航空缩略语词典

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ELPRS Enhanced Position Location Reporting System. ELS Earth Limb Sensor. ; `8 `- N, {% i1 F5 x; BELSEC Electronics Security. ELSI Enhanced Longwave Spectrometer Imager. 6 k* b j: k: N! SELV Expendable Launch Vehicle. 9 D: ]; ~ s" u5 `Emanations Security (EMSEC) # h0 H* F9 y* QThe protection that results from all measures designed to deny unauthorized 5 n: n2 `2 ^! {persons information of value that might be derived from intercept and analysis of compromising emanations. ( ^' s! v; P8 ^5 N# v. OEMC (1) Electromagnetic Compatibility. (2) Early Midcourse. 9 G& O4 h" `) }% kEMCON Emission Control ' m/ |; @3 ~* {EMD Engineering and Manufacturing Development (previously referred to as FSD). EMDCT Expanded Memory DCT. " [' N* I9 B/ X5 GEME Electromagnetic Environment. , R2 L& F2 N, o+ f& ZMDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 E 93 $ O; T7 J( j" t! jEmergency ! t0 x/ {% @' |4 f2 p: qCapability (replaces % c, B5 V3 N$ ]2 q4 dContingency - M2 A# T4 M) I4 o ECapability) BMDS elements or components that are still in development or testing that provide limited ballistic missile defense capabilities. MDA, working with the ; i, B) s$ S5 x; oServices, will develop plans, which cover the potential use of prototypes and test , q- W8 _' k/ [7 g( z; F2 fassets for contingency deployment should the SECDEF determine that an emerging BMD threat requires emergency fielding of a BMDS capability. 4 x7 l+ s4 ]: [5 A! A$ T0 Z# J2 NEMF Electromagnetic Field. EMG Electromagnetic Gun. ( e# H6 t2 Z% O3 ?3 ?+ CEMI Electromagnetic Interference. EMIP See Exoatmospheric Midcourse Interceptor Program. Emission Control ! q o" i0 o2 Q(EMCON) ( Q) j, ?; L. [, tThe selective and controlled use of electromagnetic, acoustic, or other emitters to optimize command and control capabilities while minimizing: a) detection by enemy sensors, and b) mutual interference among friendly systems. EMCON can also be involved in military deception plans. Also called EMCON. EML Electromagnetic Launcher. A device used to launch hypervelocity particles. EMP Electromagnetic Pulse. EMPSKD Employment Scheduling (USN term). ' |4 m, k. ?% h, D' G8 wEMR Electromagnetic Radiation. 5 o9 O& Z# c5 _7 GEMRLD Excimer Moderate Power Raman-Shifted Laser Device. & H- {! @" J/ ]! ]! n: B# i. w' aEMSEC Emanations Security. ) V: D5 l5 y' Z' X4 mEMSP Enhanced Modular Signal Processor. " ~& ^/ B+ c8 ]0 k' [9 ?EMT Engineering Management Team. EMV Electromagnetic Vulnerability. o2 s) e/ E2 N; C( w* ~: uENA Engineering: Architecture and Analysis. ENCATT Engineer CATT (US Army term). Enclave Isolated resource – an SDS asset that has lost connectivity with other SDS assets with which it normally has connectivity, but is still capable of coordinating with SDS assets to conduct ballistic missile defense. Various combinations of - f; e2 y* D- _/ ~5 p/ Uconnectivity losses are possible; for example, (1) an operations center has lost & T4 I9 X/ i0 fconnectivity with Higher Authority, yet can still provide sufficient C2 and can still connect with sufficient weapons and sensors to conduct an engagement and (2) % L! |/ l1 F9 k. T( o" pan operations center has loss of connectivity with another operations center with which it normally shares data, but can still conduct an engagement. Endgame FOV The field of view of the interceptor’s sensor during its final maneuvers after target 5 w! s7 |, I' V3 ?3 y' D' r# [4 n0 eacquisition to intercept the target. May be less than the acquisition FOV. End Item The final production product when assembled, or completed, and ready for issue/deployment. 2 @- Y. p0 @& h/ f' r. ~' R/ JMDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 E 94 Endoatmospheric Within the earth’s atmosphere; generally considered to be altitudes below 100 km. An endoatmospheric interceptor reaches its target within the atmosphere. Endo- % w) b) \! K$ m- c+ O# a/ HExoatmospheric 6 z" S2 V- Q: m u* I, cInterceptor (E2 I) 0 u L# S0 B: XA ground-based interceptor capable of engaging RVs either endoatmospheric or exoatmospheric. (Successor to High Endoatmospheric Defense Interceptor 2 |! Z+ n0 e' T' V* ] j(HEDI).) 6 z; G& ^7 h2 O" t$ C# YENDOSIM Endoatmospheric Simulation. ) H/ W2 S% x# I. V4 A5 MEndurance The time an aircraft can continue flying, or a ground vehicle or ship can continue operating, under specified conditions, e.g. without refueling. / K' Z5 {+ ?" ]ENG Engineering. ENGAG’T Engagement. 6 c. x% I, l- j1 U- v. p% v% vEngage (1) In air defense, a fire control order used to direct or authorize units and/or 0 r0 i' ?! F0 {6 i# V4 @6 u2 u$ Xweapon systems to fire on a designated target. . ^% T8 m* y% y+ a(2) In air intercept, a code meaning, “Attack designated contact.” ! z) L( h3 D7 o REngagement (1) A period of hostilities beginning when the first ballistic missile target 8 w4 c" ]; e' U# ^9 Y6 Y5 ]4 rundergoes fire from the first defensive weapon. 6 Y3 N4 v/ e9 u; c" Z5 K(2) A period beginning whenever any hostile object is identified (designated) 9 @! h3 i; A, p6 B/ ~/ \4 `as hostile and ending after the last hostile object has been attacked. (3) In air defense, an attack with guns or air-to-air missiles by an interceptor ! J6 A: r/ K; M! zaircraft, or the launch of an air defense missile by air defense artillery and & I7 I1 U2 h! W3 `! g! l' hthe missile’s subsequent travel to intercept. & t$ ~3 W4 X+ |; QEngagement 0 s1 x. S3 ]! E( n" hAuthorization 9 O' D$ `( Q4 p7 B4 DThe authorization given to USSPACECOM to use weapon and sensor systems * K Y: t0 s- T; y% B! G% cunder previously coordinated and authorized rules, procedures, and conditions. , h' ?% Y, `7 ~* s0 Z8 MEngagement 7 n- y- W% N$ @3 X' l9 ~Control (1) That set of coordination, assessment, decision, and direction functions normally implemented automatically to execute the selected battle plan, / s# D$ S- l, L# R4 \military strategy and tactics within partitioned battle spaces (i.e., a spatial/functional subdivision of battle management). Includes the determination of: what specific objects to intercept in order to implement the selected military strategy, and which specific interceptors to assign to . ^7 X7 q8 L# aeach attacker to implement the selected tactics within the rules of 6 `( j- R! R T9 w# x9 cengagement. ! [" D0 {* [' a" \# |1 K(2) In air defense, that degree of control exercised over the operational functions of an air defense unit that are related to detection, W7 b/ ~7 n' M: }6 kidentification, engagement, and destruction of hostile targets.

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Engagement }. l' ^- e1 QPlanning $ g6 S q+ B# O: t; HA set of rules and parameters to be used in developing weapon-target + C( D( f. h4 nassignments and for sensor resource management. (USSPACECOM) Engagement Surveillance The surveillance required to support RV negation in the midcourse tier. 6 M% [0 b0 x' F1 I9 y, K; V+ ~" n mEngagement 3 @4 e# j* W! J: L# D7 S7 B& yTime , x+ Z3 P2 ~1 m7 G( L$ x% ?, h% [The time that a weapon takes while engaging a given target. This includes not only firing at the target but all other necessary weapon functions involved that are unique to that particular target. ) G& Z$ ?& }/ Q0 F3 L4 w- rMDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 E 3 ^( v& Q$ p( s+ R- I6 r- ^95 , ^& u' H( T9 u8 k$ Z o: FEngineering and 7 }- T! r$ z/ sManufacturing Development (EMD) The third phase in the acquisition process, following Milestone II. The system and its supporting items are fully developed, engineered, designed, fabricated, 8 P; H( \& N* F0 Q$ n/ p3 K( Jtested, and evaluated. The intended output is a pre-production system that , F6 y* p" O9 a" ~closely approximates the final product; the documentation necessary to enter the production phase, and the test results demonstrating that the production product will meet stated requirements. Engineering + g1 J3 V1 s# j( @8 @8 Z- ZChange Proposal " w6 \& m8 K) b(ECP) A proposal to the responsible authority recommending that a change to an original item of equipment be considered, and the design or engineering change be incorporated into the article to modify, add to, delete, or supersede original parts. + ~* e- C/ ]4 h& c6 ~Engineering Development * n. g* y2 t; z; w. p6 ?A funding category including those development programs being engineered for 8 P8 }% Y- u6 C1 F- X4 Y3 x& U6 Aservice use but which have not yet been approved for procurement or operation. Money under budget activity 6.4. , w" n# |7 D( {. O. PEngineering & x. K4 H4 T$ rDevelopment Model Enhanced Target Delivery System (ETDS) : p' U" e7 b$ I" GAn advanced prototype used during the Engineering and Manufacturing , `( K W: R% r1 fDevelopment phase (EMD) to resolve design deficiencies, demonstrate maturing performance, and develop proposed production specifications and drawings. ' B! o( {$ V; L2 r; O. PTarget delivery system being developed for future GMD testing that will ; J: `' P- f' `, u( I0 hcomplement existing systems, provide flexible, modular configurations, and will be launchable from land, air, or sea modes ENNK Endoatmospheric Non-Nuclear Kill. ENSCD Enemy Situation and Correlation Division (JFACC term). Environmental Assessment (EA) A concise public document whose primary purpose is to provide sufficient analysis of environmental effects of an action to determine whether to prepare 6 [ Q) D! |" J" k/ _- v5 ?0 Ran environmental impact statement or a finding of no significant impact. * t2 z- t' @& R8 S+ l$ }5 GEnvironmental ' Q# m% U% |- U# |Impact Statement (EIS) A detailed written statement analyzing the environmental effects of a major 6 M- l$ J, v$ ~7 q5 D% ?6 ~: {Federal action. ( O( s; T, q* l% a* xEnvironmental : C! v$ x9 p' Q& vSecurity A specialized form of physical security that prevents technical penetration, e.g., penetration by waves of electron beams. Environments The media, conditions, and/or physical objects in which a BMD asset is immersed or surrounded. For BMD systems and elements, the comprehensive environments definition consists of natural, hostile, induced, and storage, transportation and handling categories. 1 p A# R" w0 a4 g' f; E" x+ h* R5 GEO (1) Electro-Optical. (2) Engagement Operations. + _( n# j6 I7 Q; r& _4 x(3) End Office. 5 a& E& V5 e& m3 N4 O, A(4) Eyes Only. 0 M8 y7 k5 H7 Z6 CEOA Early Operational Assessment. EOB (1) Enemy Order of Battle. (2) Electronic Order of Battle. EOC (1) See Element Operations Center. 9 F/ v5 P! Q+ \2 H1 ]* B(2) Emergency Operations Center MDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 E 96 ! h+ ~% d6 O, R& E+ R* gEOCM Electro-Optic Countermeasure. EOCT Element Operations Center Test Bed. . m3 m6 A; `3 MEOD Explosive Ordnance Detail EO/IR See Electro-Optics Infrared. 7 m* q$ j! S- DEOM End of Message. % o' _) u# o$ B* cEOP Executive Office of the President EORSAT ELINT Ocean Reconnaissance Satellite (US). 7 i! E8 n1 K" a. PEOS Earth Orbiting System (NASA term). EOSH Environmental Operational Safety and Health. 7 q! v. G5 ]$ d3 ]# xEP (1) Engagement Planning. (2) Evaluation Plan EP Cycle Engagement Planner Cycle (NMD BMC2 term). ) h. n' r' T! P4 A, P% FEPA Environmental Protection Agency. EPD Engineering Product and Development 2 G' k9 m% R# \: h; P# @3 o1 r+ P8 {. TEphemeris/ ; E2 A5 H& ^# V+ [+ t2 C: kEphemerides ) u( X9 z% o& U2 B7 Z- p# @) q(1) A table showing the positions of an object in space at regular intervals of time. 7 Q6 k! I6 {* X+ k6 d2 c(2) A publication giving the computed places of the celestial bodies for each day of the year or for other regular intervals. EPITS Essential Program Information Technology and Systems. EPL Emitter Parameter Listing (USN term). + F/ P% G& O) H$ REPLRS Enhanced Position Locator Reporting System. EPO (1) OBSOLETE - ERINT Project Office (US Army term). (2) Element Program ) E' Y2 a6 u, ~Office. 1 U' u+ r' X& t$ \9 Y. s8 R& ^EPP Electric Power Plant (PATRIOT). : |- x, b& A5 KEPROM Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory. EQEC EurQuantum Electronics Conference (See CLEO). ; p: A0 i0 V" M+ o) O% B4 }Equipment Operationally Ready 4 P9 m" m# D6 a' x2 QThe status of an item of equipment in the possession of an operating unit that ! j6 o1 m7 N. s. [8 D5 E. Findicates it is capable of fulfilling its intended mission and in a system configuration that offers a high assurance of an effective, reliable, and safe performance. ER (1) Enhanced Radiation (“neutron bomb”). (2) Extended Range. ERA Explosive Reactive Armor / @. N& D) w6 P/ KERADCOM OBSOLETE. Army Electronics Research and Development Command. (Now * \% a6 F$ N6 P0 `$ ZLaboratory Command (LABCOM), Adelphi, MD.) MDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 E 97 ERCS Emergency Rocket Communications System (US). ERD Element Requirements Document. / |4 @ [/ B" _9 |7 n: o9 UERG Executive Review Group. ERINT OBSOLETE. Extended Range Interceptor. Now referred to as PAC-3. 4 [' D& \- @ B6 n9 X! I2 K, f9 sERIS OBSOLETE. Exoatmospheric Reentry Vehicle Interceptor Subsystem. + e; a, h1 }9 `(Predecessor to Ground-Based Interceptor (GBI).) & {( `# f7 L# {4 V; \- OERIS(F) OBSOLETE. ERIS Farm. ERP Emitted Radiative Power. ERR (1) Element Requirements Review. (2) Engineering Release Record. ' q8 S* Y& }5 I# \7 {: ~8 a3 uERS (1) Early Release of Submunitions. (2) Emergency Response System. ESA Electronically Scanned Array. ESAD Electronic Safe and Arm Device. ESAR Extended Subsequent Application Review. . B& m$ f1 z0 F5 A7 G; UESC Electronic System Center (AFMC), Hanscom AFB, MA. ESCN Existing Systems and Center Notebook. 0 I: H9 [' |$ m, V; j" FESD OBSOLETE. Electronic Systems Division. (Now Electronic Systems Center, 4 v. M- c7 L7 H4 jHanscom AFB, MA.) ESH Environmental, Safety and Health . x4 i' [* M) `( @ a0 ]ESI External Systems Integration. $ I, _/ n0 f `/ \# Y9 F1 xESI ICD External Systems Integration Interface Control Document. ESM (1) Electronic Warfare Support Measures. (2) Electronic Support Measures. 4 E& F' c6 t( y' `4 {4 B: j9 r) vESMC Eastern Space and Missile Center, Patrick AFB, FL. ESNet Energy Sciences Network. ESPRIT European Strategic Program of Research in Information Technology. ESQD Explosive Safety Quantity Distance. ESSM Evolved (Enhanced) Sea Sparrow Missile. ! o- C0 i3 c( X3 x4 t% ^ET&C Extended Tracking and Control. ( d5 C2 I. i' Z, t. L7 |1 S' l$ s5 rETA Estimated Time of Arrival. ETC (1) Electro-Thermal Chemical. (2) Estimated Time-to-Completion. 5 A# ? R7 B* r6 k+ NETD (1) Estimated Time of Departure. (2) Electronic Transfer Device. ! ?" I3 c" g( C9 O2 [- q. U- AMDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 E ' o* J v3 v6 j1 I: u98 ETERTS End-to-End Real Time Simulator. / l7 ?) L0 r- e2 UETESD End-to-End Sensor Demonstration. ( W; Q- a& S# J3 }ETI Estimated Time of Intercept. ETIC Estimated Time for Completion. P @) @; T% H0 Q, uETM Engineering Test Model ' P4 c' I4 [1 X) }0 R% u" JETR (1) Extended Test Range (Pacific Test Bed) (2) See Eastern Test Range. (3) / x' z! [/ a% {# ?- L* X+ OEnvironmental Test Round. (4) Estimated Time to Repair. ' j' e% {, U, h- r0 j9 RETS (1) Experimental Test System. (2) Experimental Test Site. EU European Union [formerly European Community (ECI)] EUCOM European Command. See USEUCOM. EURATOM European Atomic Energy Agency. EUREKA European Research and Coordinating Agency. EUT Early User Test. EV Experimental Version EVA Extravehicular Activity. - n, \4 i& q) ]1 B# ]Evasive MRV A reentry vehicle, which maneuvers for the purpose of evading defensive weapons. 7 k. L! O4 G3 J! xEvent Based Contracting Support “event driven acquisition strategy” by linking specific contractual events 2 o5 j! Q' b6 |+ Oto the “exit criteria” for the acquisition phase, or to intermediate development events established for the acquisition strategy. Event Driven , y, z* u% ~6 P# m( QAcquisition ( [+ I* H8 |5 r1 e- S2 I0 s' PStrategy An acquisition strategy that links program decisions to demonstrated , Z3 T: p* i( j/ \accomplishments in development, testing, and production. Event Validation A sensor element internal process that results in a determination by the operator 5 |3 o/ }3 R6 t" q+ Dthat the sensor is healthy and the event reported is real.

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Event Verification The process by which it is decided, from SDS external data, that the event reported is real. * {0 `& p G+ KMDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 E 7 U( z. \1 c5 g5 W, c% ?99 % ~, B* }$ K2 ?0 o2 Z* b+ q( [Evolutionary Acquisition + N- o& U, [3 f5 r+ G(1) An approach in which a core capability is fielded, and the system design has 4 a5 R5 V3 w) l) q' Da modular structure and provisions for future upgrades and changes as requirements are refined. An evolutionary acquisition strategy is well suited to high technology and software intensive programs where requirements beyond a core capability can be generally, but not specifically, be defined. : @" k* ~4 X3 a+ _(2) An acquisition strategy that defines, develops, produces or acquires, and fields an initial hardware or software increment (or block) of operational capability. % H l7 ~2 i, a( zIt is based on technologies demonstrated in relevant environments, time-phased requirements, and demonstrated manufacturing or software deployment 3 W1 K3 M& B; m2 r+ pcapabilities. These capabilities can be provided in a shorter period of time, % ^" e2 p! R7 Mfollowed by subsequent increments of capability over time that accommodate * Z+ d; R$ ?4 o7 n, V$ ]8 Qimproved technology and allowing for full and adaptable systems over time. Each 3 N4 F/ P5 _4 f6 Eincrement will meet a militarily useful capability specified by the user (i.e., at least 1 W1 K8 V9 C, m3 M4 Zthe thresholds set by the user for that increment); however, the first increment 6 c, n& ~7 Z" Lmay represent only 60% to 80% of the desired final capability. (MDA Lexicon) Evolutionary Requirements Definition 1 C/ F- f! |: IMission needs are first expressed in broad operational capability terms, and then 5 l6 H& f2 w Z. s) z+ @6 Kprogressively evolved to system specific performance requirements. EVPA Experimental Version Performance Assessment. EVPA/TEVS Experimental Version Performance Assessment Test Environment System. EVS Enhanced Verdin System. EW (1) Electronic Warfare. (2) Early Warning. EW/AA Early Warning and Attack Assessment. & E2 e. O. T1 ?4 Z& n a- E/ ~+ AEWCC Expanded Weapons Control Computer (PATRIOT). ( ^. H$ q9 @/ Q0 WEWDA Energy and Water Development Appropriations (US). EWG Event Working Group. # W! s6 v/ i, R4 MEWN Early Warning Net. EWO Electronic Warfare Officer. ! t) j& O, N1 V9 g: H6 sEWPE Electronic Warfare Pre-Processing Element. ( K$ A- h! K0 P8 I6 |& D- E; _EWR Early Warning Radar. 1 e/ F G! O* aEWS Early Warning System. * k2 N' k2 o* d- @EXCEDE Electron Accelerator Experiment. , R$ q; c6 _# e( w/ KExcimer A contraction for “excited dimer”; a type of lasant. A dimer is a molecule consisting of two atoms. Some dimers (e.g., xenon chloride and krypton fluoride) " L% {- M: x5 G) U5 X) ^are molecules, which cannot exist under ordinary conditions of approximate / S8 a' v4 I0 n( Hthermal equilibrium but must be created in an “excited” (e.g., energized) condition 9 q- L$ f5 p1 g5 F( _by special “pumping” processes in a laser. Excimer Laser (EXL) # I/ |) @6 j, B: w0 S r) bA laser in which emission is stimulated when a gas is shocked with electrical energy and the excited medium emits light when returning to a ground state. MDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 E 5 { I: K. Y( _100 EXCOM Executive Committee. Executable $ ` `9 b: u) q! \0 S' Q" [# `# zProgram A program is executable if the PM has adequate near-term approved funding. # ]0 _5 Q! y! z3 ^+ _Executing Agent The individual within the executing element assigned responsibility for managing 4 j. W, _ i+ W% N9 g6 iMDA funded programs. 2 x5 k1 t# y' ^. BExecuting / G# ~) q) L" i! s5 V; }, c& nElements ) S4 I g! S( I+ CAgencies or organizations (DoD or non-DoD) that are managing BMD-related programs. 0 |- C/ z5 O( E/ ~( [+ lExecuting Responsibility $ U1 b# ~& X+ A' l0 @% t; _Program Manager responsibility. ) ~1 U/ U9 }, t" u' j( @ s) C$ OExercise A military maneuver or simulated wartime operation involving planning, preparation, and execution. It is carried out for the purpose of training and ' c- k P6 Y' e: h+ Y1 ievaluation. It may be a combined, joint, or single-Service exercise, depending ' w. O5 P4 K# D. \6 Yon participating organizations. See also Command Post Exercise. 8 F$ Q) l* I4 D/ X$ eExit Criteria Program specific accomplishments that must be satisfactorily demonstrated 9 Z. G* I9 M! |) p8 xbefore an effort or program can progress further in the current acquisition phase or transition to the next acquisition phase. Exit criteria may include such factors as critical test issues, the attainment of projected growth curves and baseline parameters, and the results of risk reduction efforts deemed critical to the ! C! o( i1 B1 y) a" D" c( W+ z$ Bdecision to proceed further. Exit criteria supplement minimum required accomplishments and are specific to each acquisition phase. EXL Excimer Laser. Exoatmospheric Outside the Earth’s atmosphere; generally considered to be altitudes above 100 km. $ K X% q0 n( I1 u; J5 mExoatmospheric 6 S" T, W8 S, O# h7 E! I/ p- f, iReentry Vehicle Interceptor 8 C1 O2 U5 o3 }' D4 ^0 \Subsystem $ U8 s }, B' m$ f" v5 k(ERIS) % T5 V% l/ `7 o* E& S1 e' OOBSOLETE. Interceptor designed to provide functional test validation of GBI. 5 S: Y, Y2 P( v q2 O* F) aExoatmospheric & R+ K1 J% k" J" ?6 Q. r9 e* S9 eTest Bed (XTB) Flight qualified and range integrated vehicle to support other programs such as GBI-X. Exo Decoy A decoy that matches RV signature exoatmospherically. Exo decoys can use : w4 z d1 N/ B! L% Kradar and/or optical means to deceive sensors. Expert Systems Software programs, which use artificial intelligence techniques to capture and ( h) r) L9 u1 C* T, ]apply the non-algorithmic knowledge and procedures of human experts. 1 ~& Y) ]6 t. G- I: \" n7 ^/ FExpired $ L- j9 S* J* [+ K. {% s+ KAppropriation An appropriation that is no longer available for new obligation but is still available 0 u9 f3 A/ J# D/ y% Mfor disbursement to liquidate existing obligations. Under current legislation no 7 k: {" T) d) ]disbursement may be recorded or paid after a five-year expiration period. Maintains all original accounting identity, e.g. FY, appropriation, PE, etc. EXPLAN Exercise Plan. Explicit & p$ Y' g8 |- K/ M- x5 DCoordination # b1 ~6 X; d* R, \& |8 g3 ]A battle management technique which communicates results, decisions or command from one battle manager to another, usually from a higher command 7 X) G8 ?6 ~3 B( v }to a lower command. MDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 E 101 Extended 1 w0 h; A; v7 l3 s* e5 a- yPlanning Annex A document providing program guidance for an additional 10 years beyond the POM. MDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 F 103 7 M7 H0 C' g' [! u; G0 pF (1) Fluoride. (2) Fahrenheit. F/O (1) Fiber Optic. (2) Follow-On. ( E8 [, w0 j" r. ^$ j/ }" KFA (1) Field Artillery. (2) Feasibility Assessment. FA/RD Functional Analysis/Requirements Definition. FAA Federal Aviation Administration. ; R$ d$ Y2 I7 V! x' hFAAD Forward Area Air Defense (US Army). . j$ k5 p% V' M* e- oFAAD C2I Forward Area Air Defense Command, Control and Intelligence. 6 ]* }$ F% V: [) JFAADS Forward Area Air Defense System (JCS term). FAAWC Fleet/Force Anti-Air Warfare Commander. 6 z( {2 K) p' D3 J5 `4 G2 Y* ~FAB Fly Along Probe. 1 L$ \' \$ D/ d$ D: g; N+ H$ Q4 nFac Facility (MILCON term). 0 R: G5 l m6 ^1 Z4 C; g4 h* `FACP Forward Area Control Post (JFACC term). FACSPMF Federal Agency Computer Security Program Manager’s Forum. 5 a1 {! g) X( o$ r7 F1 F7 E; q u) W: yFAD (1) Force Activity Designator. (2) Feasible Test Date. % E7 F, d1 z" X" tFADEC Full-Authority Electronic Controls. 5 v9 V4 t5 N# d: ]4 o, u# vFAFB Falcon AFB, CO. ! m* K& J7 h/ E4 R9 oFAFBR Falcon AFB Regulation 9 d! {" u4 G: k3 k" l( \2 S9 l! ^/ hFairing Structure to protect the payload during ascent phase. 8 @0 q5 O4 m8 S8 {3 m( uFAIT Fabrication Assembly, Inspection/Integration, and Test. FALCON Fission-Activated Light Concept. - r: `$ b4 S2 \. ?, m) MFAM Functional Area Management. FAMIS Financial Accounting Management Information System. FAMP Facilities Acquisition Management Plan. $ m" ~6 Z! `( x% P) w5 W3 W4 ^FAMSIM Family of Simulations (USA term). FAR See Federal Acquisition Regulation. Far Field The region far from an antenna compared to the dimensions of the antenna and the wavelength of the radiation. FAS (1) Fly Away Sensor (TCMP). & ?6 n) ]& {0 P% ?( |# V(2) Federation of American Scientists. FAST Facility Allocation Study Team. MDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 F 8 r% G2 H( `8 ~: m+ @104 Fast-Burn J" e4 F4 a# o" C G8 C+ {+ w$ }Booster (FBB) . J) L T& Z! V, RA ballistic missile that burns out much more quickly than current versions, possibly before exiting the atmosphere entirely. Such rapid burnout complicates a boost-phase defense. FAT (1) First Article Testing. (2) Factory Acceptance Test. - X2 S) T( p) |- }" ?* H3 s+ s9 w' sFault Tolerance The ability of a processor to maintain mission effectiveness after some ) T# Z* g$ [3 m4 S& E: J' bsubsystems failed. 1 w2 O( W7 m1 i. K }- |Fax Facsimile. / T7 H" f8 D+ D/ Y4 @FBB Fast-Burn Booster. FBIS Foreign Broadcast Information Service (US). ' b. }5 c, {1 u e; @* mFBM Fleet Ballistic Missile. FBMS Fleet Ballistic Missile System (USN term). & e, c2 c# G9 u( mFBP Forward Based Probe. FBR Forward-Based Radar (US Army term). 2 L1 Z& Z7 h+ g; g, tFBS Forward-Based System. : m [) U: f8 f" N" mFBXR Forward-Based X-band Radar. FC (1) Fire Control [of weapons]. 1 B7 k* R w# x& G. G( J; Q(2) Fund Code. 5 N. v" X0 p- g" m2 mFCA Functional Configuration Audit. FCC Federal Communications Commission. 7 D( r* \3 {# x; K3 h: IFCCM Facilities Capital Cost of Money. FCN Fully Connected Network. FCO Field Change Order. # J# I6 ~% ~% J, b% l3 A. UFCRC OBSOLETE. Federal Contract Research Center. FCS Fire Control Section.

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FCT Foreign comparative testing. FD First Deployment. FDA Food and Drug Administration. / w5 [# M! m) {FDC Fire [of weapons] Direction Center. $ C. E; N% l/ H, T4 ~FDG Foreign Disclosure Guide. FDM Function Description Manual. " k- m1 M9 A8 D# n- yFDO Fee Determining Official. % `0 S- x+ Q7 I: ]. MMDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 F . Z0 c; l! d& s5 \3 Y105 FDP Flight Demonstration Program. ! T. s& |9 {9 H$ z( C! m. @FDR Final/Formal Design Review. FDRU Final Design Review Update (MDA PAC term). * H9 o$ Z" {) A) ?8 \. lFDS (1) Flight Demonstration System. (2) Fault Detection System. FDSV Flight Demonstration Space Vehicle. " k, T9 M' V f4 o8 yFDT&E See Force Development Test and Experimentation (US Army). FDX Full Duplex (Telecomm/Computer term). FEA Functional Economic Analysis. Feasibility Study A study of the applicability or desirability of any management or procedural - [$ ^* T9 D9 ?/ \system from the standpoint of advantages versus disadvantages in any given + K' I: U. y' s; d, q7 ocase. " P& \1 f) D' p9 ^) A3 c1 LFEBA Forward Edge of the Battle Area. FECA Front-End Cost Analysis . ~) h6 L! _: l) @* q6 `FED Federal. FEDAC Federal Computer Acquisition Center. Federal Acquisition + G) t! s) U5 LRegulation ) n- s1 f- X l( i/ h9 R4 CThe primary regulation for use by federal executive agencies for acquisition of 2 [7 f, j5 o# u# dsupplies and services with appropriated funds. It directs the defense program manager in many ways, including contract award procedures, acquisition 9 @6 x* F/ k2 X9 ?- ]( r Fplanning, warranties, and establishing guidelines for competition. The Military p; D3 M+ O; `) l1 Z3 gDepartments and DoD issue supplements to the FAR. The DoD supplement is ' Z& b/ w! r+ Bcalled DFARS (Defense FAR Supplement). FEDSIM Federal System Integration and Management. 9 ?; t( l. x4 K4 YFEL Free Electron Laser. 7 l" F4 O# J9 {' M. {FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency. Fenced Funding An identified aggregation of resources reviewed, approved, and managed as a distinct entity. The proposed program must be implemented within specified resources. Examples of fences areas are: Intelligence and Security, Support to Other Nations. FER Financial Execution Review. * F! g$ z p$ @" i* |8 i& Z0 fFES Facility Engineering Surveillance Plan. ; S8 U' r/ F) Y, Y# V! dFET Field Effect Transistor. / D4 N S7 F4 R& C: E; s9 u# E2 d3 \FEU Flight Evaluation Unit. 6 @4 I3 n3 T$ b' |- k; cFEWS Follow-on Early Warning System. ) S* E9 x9 ~, ^0 y9 d( H# wFF Fire Finder Radar (US Army. MDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 F 106 * J) j- l9 {- r8 I8 ~, j* eFFBD Functional Flow Block Diagram. ! O" g2 _# W! W! g: QFFCD Full, Final and Complete Disclosure (Treaty negotiation term). 1 P& f, f% V9 d u9 SFFD Fraction Failure Detected. ' A; i! B7 q( ~" {: e3 Z7 cFFH Fast Frequency Hopping. ! V6 U$ S' K2 K7 U) L$ V! B- LFFP Firm Fixed Price. , `9 P) `+ @8 p8 gFFRDC Federally Funded Research and Development Center. : r" V. c+ Q* R. f4 B$ T( xFGC Functional Group Code (Navy ILS term). FGEP Fixed Ground Entry Point. FH Flight Hours. / s% X( {" ^6 y7 `4 aFI Fault Isolation. - |) {' V, B% X2 U, _8 zFI&A Fault Isolation and Analysis. FIDO Fighter Duty Officer (JFACC term). 3 k5 d x- N8 m- y* _Field of View / S) t6 B1 I' v: C! h) \1 U9 @(FOV) " h( E0 r% Z: X( F2 T8 ]The angular measure of the volume of space within which the system can ! C8 I$ u2 I! e% W" mrespond to the presence of a target. Fighting Mirror (FMIR) Part of the GBL System. The low orbit mirror, which receives laser energy and 0 f0 W, n9 u4 p! |reflects it to the target. Figure of Merit (FOM) The numerical value assigned to a measure of effectiveness, parameters, or other figure, as a result of an analysis, synthesis, or estimating technique. FIP Federal Information Processing. / b+ x' d" q/ d, }, V: ?FIPS Federal Information Processing Standard. Fire Control The control of all operations in connection with the application of fire on a target. 3 ?: ]. [1 k! i) uFire Control System A group of interrelated fire control equipment and/or instruments designed for use with a weapon or group of weapons. ' V0 i# ]4 w. A" H# kFire Support Coordinating Measure . m$ {5 B1 y" X! F/ h. |& sA measure employed by land or amphibious commanders to facilitate the rapid engagement of targets and simultaneously safeguard friendly forces. & f- r% c$ \# Z7 C8 P/ nFire Support 2 |# X/ M4 r* \Coordinating Line 3 p6 `5 J- l$ c% f& N0 P$ T(FSCL) A line established by the appropriate ground commander to ensure the ( J/ q0 h8 S U# ^, A* s: _! t7 ccoordination of fire not under the commander’s control but may affect current 6 _& ^8 k7 e# V4 o/ Btactical operations. The fire support coordination line is used to coordinate fires - a" F6 I& R9 ~0 w4 T" b- p: bof air, ground, or sea weapons systems using any type of ammunition against surface targets. The fire support coordination line should follow well-defined , u, @+ D' D0 B6 {terrain features. The establishment of the FSCL must be coordinated with the appropriate tactical air commander and other supporting elements of the FSCL without prior coordination with the ground force commander provided the attack / R6 [3 l% T+ H! t+ y$ @ X( Rwill not product adverse effects on or to the rear of the line. Attacks against / q2 p& |1 ~, C% G7 s! Gsurface targets behind this line must be coordinated with the appropriate ground force commander. , L* _" k7 r- R8 X- l; FMDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 F & N* ~ l6 k- J) a107 ( r& \7 h6 j+ H5 B/ tFiring Doctrine The ratio and manner of assigning numbers of interceptors against given " z0 B- T6 K0 Q" V6 z! Zattackers. One-on-one, salvo, shoot-look-shoot, shoot-fail-shoot, etc. are examples of different firing doctrine. The priority of targets being defended and : s: E0 R0 G) v6 A- D F. \the number of interceptors available relative to the number of attackers drive # p6 x$ u* ?' v3 P3 edoctrine. Firing Rate The number of missiles fired per site per minute. FIRMR Federal Information Resources Management Regulation. FIRST Forum of Incident Response and Security Teams. , b$ c" B( u' Z# t7 J. e1 |First Article First article includes pre-production models, initial production samples, test samples, first lots, pilot models, and pilot lots. Approval involves testing and " X2 h; ]% f0 Revaluating the first article for conformance with specified contract requirements before or in the initial stage of production under a contract. , h" D1 r0 P. {3 q! T7 P. Z- h( {First Strike The first offensive action of a war (generally associated with nuclear operations). ! R# L5 S; e: {% KFirst Unit Equipped Date The scheduled date an end item and its support elements are issued to the - |8 A9 e7 u9 F: Finitial operational capability unit and training in the new equipment training plan : e% A# |' ?( N$ O- [4 \has been accomplished. 4 i/ M# `5 O6 e! H f$ C% XFIS Facility Installation Standard. Fiscal Guidance The annual guidance issued by the SECDEF in the Defense Guidance which provides the fiscal constraints that must be observed by the DoD Components in 2 D) _& B; u0 `. G8 O& Rthe formulation of force structures and the FYDP, and by the OSD in reviewing proposed programs. 6 D; z: E: c1 n) cFISSP Federal Information System Support Program. FIWC Fleet Information Warfare Center (USN term). ( K9 h4 C' T0 s7 p h9 NFIX Site Firing-in-Extension (Target Launch site in White Sands Missile Range Northern Extension). Fixed Costs Costs that do not vary with the volume of business, such as property taxes, insurance, depreciation, security, and minimum water and utility fees. Fixed Ground 5 n) q) U P* g c2 z* P1 z4 J: j4 HEntry Point ! ~1 [, ?. K- g6 `5 n& }3 `(FGEP) The subset of GEPs, which are not transportable. GEPs provide the & L$ w- V$ p# `; V. x% zcommunications interfaces between the SDS space orbital/sub-orbital elements and the C2E. Fixed Ground Station 9 M3 e6 C* b5 K! F- m/ xAll hardware, software, and facilities located at a fixed ground site necessary to 7 ^ W% }" R, `5 o; q$ Preceive, process, support, and analyze mission status and data, and disseminate operational messages. 9 P; G& }' |; X! ~! j9 T( _% MFLAGE OBSOLETE. Flexible Lightweight Agile Guided Experiment. (Predecessor $ U7 n2 w8 H; s# Wprogram to Extended Range Interceptor (ERINT).) ! k/ F. q. W" p; }' `/ i( wFLC Federal Laboratory Consortium. $ }. m _8 x; n! IMDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 F # D, V3 Z( e1 ]4 V% i108 & C. u2 A W: MFleet Satellite + m9 e, j t, n8 z3 iCommunications & l1 v; K5 Q5 N' M( \System (FLTSATCOM) , Z- T" r4 C: ?7 jOperating at ultra high frequency (UHF), FLTSATCOM allows relatively low-cost terminals with simple antennas for use on highly mobile platforms. It has a % i% q5 ?/ M. P) K* d7 h. [9 a; @relatively small capacity because of its much lower operating frequency. It provides a satellite communication system for high-priority communication requirements for the Navy and Air Force that encompasses almost the entire world. It supports other DoD needs as well. It consists of satellites in geosynchronous equatorial orbit, each with 23 communication channels in the UHF ! u4 ?7 C' H$ f; ~and SHF bands. The Navy has exclusive use of 10 channels for communication with its land, sea, and air forces. The Air Force uses 12 others as part of its & H. E' W# Z( L: XAFSATCOM system for command and control of nuclear capable forces. The system has one 500 KHz channel allotted to the national command authorities. Flexible Response : P3 c& P5 |0 o5 B+ _% YThe capability of military forces for effective reaction to any enemy threat or attack with actions appropriate and adaptable to the circumstances existing. FLHER Funds and Labor Hours Expenditure Report. " d& a& d. Q. w" g# [- W: JFlight 9 Y- W% }1 P: @' f. LDemonstration System (FDS) : p1 ~* I' [# F+ R# d: kPart of the SBIRS Low Program Definition and Risk Reduction (PDRR) program ) Q3 ]. | f, [9 u5 i8 v) \ l6 nphase. The FDS will consist of two satellites and a ground system being built by TRW/Hughes. The FDS satellites are to be launched in FY99 for a two-year test " E8 {9 H2 e% v: c5 Cprogram to demonstrate operations and performance of a SBIRS Low concept, % T6 K: _0 N% ?collect target and phenomenology data to support the objective system design, / `$ w5 |# l! {! Kand validate cost estimating models. Flight Path The line connecting the successive positions occupied, or to be occupied, by an " s! ~0 |) T! q% o3 @9 Eaircraft, missile, or space vehicle as it moves through air or space. (It is more commonly referred to as trajectory for space vehicles, especially ICBMs.) 0 O( J* O9 |1 t" ZFlight Readiness . \# l) d" Z& y4 s" P0 qFiring A missile system test of short duration conducted with the propulsion system / e: z/ M; ?$ n/ @; A4 F. x- eoperating while the missile is secured to the launcher. Such a test is performed to determine the readiness of the missile system and launch facilities prior to / e7 }& @/ z1 I* q# L h8 wflight test. Flight Test Test of an aircraft, rocket, missile, or other vehicle by actual flight or launching. ( a. j1 A' B; HFlight tests are planned to achieve specific test objectives and gain operational p* Z7 L$ z0 `; Xinformation. ; y' t: }; `( x0 a: f3 gFlight Test Vehicle (FTV) Prototype of airborne or spaceborne hardware used to validate a technology 3 e5 k, F$ j9 f: v/ f3 ^& ^concept.

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FLIR Forward Looking Infrared Radar. FLOT Forward Line of Own Troops. FLT Flight. FLTSATCOM Fleet Satellite Communications System. ( ~3 _0 W) X# ~) b* `, UFluence (or # b) L2 y* L/ E" m2 ^3 tIntegrated Flux) The product (or integral) of particle (neutron or photon) flux and time, expressed : _! K, _7 t4 b; Y0 B! t( E s5 Z! xin units of particles per square centimeter. The absorbed dose of radiation (in * o0 k, g5 T+ _; m9 xrads) is related to the fluence. (It should be specified whether this is incident or absorbed fluence). ; |2 _, S$ M W a' r+ S' a1 AMDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 F 109 Flyaway Cost The total cost related to the production of a usable end item of military hardware. Flyaway cost includes the cost of procuring the basic unit (airframe, hull, chassis, $ U4 @: ^; A% M" a% h# \2 detc.), a percentage of basic unit cost for changes allowance, propulsion equipment, electronics, armament, and other installed government-furnished 2 p+ W! H+ ]3 A6 `equipment, and nonrecurring production costs. Flyaway cost equates to " B8 l0 v! k/ k3 r* _Rollaway and Sailaway cost. FM (1) Flare Multiunit. 5 L$ h6 X- o2 F" E(2) Frequency Modulation. (3) Functional Manger. v$ q8 v9 d" @2 [3 f: p% j8 U(4) Force Module(s). 0 m# g7 V( K/ B7 u: J(5) Field Manual. FMA Foreign Military Acquisition. 0 T8 _( ?. S& M# }3 z/ HFMB Financial Management Board. FMC Flexible Manufacturing Cell. 4 l7 T9 W/ G. A7 hFMEA Failure Modes Effects Analysis (ILS term). % h7 c# j9 J" G3 \' d1 hFMECA Failure Modes Effects and Criticality Analysis (ILS term). 2 s4 L7 G/ C4 k8 ?FMIR Fighting Mirror. FMP Foreign Materiel Program. FMS (1) Flight Mission Simulator (PATRIOT), Huntsville AL. (2) Foreign Military Sales. * `+ i/ i0 u1 \, wFMTV Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (USA term). / n/ s3 p) v" \! AFNC Federal Network Council FO Force Operations (PATRIOT). 0 k8 i; q' d& \( [7 IFO Link Fiber Optic Link. `% ]/ _3 i. z' _FOA Future Offensive Aircraft (UK RAF term). FOB Forward Operations Base. / g' n- L% J( _7 y' CFOBS Fractional-Orbital Bombardment System. FOC Full Operational Capability. Focal Plane The plane, perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens, in which images of points in the object field of the lens are focused. " @2 e! H; n/ p X6 e7 S* f8 ZFocal Plane & d0 j; J: G! F5 k4 f2 U8 I# dArray (FPA) An FPA is a matrix of photon sensitive detectors which, when combined with low 1 q% q$ s3 I9 [noise preamplifiers, provides image data for the signal frequencies of interest. FOFA Follow-On Force Attack. FOG Fiber-Optic Gyroscope. FOIA Freedom of Information Act (US). MDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 F 0 _' ~' c% I: _- X; \( S) G7 E110 FOL Forward Operating Location. # L" D, f. i+ DFOLAN Fiber Optic Local Area Network. Folded Optics Any optical system containing reflecting components for the purpose of reducing ) ~2 v3 i. Q( Hthe physical length of the system or for the purpose of changing the path of the optical axis. Follow-On Operational Test and Evaluation (FOT&E) " R8 e# I7 V9 V* }9 hThat test and evaluation that is necessary during and after the production period to refine the estimates made during operational test and evaluation, to evaluate changes, and to reevaluate the system to ensure that it continues to meet operational needs and retains its effectiveness in a new environment or against a new threat. FOM Figure of Merit. FON Fiber Optic Network. % I; x- `& R7 `6 W0 G2 K VFootprint (1) An estimated area of possible reentry or the solid angle of a detector or linear area of a detector at a certain location. % `' `$ e7 n7 s1 M/ v- x" e(2) Geographic area in which a focused satellite downlink can be received. $ X: e5 A5 Q' X b* g5 A j sFOR Field of Regard. Force Closure The point in time when a supported commander determines that sufficient 5 D# z. d) u7 [& R, |personnel and equipment are in the assigned area of operations to carry out assigned tasks. Force Development Test and Experimentation ' w6 S8 Z* K4 w u, kTests employing representative users to examine definition of materiel * c6 R( E/ |9 Q/ i% grequirements or support/assess development of doctrine, training, organization, and logistics for system acquisition. (U.S. Army). Force Direction The operational management of the forces. ( |" D+ a0 C/ K: hForce Integration 6 e2 k* ~4 l* e% l5 O( \' gStaff Officer 8 @* t" ^5 s UArmy individual assigned to ODCSOPS to serve as HQDA user representative for : P2 w8 r# o" |9 ~4 Fa specific system. Provides continuous coordination necessary for integration of a new system into the Army force structure. Force ) e9 w( w9 j. t) q& r* b- uManagement * G, B) y- U) [, ]! XThe assessment of the effectiveness of the defense forces throughout an engagement and adjustment of tactics and the system configuration as # t# v" x9 V/ @. `5 L: U/ qnecessary to effectively allocate resources to satisfy mission objectives. Force Reliability The percentage of the missile force that will successfully detonate within 3.5 9 o8 h' s( U+ f" rCEPs of the target. 7 K% ]: V9 F. w* [9 bFORDTIS Foreign Disclosure Technical Information System. Foreign Government Information Information that is (1) provided to the United States by a foreign government or , T5 z* Y/ V8 Egovernments, an internal organization of governments, or any element thereof with the expectation, expressed or implied, that the information, the source of : d0 ^ `. X* ]the information, or both, are to be held in confidence; (2) produced by the United 3 ~3 @& y1 @# P! \% O* q+ CStates pursuant to or as a result of a joint arrangement with a foreign government or governments or international organization of governments requiring that the information, the arrangement, or both, are to be held in 2 v2 N6 e, I0 i9 ^( Z: ]confidence. / ^/ X7 o) H7 K' q7 g: M' w4 hMDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 F 2 g. Y0 } O: [2 Z- s111 Foreign Military Sales (FMS) That portion of U.S. security assistance authorized by the Foreign Assistance Act 1 |, x6 D, \/ n, _of 1961, as amended, and the Arms Export Control Act, as amended. The , x1 m. g2 C7 P. lrecipient provides reimbursement for defense articles and services transferred 3 l' K* [! M+ D% tfrom the U.S. Includes case sales from stocks (inventories, services, training) by A, W5 }# U1 T6 l9 M4 xthe DoD defense services. Foreign Security Policy Model % S8 d7 i) ?7 a2 W2 n' vA mathematically precise statement of a security policy. To be adequately 5 r+ w9 `8 p) O9 _. z% Pprecise, such a model must represent the initial state of a system, the way in which the system progresses from one state to another, and a definition of a $ q; L4 f5 r6 Z“secure” state of the system. Form, Fit, and 4 |& G4 P7 X* J- s0 O4 }, nFunction Data : ~/ r+ }! {8 ^+ U! Z# G3 V6 j3 [Technical data pertaining to items, components or processes for the purpose of identifying source, size, configuration, mating and attachment characteristics, functional characteristics and performance requirements. 4 Q" j# N# o4 t9 T4 O9 A `9 EFormal 4 X" \- [; G. z6 l% J, FQualification Review A systems level configuration audit conducted after system testing is completed to ensure that performance requirements have been met. Formerly Restricted Data 9 Q3 K) f0 X0 YInformation removed from the RESTRICTED DATA category upon joint determination by DoE (or antecedent agencies) and DoD that such information 3 n( _8 {% s( }: Drelates primarily to the military utilization of atomic weapons and that such % h& C6 C% @" Z% F q) @information can be adequately safeguarded as classified defense information. 9 [/ w, K; x. M% }& o& }FORSCOM U.S. Army Forces Command, Ft. McPherson, GA. # `: ~) J8 v6 P8 k$ S$ t) S% kFORTRAN Formula Translation Language.

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Forward Edge of ! z: L% K1 h* Z2 w2 L6 nthe Battle Area 6 _5 t* s, _ P8 a(FEBA) The foremost limits of a series of areas in which ground combat units are deployed, excluding the areas in which the covering or screening forces are operating, designated to coordinate fire support, the positioning of forces, or the maneuver of units. Forward Funding Carry-over of RDT&E funding into second year of appropriations availability. " `. p& _3 R7 @; Y1 GRequires permission from high authority. " [1 h9 ]6 W5 J( j4 j: E4 ?FOS Family of Systems (TMD). 4 R) @1 O3 O0 T' m/ ]FOSS Fiber-Optic Sensor System. FOT Follow-On Technologies. 0 r5 k2 V3 r8 s4 ^2 k0 PFOT&E Follow-On Test & Evaluation. FOTC Force Over-the-horizon Track Coordinator (USN term). FOUO For Official Use Only. 6 q+ Z4 L ] K' NFourth 7 X- w' Z6 M( F0 D# n5 qGeneration Language " _% _+ O4 p, }8 X, T" QA programming environment that produces both screen and report utilities for / a; x' \6 W* L0 r0 _6 o {, x. O- xuse by lower-level programming environments. 3 B8 v9 B: L! c$ f6 qFOV Field of View. FOV Radar [Full] Field of View Radar ) ^# K9 C# V* Z$ J% T8 rFP Focal Plane. MDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 F 112 : ^4 A, w$ p* l6 }FPA Focal Plane Array. FPC Facilities Protection Committee. FPI Fixed Price Incentive. FPS Fixed Radar. FPTOC Force Projection Tactical Operations Center (USA term). $ e. l {2 ?/ x4 \7 B, d" I. YFQR Formal Qualification Review. FQT Formal Qualification Testing. 8 O) k, j7 N9 e% {FR (1) Federal Register. (2) France. FRACAS Forward Reaction Altitude Control System. 0 j3 f: C! Q, v8 {FRACS Forward Reaction Altitude Control System. Fragmentation Warhead " a {: S1 A1 Z' s4 D3 m9 cA warhead, which releases small solid objects to damage or destroy its targets. FRAS Free Rocket Anti-Submarine. 2 ]0 ^! o' t4 ?5 F' J! XFRC Fire Control Radar & a& T3 }2 [! f8 A. b/ hFRD Facilities Requirements Document. Free Electron 9 J! T/ C9 C7 FLaser (FEL) A type of laser, which generates radiation by the interaction of an electron beam 0 Z# G6 O: m- ywith a static magnetic or electric field. Loosely speaking, free-electron laser 3 L0 E7 ^( T8 { Qtechnology resembles and evolved from that used by particle accelerators (“atom smashers”). Lasers, which are not free electron lasers, are bound electron lasers. & M9 @" ~1 R+ f. h) D& X' {8 KFree Rocket A rocket not subject to guidance or control in flight. Frequency & J. |3 M4 Y3 VManagement ' U5 J& g& }; V% [$ ], J8 N" xThe act of allocating frequencies, or bandwidths to a telecommunications system, necessary to minimize the potential interference between transmitting/receiving devices. Governing agencies and international agreement 1 p/ p) m. G9 F4 p$ F& t( w1 u- Ocontrols authorized use of a particular frequency, frequencies, or bands. 6 T( b7 G, g3 v& m" m, a6 RFRG Federal Republic of Germany. ! H$ \; A8 }4 \) |8 LFRN Force Requirement Number. 8 k4 c n5 ^0 Y5 x% J# P, k+ OFROD Functionally Related Observable Differences. FROG Free Rocket Over Ground. FRN Force Requirement Number. FRP Full-Rate Production. ' Y+ i$ P# `$ t7 T+ ?9 _, AFRS Federal Reserve System. FS&E Facility Siting and Environment (MILCON term). 1 g! N! w. r& Q8 OMDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 F 113 FS3 Future Strategic Strategy Study. 7 L6 t: |$ D: [FSAF Future Surface-to-Air [Missile] Family. 1 _3 Z( I/ h5 h6 |' R. }FSC (1) Fire Solution Computer. (2) Fire Support Coordination. W, k5 G0 Y" V+ l* E Q2 z# lFSCATT Fire Support CATT [for Weapons] (US Army term). FSCL Fire Support Coordination Line. 4 |2 C4 T, G0 s0 z' \& f6 C7 z ~FSD OBSOLETE. Full Scale Development Phase. See EMD. FSE Fire Support Element. / p+ J4 e0 v* ~- M3 o7 ?FSM Firmware Support Manual. FSP Facility Security Plan. : ^& G L5 K2 K9 P9 Q" MFSS Fixed Satellite Service. : m* P1 \0 O" U2 E& e6 RFSST Forward Space Support in-Theater. 1 ^$ _$ ~0 h* r9 w. C7 ~; o" T1 u$ ~FST Flight System Testbed. 8 w% w( t' l7 v% K" ?# a/ D& NFSU Former Soviet Union. ( x7 s2 R' w2 {( w2 s( uFSU Republics Former Soviet Union Republics. FT Flight Test. & l7 U2 d6 H. v: H8 A* z' | {/ PFt Foot + |' \3 P/ b$ T' x) E6 [FTC Federal Trade Commission. FTD OBSOLETE. Foreign Technology Division (USAF), Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. ! }6 u" R! j0 g& cSee NAIC. FTI Fixed Target Indicator FTLS Formal Top-Level Specification. ! w8 T% z2 b( n1 Z4 p" |' VFTP File Transfer Protocol (ADP/Internet term). & ?- y0 H5 b& E7 GFTR Flight Test Round. FTS (1) Flight Test Summary (2) Federal Telephone Service FTS 2000 Federal Telecommunications System 2000. : u* D% r; F7 y: [+ SFTV (1) Functional Technology Validation. (2) Flight Test Vehicle. FTX Field Training Exercise. 9 S0 u) G$ K# [% s" n2 K& vFU Fire Unit (PATRIOT). FUE First Unit Equipped. / S( ~8 t/ N. K* c! YMDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 F 114 # g0 L# O2 q+ N6 R! w- X5 X" a( hFull Mission # p: g; E2 \6 I9 v' YCapable Material condition of an aircraft or training device indicting that it can perform all of its missions. Also called FMC. / h- V% I+ S" l! \% [: gFull Operational Capability (FOC) The full attainment of the capability to employ effectively a weapon, item of equipment, or system of approved specific characteristics, which is manned and operated by a trained, equipped, and supported military unit or force. ; t; Y7 F$ n E3 GFull Rate Production 5 `5 x- o! N3 S) xProduction of economic quantities following stabilization of the system design and prove-out of the production process. , v/ U. p/ a4 @- G9 N/ B6 VFully Configured W7 S1 T |" nEnd Item ( x. q& a+ k7 `. u9 ^. EThe final combination of end products, component parts, and/or materials, which is fully ready for its intended operational use. Normally all production units are 8 b, c4 W* v! B4 qfully configured. Research and development units may be considered fully configured if they are or are planned to become operationally equivalent to the production units.

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Fully Connected Network (FCN) - g8 y1 G. R" D0 [- {! O0 n& |A network in which each node is directly connected with every other node. & j. _9 o6 t. M* jFunctional Analysis ! B# C% a- U$ t9 M3 Q9 ^5 V) LAn approach to the solution of a problem, in which the problem is broken down 6 e' h4 o" O0 b: u- |$ Xinto its component function, such as intelligence, firepower, or mobility. Each ' m* n3 Y* o( k: \& k' drelevant function is then further analyzed and broken down into smaller functional components until a level of molecularity suitable for solution of the problem is attained. Functional Baseline : f2 Q5 b7 s% F9 Q4 q& a; o: A6 x(1) Established after the system requirements analysis/design activity has + r( I Z: }1 d: n' |completed the definition of the system functions and associated data, interface characteristics, functional characteristics for key configuration ! z& I7 w v0 Q7 x" F' T" Iitems, and tests required to demonstrate achievement of each specified characteristic. This Government normally controls the baseline. (2) In configuration management, the initial approved technical documentation for a configuration item. 0 `: T9 R; W# Y! P8 I( m. q7 d+ |5 a(3) Documentation describing a system’s functional characteristics and the 9 O; O7 v* ^& u: m3 U8 _; Uverification required to demonstrate the achievement of requirements. Functional Configuration Audit (FCA) The formal examination of functional characteristics test data for configuration item, prior to acceptance, to verify that the item has achieved the performance 4 V. S! g7 Z- @7 n% ~specified in its functional or allocated configuration identification. Functional Economic - @# h: e- ~& _7 XAnalysis (FEA) ; `! G8 |- p3 b) q, @A structured proposal that serves as the principal part of a decision package for enterprise leadership. It includes an analysis of functional process needs or / X7 ]2 m1 H. k8 M' \2 `1 Jproblems; proposed solutions, assumptions, and constraints; alternatives; lifecycle costs; benefits and/or cost analysis; and investment risk analysis. It is consistent with, and amplifies, existing DoD economic analysis policy in DoD ! h8 a e) [" @Instruction 7041.3. Functional Kill The destruction of a target by disabling vital components in a way not & |: p* x5 Q" Y" D4 Fimmediately detectable, but which nevertheless prevents the target from # d5 l9 S. e8 _% Lfunctioning properly. An example is the destruction of electronics in a guidance e$ J5 i6 p1 K! p+ J' b) f# zsystem by a neutral particle beam. Also referred to as “soft kill.” Functional + y7 r" Z9 C5 T2 I, G. OSupport ' O E$ m* v' |Systematized methodologies and procedures, or a common set of standards, # E; \0 d8 Q, d: ?5 Z: q: X4 @9 t: tapplied to materiel acquisition programs. Functional ( \1 z" ?! a- y$ Z' b3 MTechnology Validation (FTV) \2 u% x. P1 R% `Program with the intent of proving or disproving a technology is useful for a given application. * U P9 D# {( y& OMDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 F 115 Functional 2 G7 q O4 x9 v/ [! j- ]Testing 6 z# R4 U; I6 Q5 F H; ~The portion of testing in which the advertised features of a system are tested for correct operation. Funding Profile Program funding, usually displayed in columnar spreadsheet format by years, starting with previous year through current year and out-years. ( n- d: c3 L+ d( d% u6 b+ z; I6 LFuture Years Defense Program (FYDP) The official DoD document that summarizes forces and resources associated with programs approved by the Secretary of Defense. Its three parts are the # U/ f R O3 b; Uorganizations affected, appropriations accounts and the 11 major force programs : P& `, t* N$ B- R4 S6 y) |(strategic forces, airlift, R&D, etc.). Under the biennial PPBS cycle, the FYDP is 0 U: }0 J2 ]+ W5 X: l+ D# zupdated in even years in April (POM); October (budget); and then in January (President’s budget) of odd years. The primary data element in the FYDP is the Program Element (P.E.). Formerly known as the Five Years Defense Program. FWCA Fixed Wing Combat Aircraft. Fwd Forward. FXBR Forward-based X-Band Radar. 9 g; F. j" ~/ M/ ^9 d; f5 PFY Fiscal Year. FYDP Future Years Defense Program. 3 V) m6 c2 Z Z9 F# R9 f2 ?MDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 G 116 5 ^' e( [" d# w, _5 EG Giga (one thousand million). 8 [* Z: ], V% k& \+ x4 m4 R6 wg Gram. 2 l$ V' o2 U$ X; G( ^* O6 _G&A General and Administrative costs. , t, j; c' P9 U* Z+ b: v9 F0 ~* SG&C Guidance and Control. G&O Goals and Objectives. G/A Ground-to-Air G/G Ground-to-Ground. / }" k+ f+ T ?6 t$ z6 h" XGaAs Gallium Arsenide. / x+ Z; A3 K5 t4 j* EGalosh The Soviet Anti-Ballistic Missile system built to defend Moscow from missile ' U+ u; d) c2 R7 X4 k1 \! T+ L5 battack. Gamma-Ray Electromagnetic radiation resulting from nuclear transitions. Although incorrect, high-energy radiation, particularly “bremsstrahlung,” is sometimes referred to as gamma radiation. ; q8 S1 Q7 W1 O7 K; BGamma-Ray / u$ A7 E) u. O% K I1 b6 RLaser . P1 l3 Z- l1 u, |A laser which generates a beam of gamma rays; also called a “graser.” A 5 Y5 s' b+ l/ {4 h' {0 z4 ugamma-ray laser, if developed, would be a type of x-ray laser; although it would 6 z0 o/ D6 e7 k) Lemploy nuclear reactions, it need not (but might) employ nuclear fission or fusion reactions or explosions. ) Q4 |: B4 Z5 IGAMS GPS (Global Positioning System)-Aided Munitions. GaNMPA Gallium Nitride Microwave Power Amplifiers. (A demonstration program to develop 9 \0 Y4 E* V1 L/ ]5 b& KGaN based transistors and integrated circuits for power amplifiers in systems such as Ground Based Radar. Goal is to reduce total weight and size by a factor of 10). GAO General Accounting Office. GARDIAN General Area Defense Integrated Anti-missile Laser System. 6 l3 D; N& r. P2 S, t! T+ vGAT Government Acceptance Testing. GAT CALL Guidance, Apportionment, and Targeting Call (JFACC term). # W' ^4 ~( `5 R2 ?# OGATE Graphic Analysis Tool Environment. $ n$ F' P- k0 d2 h2 Q3 vGateway An element that contained a node on the SDS backbone network as well as on some other network(s) and would have performed protocol and format . Y0 ~' Z/ V) P9 K5 ~7 Dconversions necessary to accept messages from one network and retransmit ) c( s# C8 Z# h) P/ z. S; i0 Vthem on the other. GATS GPS (Global Positioning System)-Aided Targeting System. 5 q2 B F5 W& y+ ~GB (1) Ground-Based. (2) Gigabyte. ) Z9 n/ E# V0 Z, g6 I* D* ~GBD Global Burst Detector. 6 ~, q! R: i( m/ AGBDL Ground-Based Data Link. 0 c4 F* P9 i5 D8 [/ ?MDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 G 117 GBEV Ground Based Experimental Version. GBFEL Ground-Based Free Electron Laser. GBHE Ground-Based Hypervelocity Gun Experiment. GBHRG Ground-Based Hypervelocity Rail Gun. : L( P- [ C& `, t; o" p6 VGBI OBSOLETE. See Ground-Based Interceptor. GBI-P Ground-Based Interceptor – Prototype. 5 m) v' C X( c& n1 m9 TGBI-X Ground-Based Interceptor Experiment. GBKV Ground-Based Kinetic Kill Vehicle. . q0 |. M+ M3 Z1 y2 cGBL Ground-Based Laser. : w* u, m2 [) h7 r4 i/ |1 z' pGBLD Ground-Based Launcher Demonstration. 2 j' P, }/ z( U: N% v5 {2 g- q r( iGBLRS Ground-Based Laser Repeater Station. 3 |+ m3 t4 T* \9 W5 DGBM Global Battle Managers. 7 ?1 S$ n+ E" y/ XGBMD Global Ballistic Missile Defense. - P! g- r7 o9 Q/ H+ s3 BGBMI Ground-Based Midcourse Interceptor. 0 h# F1 B$ H( qGBOS Ground-Based Optical System. 5 F0 e U+ K; {( f( s' ^) H' DGBPST Ground-Based Passive Signal Tracking. GBR See Ground-Based Radar. GBR-M Ground-Based Radar-Midcourse. GBR-O Ground-Based Radar-Objective. / N3 B3 l# V' Z# {7 sGBR-P Ground-Based Radar-Prototype. 7 L, S! {- U6 _ i) v% Y) A* MGBRT Ground-Based Radar Terminal. 3 o: `6 ?) B. u3 G5 L# XGBR-X The experimental version of the GBR. / q) F: A9 f6 }5 V2 Q: uGBRF Ground-Based Radio Frequency.

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GBRI Ground-Based Rocket Interceptor. - g1 ?$ L5 s1 \+ M+ [6 h' fGBRT Ground-Based Radar Terminal. GBS Ground-Based Sensor. GCA (1) Guidance, Control, and Avionics. (2) Guidance, Control, and Airframe. ' z% T O: N: _GCC Ground Component Commander (JFACC term). * g( m* F5 h% }" u8 G" }2 ]GCCS Global Command and Control System. MDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 G 9 r& m& W8 O! ^- I% L% P118 ; k3 k) W. Y" l p2 @$ K" u7 qGCI Ground Control Intercept. GCN Ground Communications Network. GCS Ground Control Station. GD General Dynamics. GDL Gas Dynamic Laser. l7 |9 N* R. W6 _GEDI Ground-Based Electromagnetically-Launched Defensive Impactors. GEM Guidance Enhancement Missile (PATRIOT). , f. g5 e9 ^" k# i) bGeneral Manager P( w% \! A6 P0 AProgram Management Directive (GPMD) 5 Q8 M: ^9 i/ l( @& gOBSOLETE. The primary document used by the GM to direct the Service BMD PEO on the specific actions necessary to fulfill BMD program requirements. General & O; b2 u1 [* d# j8 H3 S. DSpecifications A general specification covers requirements common to two or more types, 0 Z4 H, `5 ^# f- \1 S& n7 ^4 Jclasses, grades, or styles of products, services or materials; this avoids the repetition of common requirements in detail specifications. It also permits changes to common requirements to be readily affected. General specifications may also be used to cover common requirements for weapons systems and 6 B& c* U: B5 w* X5 N8 J+ ]subsystems. 8 D4 N! z( d( c" D8 B0 TGeneric Rest of & J5 C3 } C8 l- s1 R4 Q$ E- TWorld Target 1 M) f! t- Y. @- G9 M1 ` d* {7 E(GROW) . H2 @7 _) S3 x) @8 a8 G7 WStrategic target being developed for GMD program. 1 S! m, b1 z9 w& P+ M J* E; ~6 OGEO Geo-synchronous Earth Orbit. GEODSS Ground-based Electro-Optical Deep Space Surveillance System. Geo-stationary Orbit (GSO) ( t3 L2 W C2 aAn orbit 35,784 km above the equator. A satellite placed in such an orbit revolves around the earth once per day, maintaining the same position relative / l9 L: _( D% nto the surface of the earth. It appears to be stationary, and is useful as a 0 M5 F! s, x J( `: `* L4 ocommunications relay or as a surveillance post. / E! Z& W$ `" t) Q- |9 T BGEP OBSOLETE. Ground Entry Point. IFICS. GES Ground Engineering System. ' E) r E9 J- ?# OGFE Government Furnished Equipment. See Government Furnished Property. GFI Government Furnished Information. 0 c% {! E* U; KGFM Government Furnished Material. GFM/P Government Furnished Material and Property. See Government Furnished : i" l! O1 C0 P: U7 D$ ]! r8 H5 xProperty. GFP Government Furnished Property. GFS Government Furnished Software. See Government Furnished Property. 0 l4 q5 d0 f% `* N4 ]& v5 DMDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 G 0 L ?; X% S- y/ O" P119 l% I" j6 J: u/ i; b7 @! SGhosting This condition occurs when two or more targets reside close to the same plane 9 Y$ w# W) { l0 e. S+ N: Y. salso containing two sensors viewing the targets so they are within experimental # A, M& C B1 p, H$ r+ L/ o2 A. wdetermination of having the same hinge angle F. Thus, ghosting depends on * i: N3 Q1 O3 Y* s+ M5 GLOS error and positions. 8 F8 I" M8 ~* Q. NGHz Giga Hertz (1 x 10(9) Hz). & V+ V2 n" V7 n! F: t- F& ~; QGIDEP Government/Industry Data Exchange Program. GIF Generic Interface. 0 a2 @$ n! ]( jGII Global Information Infrastructure. 7 U3 R) W) \1 p* @4 q" SGIP Ground Impact Point. 5 C- a+ \$ s) W) W: I2 r9 m4 e( ^GIS Geographic Information System. GITIS Government Integrated Technical Information System. * B; Q- S: O M: qGLCM Ground-Launched Cruise Missile. ; p5 B6 r: [" D4 i) z3 j8 HGLP Ground Launched Probe. See Brilliant Eyes Probe. 4 u# r1 n; p k, M" `2 @' uGlobal Environment , v" `, w. Y, y, l; T4 d' SThe ISTC Global Environment is responsible for the creation, propagation, and % f6 Y+ ?- S/ y0 [1 lmaintenance of test scenario common knowledge, how subsets of this information will be determined, and how common knowledge will be disseminated a* {8 m3 E/ `to the various element representations (nodes). The Global Environment performs functions which are common to the scenario such as timing, health, 9 X4 J2 P& |% @3 ?( [7 Fstatus, state vectors of objects, and effects models. Global Positioning System (GPS) The NAVSTAR Global Positioning System is a space-based radio navigation network providing precise positioning and navigation needs of all the military services. In the fully operational configuration, there will be 18 satellites in six orbital planes with an orbit period of 12 hours at 10,900 nautical miles altitude. 2 y. c a8 y' Q2 y; cEach satellite transmits three L-band, pseudo-random noise-coded signals, one * [0 Z( _" ] y* A2 dS-band, and one ultra high frequency for spacecraft-to-spacecraft data relay. 3 _+ A% i$ F$ y. l# |( iGlobal Protection 8 M; k: D. t7 JAgainst Limited Strikes (GPALS) ; ~3 x* Q1 @6 V; rOBSOLETE. GPALS was an architecture denoting an anti-missile system + ?+ |7 z4 N' k: ?2 \: Gdesigned to provide protection against limited ballistic missile strikes, be they & _6 _! G* t! m3 G& P- udeliberate, accidental or unauthorized—whatever their source. GPALS was composed of three interrelated segments: (1) theater ballistic missile defenses, ! L# e( R. q, U! `% s, h1 \+ P, Z) P& qand associated space-based sensors, to protect U.S. forces deployed abroad, and our friends and allies; (2) ground-based defenses, with space sensors, to protect the entire United States against long-range ballistic missiles; and (3) # {3 i, P, s) x" h- l( ~interceptors based in space – Brilliant Pebbles – capable of providing # e( @, o! t% E1 ?continuous, global coverage by intercepting enemy ballistic missiles with ranges greater than several hundred miles. Global Protection Against Limited Strikes (GPALS) N; y0 T$ e" I7 _Program OBSOLETE. The GPALS Program consisted of six Major Defense Acquisition Programs: GPALS System/BMC 3 8 O! D- S, P( H+ m' ^, E, National Missile Defense (NMD), Global Missile Defense (GMD), Upper Tier Theater Missile Defense (UTTMD), Corps SAM, and PATRIOT. Army PEO GPALS was re-designated PEO Missile Defenses in 1992. $ r5 j# v% u; l. f4 v0 Y/ q+ NGLOBIXS Global Information Exchange System. GLONASS Global Navigational Satellite System. MDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 G 8 [5 R8 e0 t1 ~$ w7 ~% ~120 GLOW Gross Lift-Off Weight. % m" D! g" D! ZGLP Ground Launched Probe. See Brilliant Eyes Probe. GLS Ground-Launched Sensor. " Q1 A0 o4 X2 C/ w% k* F8 CGM (1) Guided missile. (2) General Manager. GMACC Ground Mobile Alternate Command Center. GMAOC Ground Mobile Alternate Operations Center. ! i& D2 N e \/ T1 t$ oGMCC Ground Mobile Command Center. GMCP Ground Mobile Command Post. GMD (1) Ground-based Midcourse Defense (formally National Missile Defense) (2) Global Missile Defense (OBSOLETE). 5 I s+ b4 F6 \* q/ G$ ]. PGMT Greenwich Mean Time. + I6 r, q% n+ i+ g8 j) |( a* U" pGMTT&C Ground Mobile Tracking, Telemetry, and Control. GN&C Guidance, Navigation, and Control. q1 d5 @+ J% ?8 U: X) ?GNC&P Guidance, Navigation, Control and Propulsion. 8 [$ a: m/ q0 ]5 O% v5 t1 ^GND Ground. GOCO Government Owned, Contractor Operated. GOES Geo-stationary Operational Environmental Satellite. GOI Government of Israel. 9 | M y8 Y+ F* @& B. ~; bGOJ Government of Japan.

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GOSG General Officer Steering Group. GOSIP Government Open Systems Interconnect Profile (CALS term). " [8 a" p6 |/ a$ q5 ^9 o, d7 cGOSP Government Open System Protocol (CALS term). GOTS Government Off-the-Shelf. Gov’t Government. 5 s! ~" @' S( S4 F8 W9 ZGovernment Furnished 3 b6 U1 H' l& t5 R+ ?1 E5 LProperty Property in the possession of, or directly acquired by, the Government and + a' k0 I$ n# X* xsubsequently made available to the contractor. (See FAR 45.101.) 0 ]/ ^* i0 B" C% _) }, m: U# z8 e9 RGovernment Verification Management . O" a% O" S- g6 I9 z" @6 sPlan (GVMP) 8 Y( ?6 }) S/ \+ x f# fA management document that provides the overall framework for BMDS 4 d. U1 K I8 X9 \0 Cverification. It includes processes for implementation, organizational % V* ^- k( b8 n6 @relationships, and stakeholder responsibilities. It covers the full scope of BMDS 6 v+ k( [& O# V" Tverification and identifies how all BMDS verification activities will come together to confirm BMDS capability. MDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 G 121 GP Group. GPALS Global Protection Against Limited Strikes. GPC Global Protection Center. GPMD General Manager Program Management Directive. GPO Government Printing Office (US). GPP General Purpose Processor. GPS (1) Global Positioning System. (2), Global Protection System. ' l. C0 { G6 C7 UGPSIU GPS Interface Unit. GPU Guidance Processor Unit (US Army term). ^7 }9 ?2 j6 R5 uGraceful , l% {0 U+ a) e1 s8 VDegradation / v. ]8 n6 |/ _. O+ iA condition in which a system continues to operate, providing service in a degraded mode rather than failing completely or catastrophically. 6 x+ b6 P$ T+ g0 y/ L7 lGRASER Gamma-Ray Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. (See Gamma- t, B& _5 Y( T. W% T+ l2 bRay Laser.) GRC General Research Corporation. 0 f, \/ G, u& p" t: N$ c" ~: \$ s( K$ wGreen Code Interface Software. Ground-Based , N1 S }3 S1 _$ v- k% D$ PDefense - d) x% M/ P& mThe ground-based sensor and weapon systems of BMD. $ f2 e9 k9 W2 b* k) o2 [Ground-Based ! q# M) {+ v1 w' q" e; @& C. OInterceptor (GBI) 3 J' H6 u4 c0 R" g Z8 L' ~- a' g. HA kinetic energy exoatmospheric interceptor with long flyout range to provide, where possible, a multiple engagement capability for defense of the U.S. with a relatively small number of missile launch locations. It is designed to engage post-boost vehicles and/or RVs in the midcourse phase of flight. (USSPACECOM) (Successor to Exoatmospheric Reentry Vehicle Interceptor Subsystem (ERIS).) See EKV. Ground-Based / p! {8 D2 _3 KInterceptor Experiment 1 g }- M; n! B$ ?8 Q8 K1 A3 Z% H! V(GBI-X) 4 U$ A( a4 b6 {" ]; n* UDesigned to infuse advanced technology and promote competitive environment ( G0 G& Z; N) L/ L! B4 B- \for GBI. Ground-Based 5 N/ y) a- n {& O% g+ |Radar (GBR) + _/ x# B" f; j4 C# m+ `+ y# NA task-able, modular, multi-function, phased-array radar that provides surveillance, tracking and engagement planning data in post-boost, midcourse, and terminal flight phases within its capabilities. It also provides target ' a! K1 X! K. h8 G$ `discrimination, in-flight target updates (IFTUs), and target object maps (TOMs) to ! i! Y4 M( Y( x4 B' @- Q- W9 hinterceptor vehicles. See THAAD. (USSPACECOM) Ground-Based Radar Terminal (GBRT) The sensor for the NMD system. An X-band, ground-based, phased array radar capable of detecting, tracking, and providing discrimination information to a ground-based interceptor. 5 U+ N5 O M; j+ ]Ground-based / }2 g1 `, V9 R* K$ f* GSurveillance and % [/ @7 X0 ], ~0 \0 O& CTracking System ( y4 n, q# Z8 `! b(GSTS) 8 \8 l: v5 S# q1 l' e8 MA fast-response rocket-launched sensor, which can support the SDS midcourse sensor suite by employing multiple Long Wavelength Infrared (LWIR) wavebands - y/ T0 g- J! t+ h% }( Gand a visible waveband sensor to provide tracking and discrimination of potentially lethal targets. + O) T& L$ C8 n) M$ {5 E" DMDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 G + X6 H. h5 V( L9 j5 n' r O122 ! S. |5 P# g& W6 }. `; h3 ~Ground Entry Point (GEP) OBSOLETE. GEPs provide the communications interfaces between the SDS - f# S- v2 l5 p6 pspace orbital/sub-orbital elements and the C2 E. See IFICS. Ground Mobile Regional Operations Center (GMROC) Transportable ground segment of the Regional Operations Center. Ground Zero The point on the surface of the earth at, or vertically below or above, the center . z+ p' f1 R1 _3 qof a planned or actual nuclear detonation. GS Garrison Support (US Army term). GSA General Services Administration (US). GSDC Ground Station Demonstration Lab. GSE (1) Ground Support Equipment. (2) Government Support Equipment. GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD. 6 a. D3 r" S: B2 UGSII Government Services Information Infrastructure. 8 T5 p* D8 Z) ]& s- z" S U5 MGSM Ground Station Module. GSO Geo-stationary Orbit. , e# w) Z! U# E6 U& u' YGSR Ground Station Radar. GSTS OBSOLETE. A fast-response, rocket-launched, Long Wavelength Infrared 7 f9 f& @0 ^" l+ h$ n. W8 l# ~" {(LWIR) and visible waveband sensor, which would have enhanced the / H# m: R. s" d4 Z2 B' d; l. Vinformation available from the SDS’ midcourse sensor suite by providing tracking & o& J; i* H7 s3 S0 b9 R% O, M$ Yand discrimination data on potentially lethal targets. , C& S5 s+ I4 ~+ NGSTS (F) GSTS Farm. GTA Ground Test Accelerator. GTACS Ground Theater Air Control System. 1 p& g+ z2 s7 K9 |! jGTE GTE Corporation. 6 V. a. V0 r! {$ c: SGTF Guided Test Flights. GTM Global Track Manager. # u( [: Q, J1 O: v/ }! iGTN General Technical Note. GTR Gulf Test Range, Eglin AFB, FL. : o* p4 [5 r7 xGTSF Guidance Test and Simulation Facility (PATRIOT), Huntsville, AL. 0 K' ]* O2 j/ `" _: w- J3 [GTV Guided Test Vehicle. GUI Graphic User Interface. " |, j- @# @6 C. C) \1 CMDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 G ' t; |& M( ~" r( ^4 @123 , F8 W ?7 @$ ]( WGuidance (1) Direction, altitude control, and navigation (where appropriate) of sensors 8 J+ x3 j) l4 @; r- Lor interceptor vehicles. 6 C% S6 ]" U1 f+ I- u(2) The entire process by which target intelligence information received by a guided missile is used to effect proper flight control to cause timely direction changes for effective target interception. Guidance Enhanced ; Q1 g( \1 ` u u( |8 C3 fMissile (GEM) ; d& n8 H7 ^/ g7 G3 w I/ gA companion program to PATRIOT PAC-2, which includes enhancements to the radar to increase intercept range and performance. $ \1 G3 K2 R& t$ r3 ~Guidance 9 d g. w) C& ?/ K. s" t2 Q0 S. aSystem (Missile) 3 O: H0 H6 H* ^3 @6 C! M5 H+ D4 Z2 t$ MA system, which evaluates flight information, correlates it with target data, ' y: H. g5 ^! ^$ t" g2 R0 idetermines the desired flight path of the missile, and communicates the necessary commands to the missile flight control system. % K) K! [! N7 {9 H) e: z; \0 qGuided Missile An unmanned vehicle moving above the surface of the earth, whose trajectory or + B# _4 h% J6 F, wflight path is capable of being altered by an external or internal mechanism. ( s* G ]' c, f4 T L3 C6 Z% ]GVSC Generic VHSIC (Very High Speed Integrated Circuit) Spaceborne Computer. GWAPS Gulf War Air Power Survey, 1994 [a DoD-sponsored survey]. ?0 a9 w2 i5 Q" p4 IGwd Giga watt-days. 1 C4 m% t$ T; T" \ I# J4 KGWEN Ground Wave Emergency Network. GZ Ground Zero. MDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 H 5 W4 M; P7 s) ]8 `5 O* R* o5 U6 c124 % k, k* t3 \% e4 |H Hour. H&S Health and Status. # f6 K' B8 r9 N4 p9 K0 ?% kH/W Hardware. : ?' I# Q' c& u5 b9 M1 vHA Higher Authority. 4 Y. n) ?& v8 k5 I0 |+ }HABE High Altitude Balloon Experiment. HAC House Appropriations Committee (US). HADS High Altitude Defense System. 4 ^; C1 y, v `; t9 S2 g: ^, u- PHALE High Altitude Long-Endurance. 1 S4 |, d/ N; [% tHALE UAV High Altitude Long Endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. , w0 R5 o0 I) fHalf-Value & L" F- i. [6 ^' N4 c: X; pThickness (HVT) The thickness of a given material, which will absorb half the gamma radiation ' z+ E' Q( ~0 Jincident upon it. This thickness is inversely proportional to its density and also 5 R/ l" R8 X5 a8 v4 ^depends on the energy of the gamma rays. HALO II High Altitude Observatory II HAMS Hardness Assurance, Maintenance and Surveillance. . n5 s' {9 M* |- a* BHandoff This occurs when information on positions, velocities and tracks are given by one sensor or system to another and the first sensor or system continues to track the 2 f( q+ j: u" c9 ?, L+ Bobjects. Handover This occurs when information is passed on to another sensor or system in which 8 t1 S! [9 a: Y# X/ }7 q$ ~ vthe first does not continue to track. HAOI High Altitude Optical Imaging.

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HAOIS High Altitude Optical Imaging System. 4 Y' j) J! t6 J o$ }7 V% M" VHAP High Altitude Probe. 3 O2 \; o/ i8 M$ q- RHard Kill (HK) Destruction of a target in such a way as to produce unambiguous visible evidence of its neutralization. Hardening Design and manufacturing process and other measures, which may be employed to render military assets less vulnerable. 3 t7 k% Y6 x0 lHARDMAN Hardware/Military Manpower Integration (Navy ILS term). * b/ M+ a# N! k, I1 g4 o' y" a. D' AHardness A property of a target; measured by the power needed per unit area to destroy 1 J, B2 c! c2 a& _the target. A hard target is more difficult to kill than a soft target. C8 M) @# u; e, H7 x" _Hardware-in-the- ^9 t6 g4 O; dLoop (HWIL) 2 F: ^- m' D U! M# s, E9 {: TTests in which BM/C3 computer and communication test systems will be in communication with some of the hardware test facilities developed for other BMD * @- M) D' M% [7 L' r4 J% h1 c) n7 otechnology programs. Hardware ; f4 S" u* V- F9 e9 I5 z+ ]! PSecurity : O0 ?' p! \* SComputer equipment features or devices used in an ADP system to preclude unauthorized access to data or system resources. , z( o+ I& W. J! a( DHARM High Speed Anti-Radiation Missile. MDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 H 125 5 X, U$ K1 B4 O8 P: _' BHASC House Armed Services Committee (US). HASP Hardened Ada Signal Processor. * M+ @; y) [6 V6 b: {$ X( v' yHATELM High-speed Anti-TEL Missile. $ h/ x8 @) A, I* s! M" X* q: FHATMD High-Altitude Theater Missile Defense. (U.S. Army) # M! a# a, l& pHAVE STARE Name assigned a proven sensor capability. & X) m% _( |, H M- g/ r3 IHAWK Homing All-the-Way Killer. HBCU/MI Historically Black Colleges and Universities/Minority Institutions. 2 d6 h- G; O% J, H: l# k5 i1 mHBHO Hard-body Hand-over [algorithms]. HCO High Consequence Option (Safety Engineering term). 6 n$ C: P- N% |# {0 m2 ZHCT Mercury Cadmium Telluride. HDA Hybrid Detector Assembly. / b5 x4 P% s) k* p1 m2 ~' uHDBK Handbook. 8 @1 b& |2 y& P$ A lHDR High Data Rate. HDX Half Duplex (TelComm/Computer term). . Y* O4 Y; s% l R; w" [+ MHE (1) High Explosive. (2) High Energy. + T& I& a$ Z0 K6 mHealth and Status 0 W& U7 L M" S/ V4 T% v( s(H&S) Health and Status pertains to a unit’s ability to assess the conditions of its + p; u' B' o, V% u: T/ C' G' msubsystem functions. The term H&S is used for units in remote locations, such as satellites, where ground controls must interface with BITE to determine 6 q$ b9 O8 O( ]1 l2 j& [* p5 w8 soperational status of the satellite and its equipment. Heavy Replicas (HREPS) Decoys, which by virtue of shape, size, and mass, closely approximate an RV’s , F- ~/ W# ^% Q [. t' H( V- H+ Osignature. HREPS have significant off- load penalty. 9 ] M t/ g2 K0 n9 w7 `" XHEDI OBSOLETE. See High Endoatmospheric Defense Interceptor. # Z9 L, G0 e8 d N% NHEDR High Endoatmospheric Defense Radar. HEDS High Endoatmospheric Defense System. 8 N- u1 p s9 w! J3 e2 T- B8 l! n/ fHEI High Endoatmospheric Interceptor. HEL High Energy Laser. % x0 V; W/ `* e. g% ~HELKS High Energy Laser Kill System. % T- L) Y- Z8 Z _5 kHELLO High Energy Laser Light Opportunity. HELSTF High Energy Laser Systems Test Facility. 1 k4 S7 |3 A Z1 [; tHELWS High Energy Laser Weapon System. HEMP High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse. MDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 H % M9 f+ X7 z& j! q- A' N126 * t6 ]! u/ Z% [8 ~ vHEMTT Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck (US Army prime mover). 7 E) @: ^ ~: h' }) @! X! zHen House Soviet area defense radar used as a component of the Moscow ABM system ' a( Z: I" }0 |+ Cthat provides VHF coverage of space to monitor orbiting satellites and early warning of ICBMs launched from the U.S. ! e& \, ~& r. U2 u+ hHEO See High Earth Orbit. HERA (1) An improved surrogate TBM test target. , u# {, Q3 r7 {2 s7 g(2) Two-stage, ground launched solid propellant theater target vehicle. (MDA Lexicon) 7 ]1 q* d! g( n5 ^6 |+ f" _1 {$ q1 pHERO Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (SM-2 Bk IVA). % t+ f& @- A S; N# y6 L+ k0 tHESP High Efficiency Solar Panel. 4 |5 n) m! r" X5 ZHEU Highly Enriched Uranium. HF (1) High Frequency. (2) Hydrogen fluoride. HF/DF (1) High Frequency/Direction Finding. (2) Hydrogen Fluoride/Deuterium Fluoride. (Chemicals used in IR chemical lasers). ; c+ V/ {( w& X( \; I xHFCNR High Frequency Combat Net Radio. HFE Human Factors Engineering. HgCdTe Mercury Cadmium Telluride. / P5 c% j! o) _, A* ]0 O THHB Headquarters and Headquarters Battery. * k$ x5 K+ |; V* DHIBEX High-Acceleration Boost Experiment. 6 B" J1 J& e9 C& l Y6 g9 fHIBREL High Brightness Relay. HIC Human-in-Control. HICOM High Command (Navy term). ; {: C& q1 T9 pHICTB Human-in-Control Test Bed. * ?* [8 j5 U l6 P$ ]' L- KHIDACZ High Density Aerospace Control Zone. ( D; u, h2 n7 p) X/ LHIDAR High Data Rate. High Earth Orbit 3 Y6 D( B' X2 H# V& ?(HEO) An orbit about the earth at an altitude greater than 3,000 nautical miles (about 5,600 kilometers). High Endoatmosphere That portion of the earth’s atmosphere, generally above 40 km altitude. % O; [' G' T* i4 hHigh & `0 T( f9 z) ~/ L4 j& j& y% o1 XEndoatmospheric Defense Interceptor (HEDI) 8 r/ X! b6 j! JOBSOLETE. Interceptor concept designed to engage RVs within the (upper or high endo) atmosphere. (Predecessor to Endo-Exoatmospheric Interceptor (E2I).) - a* x+ a' E8 C" m* G3 P, fMDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 H 127 1 r/ ^! H% m9 Q+ R# M* b# H: ?) JHigh Density : f; L& e, V& K2 Z) W7 t3 C( [Aerospace Control Zone % v2 l. O% X- G(HIDACZ) 6 x: B5 O4 a1 [! Z; KAirspace designated in an airspace control plan or airspace control order, in which there is a concentrated employment of various weapons and users. A HIDACZ has defined dimensions, that usually coincide with geographical features or navigational aides. Access to a HIDACZ is normally controlled by the 3 D) g& w* c) O+ ~& Lmaneuver commander. The maneuver commander can also direct a more . d$ k, m' C+ F, d7 n% crestrictive weapons status within the HIDACZ. 9 y) D6 Z" x/ ?- m4 l! {Higher Authority Interface Policy, strategy, doctrine, readiness conditions, and rules of engagement from higher authorities for use by the defense system in conducting system operations including specific orders specifying actions such as testing, defense - m, ]9 F' s5 i1 Denabling, pre-delegation of authority, etc. Also the reporting of situation assessment and system readiness to higher authority. 6 [' [- L0 J: I6 C* WHigh Order - G* _; w/ S! z, Q/ _4 d& SLanguage (HOL) A programming language that requires little knowledge of the computer on which a program will run, can be translated into several different machine languages, allows symbolic naming of operations and addresses, provides features designed to facilitate expression of data structures and program logic, and 5 ~& g% v7 c$ @* {0 uusually results in several machine instructions for each program statement. 0 j+ b' F) U; n* s+ E0 XHIL Human In-the-Loop. ; Y$ D% _3 `" f4 w! uHIMAD High to Medium Altitude Air Defense. HIMEZ High Altitude Missile Engagement Zone. HIP Hot Isostatic Processing. - p: i7 Y' Z# h) m6 EHIRAM High Resolution Infrared Auroral Measurements. 7 U6 V1 b5 t# w9 d1 NHISEM High Speed Environmental Multi-burst Model. HIT (1) Heterojuncture Internal Photomissive. (2) Homing Interceptor Technology. HK Hard Kill. 0 t$ k) h7 n$ v7 cHKV Hit to Kill Vehicle. / X; Z5 I: |) Z7 K( Q, PHLD Hardware Description Language. HLLV Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle. HMC&M Hazardous Material Control and Management. $ F" i8 ~, ?3 d0 R# SHMI Human Machine Interface. 9 m, R" H \; S5 @HMMWV High Mobility Mutli-purpose Whealed Vehicle (USA term) (pronounced Hum Vee). 5 X- B2 B, S; {8 z* e; @HMPC Hazardous Maintenance Procedure Code. HMSC Hughes Missile System Corporation. HOB Height of Burst. ' n( _6 q* q4 N, L- \* `/ ~HOE OBSOLETE. Homing Overlay Experiment. (Predecessor program to Exoatmospheric Reentry Vehicle Interceptor Subsystem (ERIS).) 8 f5 x( q) ^7 k3 f7 m( n6 WHOL High Order Language. MDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 H 128 Homing All-the- Way Killer " l2 W# @' R2 Q$ `3 p(HAWK) ; }) A2 Y; `; W+ l1 I( E) v( V7 w(1) Upgrades to the HAWK interceptor and radar system to provide the * H) b& y4 h8 L( i. lMarine Corps with a mobile point theater ballistic missile defense capability. & b' C( _: H2 O5 Z$ [( P(2) A mobile air defense artillery, surface-to-air missile system that provides ) R8 h/ u2 G2 n) z3 Enon-nuclear, low to medium altitude air defense coverage for ground forces. Designated as MIM-23. Homing Device A device, mounted on a missile, to aid its guidance to a target. The homing device uses sensors to detect the position of, or to help predict the future 2 f; u( a7 ?" V" R5 N5 }position of a target, and then directs the missile to intercept it. The homing : W; m: U, G, R1 R0 \5 qdevice usually provides frequent target position updates during the flight of the . Z$ t7 n2 P/ m, R9 h; ]. S/ vmissile. , p( w% ^: N& ?) s) S m2 QHoming ' v6 \4 X, ^0 j' _" Y3 A. AGuidance A system by which a missile steers itself towards a target by means of a selfcontained mechanism which is activated by some distinguishing characteristics of 1 |. K8 @& F. ^the target, such as an infrared signature. $ @0 F% n+ T6 w" t3 p& pHOMS Homing Overlay Mission Simulation. HOST Hardened Optical Sensor Testbed. 6 Q. J' E4 X2 [7 O0 e- s- x8 Y3 CHost Installation A designated DoD facility that provides non peculiar SDS support of SDS $ x& [5 `3 A. y m5 \elements. Hostile Environment 7 [3 g2 H* R( V# o8 g2 e% _4 RThose environments that result from a BMD system engagement of an enemy 8 S, P6 U: C9 t: A/ ethreat or collateral conditions resulting from deliberate hostilities. Hostile environment categories currently applicable to National Missile Defense are : P( R8 I' y) w0 @! w- r$ h" lNuclear, Battle Debris, and Electronic Warfare. ' N" W; k- B2 s8 t' c2 a& }Hostile Track The classification assigned to a track that, based upon established criteria, is 8 C2 v2 ~- F& i7 w e9 c! ndetermined to be an enemy threat. $ y5 ^; A4 M. `; w* \- @( GHost Interface The interface between a communications processor and a host computer. 0 ]9 p6 ~# y1 J0 X* T9 R6 AHost Nation Support Civil and/or military assistance rendered by a nation to foreign forces within its " C" K0 \8 x& Nterritory during peacetime, crisis or emergencies, or war based on agreements concluded between nations. ) k8 |7 j+ g0 W$ ehp Horsepower. HPA High Power Amplifier. 0 P) z4 D: f M- WHPC High Performance Computing. HPCC High Performance Computing and Communications. , P) I/ c8 w. P0 B6 sHPG Homopolar Generator. - l3 J% y0 E& J$ ~+ [# z' x6 x' uHPI High Power Illuminator (Hawk). HPIR High Power Illuminator Radar. 5 _4 ~( b! R4 {$ r6 E' i$ m- W, VHPL High Power Laser. $ L' P4 I4 f; L z) }. EHPM High Power Microwave. . L' `1 s4 F5 R9 M0 o) XHQ Headquarters. MDA GLOSSARY, VER. 4.0 H . l, _8 W) ^, {% ?! y' x129 HQMC Headquarters, Marine Corps. ( G- N* L0 N6 C, JHRDS High Resolution Display System. HREPS Heavy Replicas. HRR High Range Resolution. 6 S( k/ Q5 Q6 V* Y5 _, P! W. u. uHRSA HICTB Requirements, Support and Analysis. * b1 C% p8 k7 i- F6 IHSDB High Speed Data Bus (TelComm/Computer term). % f# r& |! q0 \. {* U/ b; YHSFB High Speed Fleet Broadcast (Navy term). HSI Human Systems Integration. HSV Huntsville, Alabama. ( p* `7 z" u3 N. }) cHTICIA High Technology Crime Investigation Association. HTI Horizontal Technology Initiative. : i9 g, Z" ^4 a j( p- j9 E1 tHTK Hit-to-Kill. HTMIAC High Temperature Materials Information Analysis Center. HTML Hypertext Markup Language. 7 L7 M+ D2 a5 w/ v% GHTPB Hydroxy-Terminated Poly Butadiene. $ Z& h5 T V& U e9 JHTS (1) High Temperature Super-conducting. (2) Hawaii Tracking Station. . t9 Q( m. s+ g U9 G- g( OHTSA Host Tenant Support Agreement. ; [% w( Z1 }' C" M0 v1 x0 PHTSS Hardened- sub-miniature Telemetry and Sensor System. ' _8 N8 O3 ~$ r6 `HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol. HUD Heads Up Display. / a1 x0 A& Z, p2 _) r) nHuman Factors A body of scientific facts about human characteristics. The term covers all biomedical and psychosocial considerations; it includes, but is not limited to, . V! c* a# x5 s( M j0 _principles and applications in the areas of human engineering, personnel selection, training, life support, job performance aids, and human performance , F2 W- W7 _- A+ Q9 P5 V' Kevaluation. Human Factors ! R" g1 V8 r, o1 }# |Engineering 3 Z5 b2 R: N( _1 j2 PThe design of man-made devices, systems, and environments to enhance their use by people. Also called human engineering, human factors, and ergonomics.