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b. The runway edge lights are white, except on
instrument runways yellow replaces white on the last
2,000 feet or half the runway length, whichever is
less, to form a caution zone for landings.
c. The lights marking the ends of the runway emit
red light toward the runway to indicate the end of
runway to a departing aircraft and emit green outward
from the runway end to indicate the threshold to
landing aircraft.
2-1-5. In-runway Lighting
a. Runway Centerline Lighting System
(RCLS). Runway centerline lights are installed on
some precision approach runways to facilitate
landing under adverse visibility conditions. They are
AIM 2/14/08
2-1-6 Airport Lighting Aids
located along the runway centerline and are spaced at
50-foot intervals. When viewed from the landing
threshold, the runway centerline lights are white until
the last 3,000 feet of the runway. The white lights
begin to alternate with red for the next 2,000 feet, and
for the last 1,000 feet of the runway, all centerline
lights are red.
b. Touchdown Zone Lights (TDZL). Touch-
down zone lights are installed on some precision
approach runways to indicate the touchdown zone
when landing under adverse visibility conditions.
They consist of two rows of transverse light bars
disposed symmetrically about the runway centerline.
The system consists of steady-burning white lights
which start 100 feet beyond the landing threshold and
extend to 3,000 feet beyond the landing threshold or
to the midpoint of the runway, whichever is less.
c. Taxiway Centerline Lead-Off Lights. Taxi-
way centerline lead-off lights provide visual
guidance to persons exiting the runway. They are
color-coded to warn pilots and vehicle drivers that
they are within the runway environment or
instrument landing system/microwave landing sys-
tem (ILS/MLS) critical area, whichever is more
restrictive. Alternate green and yellow lights are
installed, beginning with green, from the runway
centerline to one centerline light position beyond the
runway holding position or ILS/MLS critical area
holding position.
d. Taxiway Centerline Lead-On Lights.
Taxiway centerline lead-on lights provide visual
guidance to persons entering the runway. These
“lead-on” lights are also color-coded with the same
color pattern as lead-off lights to warn pilots and
vehicle drivers that they are within the runway
environment or instrument landing system/micro-
wave landing system (ILS/MLS) critical area,
whichever is more conservative. The fixtures used for
lead-on lights are bidirectional, i.e., one side emits
light for the lead-on function while the other side
emits light for the lead-off function. Any fixture that
emits yellow light for the lead-off function shall also
emit yellow light for the lead-on function.
(See_FIG 2-1-9.)
e. Land and Hold Short Lights. Land and hold
short lights are used to indicate the hold short point on
certain runways which are approved for Land and
Hold Short Operations (LAHSO). Land and hold
short lights consist of a row of pulsing white lights
installed across the runway at the hold short point.
Where installed, the lights will be on anytime
LAHSO is in effect. These lights will be off when
LAHSO is not in effect.
REFERENCE-
AIM, Pilot Responsibilities When Conducting Land and Hold Short
Operations (LAHSO), Paragraph 4-3-11.
2-1-6. Control of Lighting Systems
a. Operation of approach light systems and
runway lighting is controlled by the control tower
(ATCT). At some locations the FSS may control the
lights where there is no control tower in operation.
b. Pilots may request that lights be turned on or off.
Runway edge lights, in-pavement lights and
approach lights also have intensity controls which
may be varied to meet the pilots request. Sequenced
flashing lights (SFL) may be turned on and off. Some
sequenced flashing light systems also have intensity
control. |
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