate. (2) Sensitivity-time compensation. In weather radar, a technique and circuit for calibrating a display. % M: f' R5 C# }( X, Y& cSTD Supplemental Type Certificate STDMA Self-Organizing Time Division Multiple Access (VDL) 6 p$ }4 [- C ZSTICK A control in the cockpit which controls the elevators (forward/back axis) and the ailerons (left/right axis). + v: N/ B$ y3 k( E6 W/ G, vSTOL Short takeoff and landing ability. STOP WAY an area beyond the takeoff runway, no less wide than the runway and centered upon the extended centerline of the runway, able to support the airplane ... STRAP DOWN INERTIAL SENSOR Accelerometers mounted to a platform fixed to the aircraft; Compare: gimbaled inertial sensor + w, H* v6 X. n! {STRUT Basically this is a supporting member. A wing strut supports the wing, and goes from the fuselage to the wing. Cabane struts are on biplanes, and supp... 0 A' b/ e0 e: n" ESUA Special Use Airspace (USA) 0 g k: B7 D& H" s7 _SUB-TRIM This is a trim function on many computer radios, allowing trim function during set-up, and still allowing the full trim function in flight. ( {* H7 r9 L: C7 z( mSUMPS Points underneath each fuel tank to test for contamination like water or other debris. SUN Sunday (MON-TUE-WED-THU-FRI-SAT-SUN-HOL) SUPERCHARGED Method for increasing engine power. SURFACE Related to surface of water; 2 ^8 @8 v m; v: [$ _4 ?7 E. W- lSURVIVABILITY A survivability subsystem detects and counters hostile actions. SVFR Special VFR

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SWASH PLATE A device to control the pitch of rotors; on rotary-wing aircraft, the swash plate is controlled by a collective and a cyclic; Surface Wind Wave Motion... SWC Significant Weather Chart SWEPT-WING A wing in which both the leading and trailing edges are slanted backward, to reduce air resistance at high speed. 8 a$ z' Y; i: bSWM SIP Wanted Message SYNCH Engine Fan Synchronizer SYNCHRO Any device capable of converting mechanical position into an analog electronic signal. SYNTHESIZER Frequency synthesizer, an electronic circuit capable of generating multiple frequencies from a single crystal oscillator. SYSTEM Applied to measurements, means the best value that the system can determine. 2 [6 r2 h0 P' V( aT / T tonne . K/ `! X9 q9 h# hT/O take-off T/RS Thrust Reversers & z5 R, R6 m, H+ m* [TA Traffic advisory (TCAS) 4 Y+ V! f2 n2 d- u) ETACAN Terrain avoidance - O; k2 Y; n$ ]. ^$ TTACAN POINT-TO-POINT (TCNP) A basic guidance mode, providing lateral guidance to a point relative to a TACAN station by specified range and bearing; 8 t* ~9 `& |" N1 _TACHOMETER An optical sensor designed specifically to count light impulses through a turning propeller and read out the engine RPM. TACT Transition Altitude - M4 x# i) Y6 z I3 D: RTACTICAL AIR NAVIGATION (TACAN) A basic guidance mode, providing lateral guidance to a TACAN station; Equipment that determines range and bearing to a radio station with a TACAN tran... TAE Track angle error TAF Terminal Area Forecast (weather forecast) ' G9 J+ n. k# Y/ T9 n+ uTAIL DRAGGER The nickname of an airplane that sits on its tail with the two main wheels in front and a tail wheel in the rear. TAIL WHEEL The small wheel at the tail of the airplane. This is found on the type of airplane that has the two large wheels in the front, and the small one in th... " p5 _8 ~0 F8 ~# YTAILSKID On old World War I type aircraft, or pioneer-type aircraft, there was no tail wheel. A wooden skid was used to support the tail of the airplane. While... TAKEOFF POWER (1) With respect to reciprocating engines, means the brake horsepower that is developed under standard sea level conditions, and under the maximum con... TAKEOFF SAFETY SPEED a referenced airspeed obtained after lift-off at which the required one-engine-inoperative climb performance can be achieved TAKEOFF THRUST "", with respect to turbine engines, means the jet thrust that is developed under static conditions at a specific altitude and atmospheric temperature... : k# {% K+ a. T. X# x1 uTARGET Object or point pointed by FLIR or radar $ W/ D& ^3 K7 Y5 D0 Q d @TARGET CURSOR A symbol on a display, moved by a track handle or similar device, to select objects on the display

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TAS True airspeed ' G; B% N2 r* u# o3 XTAUT LINE Basic guidance mode; provides vertical guidance to maintain a taut line for a dipping sonar, or other such device. TAWS Terrain Awareness and Warning System ' ~0 Y% ?8 R* P, ]0 N& L/ _TAXI The movement of an airplane under its own power on the surface of an airport. TAXIWAY A road leading from the airplane parking area to the runway; always marked with yellow lines. TBO Time between overhaul - {* c' [. u) [( Z+ k$ CTC True Course 1 a1 S: p7 h# {5 QTCAS Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System 8 t' ?4 p9 U& Y$ c) i6 qTCH Threshold Crossing Height * L& H; M S0 O* Y+ @5 c$ r* nTCN Tacan TCNP Tacan Point-to-Point TDMA Time Division Multiple Access (VDL) TDZL touchdown zone lights. / I6 X3 n2 |* z6 i. W; S9 {7 e2 G: RTECHNICAL STANDARD ORDER (TSO) A performance specification and production compliance criteria applied to avionics and defined by FARs and the RTCA. TERMINAL RADAR SERVICE AREA(TRSA) Airspace surrounding designated airports wherein ATC provides radar vectoring, sequencing, and separation on a full-time basis for all IFR and partici... TERRAIN The contour of the earth; % g! ]1 e9 j% ^$ u# W j! {" P9 RTERRAIN AVOIDANCE (TA) Flight such that the aircraft maintains a constant barometric altitude but flies around obstacles; Compare: obstacle avoidance, threat avoidance; TERRAIN FOLLOWING (TF) A basic guidance mode, providing vertical guidance to maintain an operator selected radar altitude above the terrain. Flight such that the aircraft tr... % s7 i* i6 a+ r' i w, wTERRAIN REFERENCED NAVIGATION(TRN) A navigation mode based on comparison of barometric altitude and radar altitude with a map; Kalman filters correlate the terrain data and the altitude... P [5 K1 Z; s) n/ {/ I9 r5 gTEST STATUS WORDS Status words reported at the conclusion of a test. Values: test in progress, not tested, normal, redundant, degraded, failed; TF Terrain following; TGL Task Force 5 b0 ^5 y" ^; M* pTH True Heading THA Threat avoidance THR Threshold 5 T1 a! I5 ~" o5 P8 k4 q4 {THREAT AVOIDANCE (THA) Flight cues designed to avoid enemy threats, such as anti-aircraft artillery and aircraft; Compare: obstacle avoidance, terrain avoidance; 4 d9 R- n" y* z0 v3 E1 ?THROTTLE The control that allows the pilot to change the speed of the engine. In a car, the "gas pedal" is actually the throttle control for the car. THROTTLE CUE A longitudinal flight director cue for fixed-wing aircraft, primarily to control speed, by changing power; Compare: longitudinal cyclic cue; Symbols: ... 7 m: N- c' F: t! tTHRUST The forward force provided by the airplane`s engine. This is the force that drives the airplane forward

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TILT ROTOR An aircraft with tilting rotors for fixed-wing flight or rotary-wing flight; - v$ c& E' |" g; ]& X" s' S( GTIM Time (Euro control, everybody else is able to add an "e") ( f, O% V% k9 q6 I" T1 |4 jTIME CONSTANT Constant for a first-order filter determining time at which the output of the filter reaches nearly 0.6321 percent of a step input; Symbols: tau; Typi... G3 s- S: L( b/ v xTIME IN SERVICE with respect to maintenance time records, means the time from the moment an aircraft leaves the surface of the earth until it touches it at the next p... TINSEL RAF airborne jamming device used by wireless operators to transmit engine noise over the German night fighter control frequencies % P; @) n# |# B' w! y* A- i! XTIS-B Traffic Information System-Broadcast ; \! x V9 W# }, U) S- ]TKE Track error TKOF Take-Off TLS Transponder Landing System TMA Terminal (Control) Area TMG Touring Motor Glider 4 T( c1 L6 N$ pTNC Tactical Navigation Chart . m: l \8 t: a7 r5 q6 oTOLERANCES Allowed error in measurements TORQUE The force which tends to cause rotation. / f- j, w6 }" X' rTOTAL PRESSURE A measure of barometric pressure in the moving air; Synonyms: dynamic pressure, Pitot pressure, stagnation pressure; Compare: static pressure; Symbols... TOWER A terminal facility that uses air/ground communications, visual signaling, and other devices to provide ATC services to aircraft operating in the vici... & c1 K1 x% D4 |: B$ l% @TPC Tactical Piloting Chart TPIA Transition Plan for Implementation of Airspace Strategy 8 v) K6 }8 w% Y5 g& n4 jTR Abbreviation for Torque Roll, a 3D maneuver which begins as a hover and the torque of the engine/propeller rotates the aircraft in a counterclockwise ... TRACK (TRK) A basic guidance mode, providing lateral guidance to an operator selected ground track; - @2 _6 i7 s) C$ |( J: p) kTRACK ANGLE ERROR (TAE) A guidance control law parameter, generated by the lateral guidance modes; Typical Units: rad; TRACK ANGLE ERROR GAIN (KTAE) A guidance control law parameter, generated by the lateral guidance modes; * H' B" O6 Z9 _! qTRACK HANDLE A device to move a cursor in two axes on a display, much like a mouse TRACKING Tracking is performed by the TRN TRAFFIC COLLISION AVOIDANCESYSTEM (TCAS) TCAS-I provides warnings (TAs) of other nearby aircraft; TCAS II provides warnings and resolutions advisories (RAs), and coordinates RAs with other TC... TRAFFIC PATTERN The traffic flow that is prescribed for aircraft landing at, taxiing on, or taking off from, an airfield. TRAILING EDGE (TE) The rearmost edge of the wing or stabilizer ! z# y3 i1 P8 @7 R& ^TRAINER AIRPLANE A aircraft designed to be inherently stable and fly at low speeds, to give first-time air crafters time to think and react as they learn to fly.