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3. Navigation Issues. Pilots should be aware
of their navigation system inputs, alerts, and
annunciations in order to make better-informed
decisions. In addition, the availability and suitability
of particular sensors/systems should be considered.
(a) GPS. Operators using TSO-C129 sys-
tems should ensure departure and arrival airports are
entered to ensure proper RAIM availability and CDI
sensitivity.
(b) DME/DME. Operators should be aware
that DME/DME position updating is dependent on
FMS logic and DME facility proximity, availability,
geometry, and signal masking.
(c) VOR/DME. Unique VOR characteris-
tics may result in less accurate values from
VOR/DME position updating than from GPS or
DME/DME position updating.
(d) Inertial Navigation. Inertial reference
units and inertial navigation systems are often
coupled with other types of navigation inputs,
e.g.,_DME/DME or GPS, to improve overall
navigation system performance.
NOTE-
Specific inertial position updating requirements may
apply.
4. Flight Management System (FMS). An
FMS is an integrated suite of sensors, receivers, and
computers, coupled with a navigation database.
These systems generally provide performance and
RNAV guidance to displays and automatic flight
control systems.
Inputs can be accepted from multiple sources such as
GPS, DME, VOR, LOC and IRU. These inputs may
be applied to a navigation solution one at a time or in
combination. Some FMSs provide for the detection
and isolation of faulty navigation information.
When appropriate navigation signals are available,
FMSs will normally rely on GPS and/or DME/DME
(that is, the use of distance information from two or
more DME stations) for position updates. Other
inputs may also be incorporated based on FMS
system architecture and navigation source geometry.
NOTE-
DME/DME inputs coupled with one or more IRU(s) are
often abbreviated as DME/DME/IRU or D/D/I.
AIM 2/14/08
1-2-4 Area Navigation (RNAV) and Required Navigation Performance (RNP)
1-2-2. Required Navigation Performance
(RNP)
a. General. RNP is RNAV with on-board
navigation monitoring and alerting, RNP is also a
statement of navigation performance necessary for
operation within a defined airspace. A critical
component of RNP is the ability of the aircraft
navigation system to monitor its achieved navigation
performance, and to identify for the pilot whether the
operational requirement is, or is not being met during
an operation. This on-board performance monitor-
ing and alerting capability therefore allows a lessened
reliance on air traffic control intervention (via radar
monitoring, automatic dependent surveillance
(ADS), multilateration, communications), and/or
route separation to achieve the overall safety of the
operation. RNP capability of the aircraft is a major
component in determining the separation criteria to
ensure that the overall containment of the operation
is met.
The RNP capability of an aircraft will vary depending
upon the aircraft equipment and the navigation
infrastructure. For example, an aircraft may be
equipped and certified for RNP 1.0, but may not be
capable of RNP 1.0 operations due to limited navaid
coverage. |
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